Transcript Highlights:

• So, at least do the math, Bailey.
• So, at least do the math, Bailey.
• >> So, at least do the math, Bailey. Um, >> So, at least do the math, Bailey.
• So, at least do the math, Bailey.
• Miss math, but anyway, just right around 4%. >> Anyway.

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Uh, they're not being successful in learning to read and do math because maybe they're not inspired by
• c> because<00:55:33.839> maybe<00:55:34.000> they're<00:55:34.160> not do math
• and they disengage when they're 16 or graduate and are unable to be competently reading and doing math
• and they disengage when they're 16 or graduate and are unable to be competently reading and doing math
• and they disengage when they're 16 or graduate and are unable to be competently reading and doing math

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• And she was a math teacher in the elementary school, I think, teaching around third, fourth grade.
• And she was a math teacher in the elementary school, I think, teaching around third, fourth grade.
• It was not only their ag class, but it was also their math class that they were getting credit for.
• I'll just kind of do the math, but staff recruitment and retention is very important.
• I'll just kind of do the math, but staff recruitment and retention is very important.

Keywords: Meeting Start 00:00:00 Attendance Roll Call 00:01:00 Approval of Minutes 00:02:31 Kentucky Farm Bureau 00:02:42 Kentucky Department of Agriculture 00:28:18 Kentucky Cattlemen's Association 01:48:13, 958, all

Summary: The committee heard first from Kentucky Farm Bureau leaders, who outlined the organization’s current priorities and recent work on farmland transition. Eddie Melton said Farm Bureau is working through 983 county and advisory committee resolutions and highlighted support for the updated selling farmer tax credit, now law through House Bill 775, as well as Senate Bill 28’s agriculture economic development provisions. He said Farm Bureau’s likely priorities include maintaining the 50% share of the tobacco settlement fund for agriculture, protecting funding for the Kentucky Department of Agriculture, preserving sales tax exemptions on farm inputs, keeping property taxes controlled, and exploring additional tools to keep farmland in active farmers’ hands, including possible loan or inheritance-tax changes. He also raised concerns about eminent domain transparency, nuisance deer permits, and access to agricultural inputs and crop protection products. Alita Bots described the farmland transition initiative in more detail, saying the revised state tax credit is generating strong interest and that a new federal tax provision now allows eligible land sales to actively engaged farmers to spread capital gains taxes over time. She said the initiative has reached 22 counties and more than 1,300 people this year through outreach and meetings, and that Farm Bureau is pairing policy work with resources to help farm families plan transitions and prepare wills and other estate documents. Drew Graham added that the effort is also meant to bridge the rural-urban divide and support rural communities, and Farm Bureau invited members to its annual meeting in early December. Members asked about rising insurance costs and deer damage. Farm Bureau representatives said severe convective storms, inflation, and higher repair and material costs have driven insurance rate increases, citing five major storm events since 2021 and a recent Owensboro hailstorm that caused about $350 million in losses; they said the company is moving toward percentage deductibles to help moderate increases. On deer, they said crop-loss totals are hard to quantify but acknowledged the problem and discussed possible coordination with the Department of Fish and Wildlife and Hunters for the Hungry. Commissioner Jonathan Shell then began the Department of Agriculture presentation, reporting gains from the department’s school agriculture outreach program, including a 23% increase in county participation between March and September and improved teacher-reported student learning, before continuing into the department’s legislative priorities.

Transcript Highlights:

• And in serving on Finance, Charlie's got a really, really good math mind.
• And in serving on Finance, Charlie's got a really, really good math mind.
• I think his career has been in math.

