Video & Transcript Research : 'conditional use permits'

Page 152 of 500
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Committee on Jobs and Economic Development - 02/23/26

Jobs and Economic Development

Transcript Highlights:
  • that would be useful as we go. that would be useful as we go.
  • We leverage some pretty cool use.
  • out technology using good you know using out technology using good you know using good<00:56:24.960
  • us with us in the way that they were. us with us in the way that they were.
  • in order to improve our conditions here. in order to improve our conditions here.
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Committee on Transportation - 03/24/25

Transportation

Transcript Highlights:
  • Senator Mchune is joining us, also Senator Mchune is joining us, also participating<00:04:58.720>
  • He's been there with us."
  • question is what methodology do we use? question is what methodology do we use?
  • If I can detain us a little more here. If I can detain us a little more here.
  • Can you walk us through a fiscal note. Can you walk us through that,<00:52:58.960> please?
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
HI

Hawaii 2025 Regular Session

TCA Public Hearing 03-11-2025

Transcript Highlights:
  • <00:05:22.960> which motorcycle instruction permits which motorcycle instruction permits which
  • valid temporary instruction permit valid temporary instruction permit unless<00:05:37.280> it
  • Give us just one second to get composed here, and we'll go into decision-making.
  • I'd like to recommend moving us forward. I'd like to recommend moving us forward.
  • We've gone to House Bill 1162, relating to motorcycle instruction permits.
Keywords: 912, senate, all
Summary: The Committee on Transportation and Culture heard testimony on several transportation-related bills. HB 1422, which would exempt certain community-based organizations providing transportation services from motor carrier law, drew support from the Department of Transportation, PUC, DLNR, Kauaʻi County, the Hōnaunau Initiative, and others; members asked about narrowing amendments to prevent unintended use, and the bill later advanced with amendments, including a three-year sunset. HB 1162, requiring motorcycle instruction permit applicants to complete a DOT-approved basic rider course, received support from DOT and Honolulu Customer Services; it advanced with amendments to address city and county concerns and to allow more implementation time. HB 1259, which would remove the need for an engineering study when reducing speed limits by up to 10 mph, had mixed testimony and was deferred for further discussion. HB 1260, establishing summer streets pilot programs for counties other than Oʻahu, drew support from DOT, DOH, UH, Hawaiʻi Appleseed, bicycling and public health groups, and individuals; DOH and others asked that Oʻahu be included, but the measure was deferred for later decision-making. HB 177, making civil ID cards free, had opposition from DOT and Honolulu Customer Services and support from health advocates; DOT said the program costs about $1.3 million annually and would need replacement funding, and the bill was deferred. HB 862, authorizing motor coaches, small buses, and vans for school bus services under certain conditions, received broad support from disability advocates, DOE-related entities, neighborhood boards, and private providers, with testimony emphasizing flexibility and accessibility; it was deferred. HB 667, requiring microchip scanning and reporting when deceased cats or dogs are removed from roadways, was supported by DOT, the Hawaiian Humane Society, and many animal groups and individuals, and was passed unamended. HB 960, increasing the cap on certain DOT capital investment contracts, and HB 228, authorizing electronic license plates and banning plate-obscuring devices and flipping devices, were both heard and then deferred. HB 1156, increasing the amount of special facility revenue bonds available for harbor improvements, received support from DOT, the Island Chamber of Commerce, Alakaʻi Energy, and the Harbor Users Group, and was passed unamended to Ways and Means.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
  • Today, I look at the world around us.
  • That sounds to us like this other body can create new regulations on us. Can you respond to that?
  • That will mislead us. Thank you.
  • Information about our infrastructure is a big deal to us, and it is a real issue for us, and this bill
  • lets us enhance our capabilities.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Roadmap to Program Integrity and Fraud Prevention 3/9/26

Minnesota House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • > should<00:04:15.680> be Use of investigative resources should be Use of investigative
  • Using modern technology is a must.
  • Use of GPS, cameras, biometrics.
  • And I could not use the ATM. I could not use the cafeteria. I was not allowed in the building.
  • criminals who were just too smart for us criminals who were just too smart for us or<00:19:37.919
Keywords: 1183, house
Summary: Judge Tim O’Malley, Minnesota’s director of program integrity, presented a roadmap to program integrity and fraud prevention built around nine areas for improvement, including leadership and culture, stronger program controls, better coordination among agencies and prosecutors, training, technology modernization, independent oversight, stakeholder engagement, and expanded resources. He said long-standing vulnerabilities in state programs have been exploited by organized criminals, and argued the state must shift from reactive enforcement to front-end prevention, faster detection, and recovery of improper payments. He emphasized that modern data sharing and analytics are especially urgent, and said oversight and accountability are essential for lasting change. Fay Bernstein, a long-time DHS employee, testified that she experienced retaliation after raising contract compliance concerns years ago. She said she was removed from the building, barred from DHS property, investigated for months, and accused of racism and threatening leadership, which she denied. Bernstein argued DHS leadership lacks a fraud-prevention mindset and said the department’s culture punishes employees who speak up, while serious program failures have harmed vulnerable Minnesotans. She called for major leadership changes and firings at DHS. Members questioned O’Malley about whether fraud was driven more by sophisticated criminals or by weaknesses in state systems. He said the vulnerabilities have existed for a long time and organized criminal groups are taking advantage of them, especially where data sharing is weak. Members also pressed him on whistleblower protections and retaliation; O’Malley said he should have included the legislature among places employees can report concerns, and said complaints should be thoroughly investigated with accurate information and appropriate consequences for supervisors who fail to act, ranging from coaching to termination depending on the case. No votes or formal actions were taken in this portion of the meeting.
FL

Florida 2026 Regular Session

FL House Floor Session - 2025-04-16 (2:00PM Session)

Florida House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • We have with us Auburn's...
  • the land use provisions.
  • By us saying the state knows better than the local government, why? Are any of us chemists?
  • None of us are doctors. None of us are dentists.
  • Little housekeeping for us.
Summary: The Senate opened with a prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, doctor and guest introductions, and then moved to the special order calendar. Early bills passed included measures on the Florida Trust Code (SB 806/HB 1173), school district reporting requirements and educator misconduct reporting (SB 1374), debt collection email communications (SB 232), service of process updates (SB 576/HB 157), public lodging and food service establishments (SB 606), lien waivers and releases (SB 658), Crime Stoppers public records exemptions (SB 710), health care licensure and foreign-country business interests (SB 768, amended), diabetes management in schools (SB 772/HB 597), platting procedures (SB 784), fentanyl testing in hospitals (SB 1346/HB 1195), third-party reservation platforms (SB 940), electronic landlord-tenant notices (SB 1164/HB 615), leaving the scene of a crash restitution (SB 1378/HB 479), background screening for athletic coaches (SB 1546), surrendered infants and infant safety devices (SB 1690/HB 791), and affordable housing/Live Local Act changes (SB 1730, amended). Several other bills were temporarily postponed, including measures on trespass, higher education, transportation services, the UCC, altered sexual depictions, firearms during emergencies, Brownfields, false reporting, health care billing, motor vehicles, utility services, and others. Most of the debate centered on a few controversial bills. Senators debated the fentanyl testing bill in support of faster detection and life-saving treatment, and the surrendered infants bill drew opposition over safety, anonymity, and liability concerns, though supporters argued baby boxes provide a monitored safe surrender option. The affordable housing bill received an amendment and broad support as a continuation of the Live Local Act, with changes to zoning, parking, height, and litigation procedures. The day’s most contentious measure was the agriculture/consumer services package (SB 700), where senators argued over the bill’s fluoride-related preemption; opponents criticized the policy and process, while the sponsor emphasized broader agriculture, consumer protection, and FFA-related provisions. That bill passed 27-9. Votes on the other major bills were largely bipartisan and often unanimous or near-unanimous, with several bills passing 35-37 yeas and few or no nays. The Senate also adopted a motion to immediately certify all bills passed that day to the House. The session concluded with announcements recognizing visitors, including Taiwan representatives, and remarks about a lantern-lighting observance tied to the 250th anniversary of Paul Revere’s ride, followed by adjournment until the next scheduled meeting.
AZ