Keywords: 994, senate, all

Summary: The Senate took up a series of House amendments and conference-related actions on multiple bills, mostly concurring with the House and passing the measures. Bills approved included SB 194 on the disabled veteran taxpayer definition, SB 499 on auto accident toxicology testing, SB 672 on Real Estate Commission license discipline, SB 724 on home confinement officers and EMS retirement, SB 897 on alcohol and drug counselor licensure, SB 982 creating the Neighborhood Access Road Program, SB 197 increasing penalties for sex crimes against minors, SB 648 on the Strategic and Critical Resources Act, SB 182 on minor boundary adjustment annexation, SB 5101 on strangulation penalties, SB 4364 on juvenile offender bail/counsel provisions, SB 4412 on age verification for websites, SB 5564 on deputy sheriff vacation carryover, SB 4138 on sex offender registration fees, SB 4951 on continuing education for MDs and DOs, SB 4 on officer protections, and SB 927 on agricultural rulemaking and municipal regulation of beekeeping. In several cases the Senate also adopted effective-date motions, including making SB 724 effective July 1, 2026 and SB 648 effective from passage. The chamber also handled a disagreement on House Bill 4588, refusing to recede from its amendment and appointing a conference committee. On SB 389, the Senate refused to concur in the House amendment and asked the House to recede after the House amendment stripped operative provisions from the historic rehab building credit bill. SB 182 was briefly reconsidered and then passed again after a motion to reconsider the vote. A major portion of the meeting was devoted to adopting Senate Resolution 67 honoring Senator Michael Andrew Woelfel and Senate Resolution 68 honoring Senator Charles Houston Clements. Members from both parties gave extended remarks praising Woelfel’s candor, mentorship, and long service, and Clements’s steadiness, institutional knowledge, and public service. Both resolutions were adopted by roll call vote, and the Senate then recessed briefly to present the honorees with resolutions and flags flown over the Capitol.

Transcript Highlights:

• So the changes in workforce participation changes the math and may make that...
• In that calculation, the changes in workforce participation change the math and may make that rate a
• We're just anticipating that when we get to that September 30th and do the math, it will likely be more

Summary: The committee heard a report on the Underground Economy Task Force in Washington’s construction industry. Labor and Industries said the task force, created by a 2024 budget proviso, met 11 times and developed consensus recommendations to improve enforcement against worker misclassification, unregistered contractors, and unpaid taxes and premiums. Consensus items included defining and regulating construction labor providers, improving interagency data sharing, increasing penalties for repeat offenders, expanding L&I authority over successor accountability, reviewing agency penalty rules, and exploring tracking of cash payments. Majority-but-not-consensus ideas included posting subcontractor notices at job sites, setting an independent-contractor threshold that would trigger L&I review, holding direct contractors liable for unpaid wages owed by subcontractors, and reviewing reporting requirements. Testifiers from labor, business, and the Attorney General’s Office generally supported stronger enforcement and transparency, while business representatives cautioned against overregulation and said any new rules should avoid burdening legitimate contractors or restricting lawful cash payments and independent contracting. L&I said the final report would be distributed by December 31 and the task force work group would be reconvened. The committee then reviewed the wage recovery work group report. L&I explained current wage complaint procedures and said the work group, made up of labor and business representatives, reached five consensus recommendations: allow L&I to prioritize wage complaints strategically, permit aggregation of related complaints, raise the minimum penalty under the Wage Payment Act from $1,000 to $1,500 and create a penalty matrix, improve employer awareness with materials for new hires, and establish a wage recovery fund. The fund would be seeded by penalties, would not require new employer assessments, and would allow limited early payments to eligible workers facing hardship, with a proposed cap of $2,500 and a later review of the program. Business and labor representatives both supported the overall framework, though business raised concerns about fraud safeguards and recovery of funds if a claim is later found invalid. Members also received an overview of Washington’s apprenticeship system. L&I described the state’s apprenticeship agency structure, the Washington State Apprenticeship and Training Council, and the difference between Washington’s state apprenticeship standards and the federal Office of Apprenticeship system. The presentation highlighted current participation levels, program approval and objection processes, and strong post-completion outcomes, including median annual earnings above $100,000 and an estimated $7.80 return for every public dollar invested. Committee members asked about how apprentices apply, how sponsors work with L&I, and whether recurring objections could be addressed earlier in the process. Finally, the committee heard updates on wildland firefighter respiratory protection, federal cuts to NIOSH, and economic and federal policy impacts on unemployment insurance and workforce services. L&I said wildland firefighters face significant smoke exposure and cancer risk, but current rules do not require respiratory protection for that work because of technical and operational challenges; the agency is watching efforts in other jurisdictions and at the federal level. On NIOSH, L&I warned that federal staffing and grant cuts could weaken occupational safety research, training pipelines, and programs affecting Washington workers, including firefighter cancer tracking and Hanford exposure assessments. ESD reported rising UI claims, a stable unemployment rate, and pressure on the trust fund, while also describing technology and process changes that have improved claims handling. ESD also said HR1 will significantly increase demand on WorkSource services through new work-search requirements for SNAP and Medicaid recipients, creating an unfunded mandate that the agency is preparing to implement with partner agencies.