Arizona 2026 Regular Session

03/18/2026 - House Judiciary

Judiciary

Transcript Highlights:
  • And I don't want to use the term have been victimized by this.
  • I used to run the nursery at the Salvation Army.
  • We look at these bills as they come to us.
  • We have given us. Let's go to 1240. Mr.
  • And that was my father’s way of teaching us gun safety.
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • Where do those dollars go if they're not used? Where do those dollars go if they're not used?
  • The space can only be used, you know, for so much when you have to be used. That is a dilemma.
  • It's like the intent to use it, so we're switching over, but we're not using it.
  • Families that reach out to us, or reach out to their county, who then reach out to us.
  • us eligible for that funding.
Summary: The committee heard an extensive Department of Social Services presentation on child care budget issues, including the Governor’s proposed 2026-27 budget, federal CCDF changes, Prop. 64 revenue adjustments, and a one-time $11.5 million disaster-related infrastructure grant for licensed child care facilities affected by 2025 declared disasters. DSS said federal formula updates and lower Prop. 64 revenues would reduce funding and could result in about 4,176 CCTR slots being reduced, but the department said it was working to avoid impacts to currently enrolled children. The LAO supported aligning general child care funding with lower revenues and asked for more detail on the disaster grant. Members pressed DSS and Finance on why reductions were not being backfilled and why so many awarded slots remain uncontracted or unused; DSS said delays are largely due to providers building new infrastructure, licensing, staffing, and enrollment challenges, and that some unspent funds revert to the General Fund. The committee also discussed whether some contract dollars should be shifted to vouchers and whether more flexibility should be allowed for infrastructure and expansion costs. A second panel focused on the state’s commitment to expand child care and on rate reform. DSS reported that nearly 125,000 new slots have been awarded since 2021-22, but speakers from Stanislaus County Office of Education, Parent Voices California, and the California Budget and Policy Center argued that unmet need remains large and that the system still leaves many families without access. Stanislaus County described a large local shortage of infant and toddler care and said reimbursement disparities between child care programs and state preschool create disincentives for providers. Parent Voices gave testimony about the burdens and instability families face when trying to access care, especially for survivors and low-income parents, and called for a universal, publicly funded system. The Budget Center said only about 16% of eligible children were enrolled in 2024, urged expansion across the mixed delivery system rather than concentrating investment in TK, and called for faster rate reform and new revenue. LAO estimated that bringing certain CCTR adjustment factors up to CSPP levels would cost $88 million to $131 million ongoing. Members and witnesses discussed the single rate structure, automation needs, and the need for deadlines and a ramp-up plan; DSS said the goal is to eliminate disparities, but that policy decisions are still needed before automation can proceed. The committee then reviewed several trailer bill proposals. DSS outlined a 2026-27 COLA proposal that would apply a 2.41% increase through cost-of-care-plus payments, though the department said it had inadvertently excluded CalWORKs Child Care and the Emergency Child Care Bridge Program and would revise the proposal; LAO recommended making the COLA methodology uniform across programs. DSS also proposed replacing the market rate survey with the federally approved alternative methodology on a triennial schedule, limiting temporary absences in family child care homes to 20% of monthly hours, defining excessive unexplained absences as more than 30 days in a year, and aligning family fee deductions with new federal requirements so providers receive the full voucher value. Members generally supported the temporary absence change and asked about implementation timing for the family fee deduction, with DSS saying it was in contact with Riverside County. The committee also heard a brief update on the Early Childhood Policy Council reappropriation, which would extend unused funds through June 30, 2028 because prior costs came in higher than expected.
NH

New Hampshire 2026 Regular Session

House Fish and Game and Marine Resources (02/03/2026)

Fish and Game and Marine Resources

Transcript Highlights:
  • It's an important statute for us.
  • It's an important statute for us.
  • permit to use a the department to get a permit to use a mobility<01:08:57.199> device<01:08:57.600
  • worked well for us.
  • I look forward to us worked well for us.
Keywords: 1189, house, all
TX

Texas 89th Regular

Intergovernmental Affairs Apr 22nd, 2025

Intergovernmental Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • How long can someone use a voucher once they're issued? using it, how long are they— is it forever?
  • that they can't use other screening criteria that they would use for any other tenant.
  • use for anyone else.
  • I would not use the term "discriminate." I would use the term just being unwilling to participate.
  • And if you would, if you have something you want to send us, send it out to us all so we have that.
TX

Texas 89th 2nd C.S.