Transcript Highlights:

• And I'll leave you to do the math about how much money Abbott is willing to spend pushing voter registration
• I'm a math teacher, and my elementary students can tell you that those numbers aren't right.
• It has really changed the math on whether or not you're going to vote for this again.

Keywords: 1185, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• You have certain, you got math, you got literacy, you got to meet proficiency.
• You have certain, you got math, you got literacy, you got to meet proficiency.
• I wanted to pose a really quick math problem to you all before I close.

Summary: The committee first took up PCS for HB 123, which would change the process for converting a public school to a charter school by requiring approval from a majority of parents at the school, allow municipalities to apply to convert certain schools under limited circumstances, and address surplus school property in districts with declining enrollment. The sponsor said the bill is meant to give parents the primary say and to prevent districts from holding unused property. Opponents, including the Florida PTA, several members, and public speakers, argued the bill excludes teachers, school boards, and other stakeholders, could disenfranchise parents who do not live in the municipality, and could create enrollment, transportation, and equity problems. After debate, the bill passed 13-5 and was reported favorably. The committee then heard HB 597 on diabetes management in schools. The bill would allow school districts and charter schools to procure and store glucagon pens for emergency treatment of severe hypoglycemia, permit trained personnel to administer them, require 911 to be called after use, and add limited liability protections. The sponsor said the medication is inexpensive and could save lives for the roughly 7,000 diabetic K-12 students in Florida. An amendment clarified that public and charter schools are both covered. The bill drew support from the American Diabetes Association, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the Florida PTA, and members from both parties praised the measure. It passed unanimously and was reported favorably. Finally, the committee heard HB 85 on hazardous walking conditions, which would add walking along freeways, expressways, and their ramps as a hazardous condition requiring bus service for elementary students within two miles of school. The sponsor described personal examples of children walking near dangerous roads and said the bill is intended to prevent injuries and deaths. An amendment narrowed the language by deleting “state highway.” Public testimony included a parent who described her child being hit by a car and urged broader coverage, while members raised concerns about bus shortages and fiscal impact. Most members spoke in support, emphasizing student safety, and the bill was reported favorably after debate.

Transcript Highlights:

• of getting back to basics by removing divisive concepts from the classroom and really focusing on math
• is, and I'm sure that Kerry is going to harp on this, but if we can get those students prepared in math
• It's monitoring progress in our emergent literacy and early math skills.

Summary: The Pre-K through 12 Budget Subcommittee held its first interim meeting, took roll, and established a quorum. Members introduced themselves, many noting backgrounds in education, school boards, local government, or parenting, and Chair Jenna Persons-Mulicka outlined the committee’s goal of building the fiscal year 2025-26 Pre-K-12 budget. She also reviewed the fiscal year 2024-25 education budget, noting that the Pre-K-12 portion totals about $21 billion, with the Florida Education Finance Program (FEFP) as the largest driver, along with major funding for VPK, school readiness, and school recognition. She explained that federal COVID relief funds have ended and that recent school choice legislation has affected budget structure. Commissioner Manny Diaz and department leaders then gave overviews of their divisions. Diaz highlighted Florida’s education rankings, record graduation rate, progress monitoring, expanded school choice participation, charter school growth, and teacher salary investments, while emphasizing a focus on literacy, math, and early learning. Carrie Miller described the Division of Early Learning’s school readiness and VPK programs, their funding, eligibility, accountability systems, and the importance of kindergarten readiness. Paul Burns outlined the Division of Public Schools’ work on educator quality, literacy, standards, certification, family outreach, federal programs, and school improvement. Suzanne Pridgen reviewed finance and operations functions, including budget management, FEFP calculations, grants, procurement, transportation, and emergency management. Adam Emerson described parental choice programs, including scholarships, charter schools, schools of hope, virtual education, and home education. Darren Norris detailed the Office of Safe Schools’ responsibilities for risk assessments, compliance inspections, threat management, grants, and training created after the Marjory Stoneman Douglas tragedy. Members asked questions about several issues, including whether the Safe Schools office recommends changes to the school safety grant distribution formula, whether early learning eligibility should shift from federal poverty level to state median income, how scholarship payments are verified to avoid funding students who return to public school, and whether daily attendance systems could improve funding accuracy. Other questions addressed hurricane-related survey disruptions, VPK provider reimbursement rates and instructional hours, teacher salary increases, school start time costs, and how voucher schools handle IEP accommodations. Department officials generally said some issues remain under review, supported moving school readiness eligibility to SMI, noted that scholarship and enrollment data are cross-checked and adjusted when needed, and said progress monitoring now helps schools support mobile students. On school safety, officials said exemptions are allowed in statute for some items but not for classroom doors, and that district-specific conditions matter. No votes were taken and no formal actions were reported beyond receiving presentations and discussion.