State Affairs Apr 9th, 2026

State Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • It is to us as well.
  • We have data centers in colder climates using ambient air and they just use the outside air.
  • versus actual use.
  • using salt water?
  • Put us on there together. Matt, put us on there together.
Keywords: 1184, house, all
FL
Transcript Highlights:
  • IT REQUIRES A CONDITION OF EMPLOYMENT.
  • NO ONE IS FORCING YOU TO USE THEM.
  • NOBODY IS TYING IT ONTO A CHAIR BE LIKE YOU HAVE TO USE MY PRONOUNS OR ELSE.
  • DIVERSITY TRAINING IS IMPORTANT FOR ALL OF US.
  • WHY ARE YOU TREATING US. >> Sen.
Keywords: 999, senate, all
MN

Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session

Committee on Judiciary and Public Safety - Part 1 - 03/27/25

Judiciary and Public Safety

Transcript Highlights:
  • Uh, if you just formally introduce yourself and tell us what you'd like us to know.
  • I first us what you'd like us to know.
  • Senator Westerm has joined us. adopted. Senator Westerm has joined us.
  • Senate file 2885 is before us. Senate file 2885 is before us.
  • I'm used to that. Well, that'd be Cohen. I'm used to that.
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Assembly Education Committee Apr 15th, 2026

Transcript Highlights:
  • We respectfully request that the amendments exclude conditional and exempt students, use end-of-year
  • We respectfully request that the amendments exclude conditional and exempt students, use end-of-year
  • ...policy with your bill get us closer to that?
  • That brings us back. Any public comment in opposition? That brings us back to the members.
  • That brings us to file item 10.
Summary: The Assembly Education Committee heard a lengthy agenda of education-related bills, with quorum established at the start and several measures taken up on consent or special order. The committee also announced that AB 1644, AB 2362, and later AB 2197 were pulled from the hearing. Members reminded the public of hearing rules and limited testimony to two witnesses each in support and opposition. AB 2651, by Assemblymember Bonta, would require schools to notify parents when school vaccination rates fall below herd-immunity thresholds. Supporters, including physicians, the California State PTA, public health groups, and school employee organizations, argued that families need timely, school-specific information to protect children and vulnerable community members. Opponents raised concerns about privacy, stigma, and whether school-level snapshots could be misleading. The bill passed the committee 5-1 and later 7-1 on the roll call. AB 2509, by Assemblymember Schultz, would allow districts to use a five-year rolling average for ADA funding calculations; supporters said it would stabilize funding amid attendance declines, while one member noted concerns about masking long-term enrollment problems. It passed 5-1 and later 7-2. The committee also approved AB 2430, which would expand after-school access, especially for high school students, improve funding and transparency, and create a work group on program quality. Testimony emphasized the value of expanded learning for youth development and working families, and members discussed the need to address middle school access as well. AB 2526, focused on special education funding, would expand the low-incidence fund to include students qualifying for the California alternate assessment; supporters said it would better align funding with student need, while some concerns remained about over-identification. AB 2325, the Pathways to Bilingual Teaching Act, would create a grant program to build bilingual teacher pipelines through partnerships among schools, community colleges, and universities; it received strong support and passed unanimously. AB 2460, presented by Assemblymember Pellerin for Assemblymember Celeste Rodriguez, would update school mental-health referral protocols to address trauma related to immigration enforcement; it also passed unanimously. AB 2404, which sought to require Central Valley representation on several governor-appointed bodies, drew debate over geographic representation and board composition and ultimately failed on a 2-5 vote.
FL

Florida 2025 Regular Session

House in Session Apr 16th, 2025

Florida House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Authority may not require charter schools to obtain a special exemption or conditional use approval.
  • Samuel Arms, with us today.
  • There used to be an alligator at Jonathan Dickinson, and we used to have to toss marshmallows, which
  • Representative Eskamani: Can you cite for us who ranks us dead last? Was... ...that rated?
  • That could endanger us in society.
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Assembly Emergency Management Committee Apr 28th, 2025