Transcript Highlights:

• and distinguishes between authorization for organ donation after death and consent for medical interventions
• determinations of whether we think the process is working and whether there is a need for some type of interventions
• And is there a need for some type of interventions? Yes, sir. Absolutely.
• actually loosens that loophole and allows a minor to go and get those, again, liability-free medical interventions

Bills: SB57, SB405, HB62, HB193, HB203, HB222, HB246, HB420, HB475, HB486, HB574, HB584, HB815, HB949, HB1092, HB1214

Keywords: SB 57, Act 735, Act 463, nutrition, public health, food additives, artificial colors, banned chemicals, ingredient labeling, food labeling, FDA, food and beverage regulation, consumer disclosure, school nutrition, Louisiana Revised Statutes Title 40, Louisiana Revised Statutes Title 17, food manufacturers, food retailers, compliance, effective date delay

Transcript Highlights:

• Um, it takes a lot of time and resources just to gear up to file an intervention if one's needed.
• Um, it takes a lot of time and resources just to gear up to file an intervention if one's needed.
• Um, it takes a lot of time and resources just to gear up to file an intervention if one's needed.
• Chicken Rescue, and I am pleading with the state to partner with us, not punish compassionate intervention

Bills: HB1979

Keywords: environmental review, affordable housing, clean energy, judicial proceedings, public participation, Hawaii Revised Statutes, 912, senate, all

Summary: The committee heard testimony on HB 1979 HD3, which would shorten the time to file certain judicial challenges to environmental assessments and environmental impact statements for affordable housing and clean energy projects, and would also affect transfer of some environmental court appeals to the Supreme Court. The Office of Planning and Sustainable Development supported the amended bill, saying the changes were improved from earlier versions and that the shorter filing period was reasonable for these priority projects. Hawaii Gas asked that the bill’s clean energy definition be broadened to align with existing renewable energy law so emerging technologies like renewable hydrogen and renewable gas would be included. Kauai Island Utility Co-op and Greenpeace Hawaii testified in support and opposition, respectively, with supporters arguing the bill would reduce litigation uncertainty and opponents saying the shorter deadline would limit public participation and not solve the real causes of project delays. Opposition testimony came from the Office of Hawaiian Affairs, Earthjustice, Sierra Club, 350 Hawaii, and others, who argued the bill could chill legitimate public-interest claims, especially where there is limited public notice, and that environmental review was being unfairly blamed for delays caused by permitting, financing, or infrastructure problems. Several speakers said the measure would reduce transparency and make it harder for communities to respond in time. One testifier from Earthjustice said the environmental review process itself is not the problem and should not be weakened for projects that still need public disclosure and community engagement. The committee then moved to decision-making and, citing the volume of opposition and concerns about public participation, transparency, and whether the bill would actually improve timelines, the chair deferred HB 1979 HD3 indefinitely. The hearing was adjourned after the vote decision was announced. The transcript then shifted to HB 2585, relating to tourism and statewide standards for agritourism. Testimony was mixed: farmers and agricultural groups described agritourism as essential to keeping small farms and ranches viable, while also urging safeguards so it would not be abused or displace real agricultural production. Some speakers warned the bill’s revenue-based limits could unintentionally shut down existing farm stays and related operations, especially in Maui County. The Hawaii Farm Bureau said it supported the intent but wanted clearer protections for bona fide agriculture and more flexibility around revenue requirements and force majeure situations. The discussion was still underway when the transcript ended.