Emergency Management

Transcript Highlights:
  • This bill was brought to us by the city of Lancaster in my district.
  • Wait for anyone to ask us to do this work.
  • Everyone, you feel like it just isn't working for us.
  • So, that is the pre-existing natural conditions that add to the.
  • Assemblyman Gibson, thank you so much for joining us.
Keywords: 988, house, all
HI

Hawaii 2026 Regular Session

JHA Public Hearing - Wed Apr 22, 2026 @ 3:00 PM HST

Judiciary & Hawaiian Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • Please refrain from profanity and uncivil behavior. and if time permits. and if time permits.
  • > trademark<00:11:53.880> or Please avoid using any trademark or Please avoid using any trademark
  • have violated the terms and conditions have violated the terms and conditions of<00:35:42.000>
  • As we know, many test for using drugs.
  • <00:45:55.640> judicial really uses judicial really uses judicial prosecutorial<00:45:57.440
Keywords: 910, house, all
Summary: The Committee on Hawaiian Affairs heard several Senate concurrent resolutions. SCR 11, urging Congress to amend the Civil Rights Act to prohibit discrimination based on sex, sexual orientation, and gender identity, drew support from the Hawaii State Commission on the Status of Women and Pride at Work Hawaii, both of which backed the measure as a statement of equality and protection for LGBTQIA+ people. A member also reminded testifiers to keep signs and statements relevant to the measure. SCR 22, recognizing the 50th anniversary of the restoration of Ahu and Aliʻa, had no testimony. SCR 58, calling for a progressive enforcement framework for parking violations in DLNR boating and ocean recreation lots, drew strong support from multiple testifiers who argued that towing is overly punitive, costly, and unfair to beach and harbor users; they favored warnings or smaller citations instead of towing and raised concerns about signage, contract oversight, and the cost of proposed enforcement technology. One member asked about whether DLNR could use HPD or other officers for citations, and the discussion focused on staffing and enforcement authority. The committee then heard SCR 60 SD1, requesting an update on the “Breaking Cycles” study on alternative rehabilitation and restorative justice models on Oahu. The Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation was not present, but the Corrections Reform Working Group strongly supported the resolution, saying the study reflects extensive community outreach and should not be shelved. Testifiers urged the committee to use the report to examine alternatives to a new jail, including diversion, pre-trial reform, probation reform, and renovations to existing facilities, and one testifier suggested amendments to add experts in those areas and technical assistance from the Prison Policy Initiative. Another testifier described Maui’s use of wraparound reentry services, prosecutorial discretion, and programming as an example of reducing incarceration without expanding jail capacity. SCR 184, asking the Hawaii Civil Rights Commission to examine anti-discrimination laws as applied to algorithmic and automated decision systems, had no in-person testimony, with the chair noting one support and one comment submitted. The final measure, SCR 89 SD1, which would create an advisory committee under the Hawaii correctional system oversight commission to develop recommendations on alternative rehabilitation and restorative justice models on Oahu, also had no testimony from the department, but the Corrections Reform Working Group supported it as a way to ensure community input into jail planning. A later testifier echoed concerns about building a large new jail and urged the committee to consider alternatives to incarceration and to include people with expertise in diversion, pre-trial reform, and probation reform. No votes or final actions were taken in the portion of the hearing provided.
MA

Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session

Formal House Session 19 Jun 21st, 2026 at 11:00 am

Massachusetts House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • We also come up with smart solar permitting so that there's not 351 separate permitting processes across
  • But these steps simply leave us in the long-term trap.
  • , 20-year-old building permits.”
  • I mean, look at just recently during these freezing conditions.
  • We know what that cost us. In 2014, we did not ask. We know what that cost us.
Keywords: 995, all
Summary: The House opened with the Pledge of Allegiance and then took up several procedural matters, including adopting a resolution recognizing the work of Ukraine Forward and suspending Joint Rule 12 for a number of petitions. The chamber also scheduled several bills for later consideration, including measures on unemployment insurance for fluctuating work schedules, the Medical Society mission statement, a youth training wage, bridge and intersection namings, handicapped parking fines, public-way safety, excavation restoration, motor vehicle safety, and a Newton police age requirement. Two engrossed local bills were passed to be enacted: one authorizing retired police officers as special police in Plainville and another allowing Orange to increase its Board of Selectmen membership. The main policy debate centered on House No. 5151, An Act relative to energy affordability, clean power, and economic competitiveness. Supporters described it as a broad affordability and clean-energy package that would cut costs for ratepayers, reform Mass Save, speed clean-energy procurement and interconnection, return a portion of alternative compliance payments to customers, and address biomass and other energy issues. Opponents argued the bill relied too heavily on long-term programs and new administrative structures while offering little immediate relief, and raised concerns about costs being shifted to consumers, impacts on natural gas, and the pace of implementation. Several amendments were debated and rejected, including proposals to shift public benefit charges away from peak hours, pause public benefit charges for a year, require greater utility disclosure before rate increases, and add a forest-clearing penalty for solar development. One amendment to the energy bill was adopted: a consolidated amendment that included budget-billing consumer protections for gas customers, requiring notice and conservation recommendations when usage rises significantly. The House also adopted an amendment to a separate conservation-restriction bill for Hanson, changing a figure in the underlying law, and passed that bill to be engrossed as amended. The energy bill’s consolidated amendment passed by roll call, while several other amendments failed by roll call votes. The House observed multiple moments of silence honoring Jaden Booker, Thomas Skip Karam, former Freetown Police Chief Carlton Abbott, and former Representative and Senator William Q. “Biff” McLean, Jr.
MA

Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Session (Full Formal with Calendar) Jul 22nd, 2026 at 04:36 pm

Massachusetts Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • The same report found that 99 percent of That it often needs to use.
  • We streamline environmental permitting in the Mass Ready Act.
  • We have with us today Bill Owens Jr. and Shara Owens Schwartz.
  • The bill would cause us, God bless you, the bill would cause us to go to 10 employees.
  • The two of us are going to take care of this bill. Okay.
Keywords: 1212, all
Summary: The Senate took up a major economic development package, Senate Bill 3178, with the chair and supporters describing it as a broad effort to strengthen Massachusetts through investments in housing, small businesses, public higher education, AI guardrails, downtown revitalization, and transportation. Supporters highlighted provisions allowing duplexes by right, streamlining housing permitting, expanding access to capital, addressing energy costs, and creating a transparency and safety framework for artificial intelligence. Several senators also spoke in favor of regional equity, including a proposal tied to West-East Passenger Rail and a Palmer station, and the bill was framed as a way to make the Commonwealth more competitive and affordable. The minority leader argued the bill did not do enough to address the state’s high cost of living and business climate, citing debt, tax burden, outmigration, and recession risk. He said the Commonwealth needed to focus more on lowering the cost of doing business and living rather than relying on additional borrowing. Other amendments focused on consumer protection and fairness, including a measure to regulate or ban crypto ATMs due to widespread scam losses, and another to address auto insurance pricing practices that were described as unfairly burdening drivers in low-income and minority communities. A technical amendment clarifying durable powers of attorney and trust creation was also adopted. The Senate adopted several amendments, including municipal property tax relief, the crypto ATM consumer protection measure, and the insurance commission amendment, and also adopted the technical trust-code amendment. The chamber approved a number of local and final passage items by roll call, including land transfers and local bills for the North Carver Water District, Marion land transfer, Carlisle town administrator powers, Leominster police civil service exemptions, Watertown property tax classifications, and Milton alcohol licenses. The Senate also observed moments of silence and adopted adjournment motions in memory of Patrick P.J. Roy and Jeffrey Hyde Walker before recessing until the next day.
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Rules Committee May 6th, 2026

Rules

Transcript Highlights:
  • I believe I can say that these are top priorities for all of us at the board: water use efficiency standards
  • So we've been using that mandatory authority that you've provided us.
  • , that puts us on a path of success.
  • use plan.
  • But the important thing for us to recognize in that is how can we use historically available data to
Keywords: 987, senate, all