Transcript Highlights:

• There've been contested case interventions and proceedings there, and they've been adjusted on that basis
• There've been contested case interventions and proceedings there, and they've been adjusted on that basis
• There've been contested case interventions and proceedings there.
• There've been contested case interventions and proceedings there, and they've been adjusted on that basis

Bills: HB0116, HB0056

Keywords: water rights, beneficial use, industrial production, hydrogen, applications, public welfare, carbon capture, energy standards, public utilities, environmental regulation, state law, 916, all

Transcript Highlights:

• It's a great intervention to intervene in poverty-driven health challenges.
• It's a great intervention<00:19:06.160> uh<00:19:06.559> to<00:19:07.440> uh<00:
• 19:07.520> intervene<00:19:07.919> in intervention uh to uh intervene in intervention uh

Bills: HB1877, HB2006, HB2167, HB2224, HB1626, HB1690, HB2012

Keywords: LGBTQ+ rights, commission membership, representation, youth involvement, Hawaii legislation, child well-being, financial support, expectant mothers, Hawaii Rx kids program, economic stability, youth homelessness, financial assistance, housing instability, emergency services, transitioning youth, Medicaid, pharmaceutical benefits, human services, healthcare access, public funds

Summary: The committee heard testimony on HB 1877, which would expand the membership of the Hawaii State LGBTQ+ Commission and add a youth seat. The commission’s vice chair supported the bill, saying the commission started with eight members, has growing interest, and would benefit from an odd-numbered board and youth representation. Members asked about quorum, and the commission said it has generally met monthly with only one quorum issue in the past 18–19 months and would work with legislative leaders to have appointments ready if the bill passes. Written testimony included support from Kokopac and one individual in opposition. The committee then took up HB 2006, which would create a cash assistance program for pregnant women and mothers of babies. The Department of Human Services explained current TANF rules, including eligibility requirements, child support cooperation, and work-program participation, and said the state has recently raised benefit levels to the maximum allowed, with a family of three or four receiving a little over $900 per month. Supporters from the Hawaii Public Health Institute, Hawaii Children’s Action Network Speaks, and others argued the bill could reduce child poverty and improve maternal and child health, citing evidence from Michigan’s Rx Kids program and the temporary federal child tax credit expansion. A mother and Oahu Youth Action Board member testified from personal experience about the need for direct support during pregnancy. The committee also noted support from several organizations and about 26 individuals. The committee next heard HB 2167, which would direct the Office of Youth Services to run a pilot program providing financial assistance to homeless youth. The Office of the Public Defender, youth advocates, and several organizations supported the measure, saying even small amounts of help can prevent homelessness and help youth transition safely to adulthood. The Office of Youth Services said it supports the intent of the bill but requested clarification, and committee members discussed whether the program should be run directly or through contracted community agencies, how to set performance metrics, and how to structure the RFP and contract process. The chair indicated the committee wanted to work with the vice chair and OYS offline to refine the bill before moving forward. The committee then began discussion of HB 2224, relating to Medicaid pharmacy benefit management, with testimony generally supporting giving DHS flexibility to negotiate with PBMs.

Transcript Highlights:

• Without those identifiers, crucial health intervention may be delayed, and then the newborn may be at
• without those identifiers, crucial So without those identifiers, crucial health<00:20:58.320> intervention
• > may<00:20:59.600> be<00:20:59.840> delayed<00:21:00.799> and health intervention
• may be delayed and health intervention may be delayed and then<00:21:01.280> the<00:21:01.440

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• service officers, the CVSOs, to focus on three groups of veterans that need some extra specialized interventions
• 00:30:56.240> uh that need some extra specialized uh that need some extra specialized uh interventions
• c> Those<00:30:57.840> are<00:30:58.159> women<00:30:58.480> veterans interventions
• Those are women veterans interventions.

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• We've been coming to the legislature for over two decades now asking for intervention and each and every
• 00:04:47.199> now<00:04:47.600> asking<00:04:47.919> for<00:04:48.160> intervention
• two decades now asking for intervention two decades now asking for intervention and<00:04:49.040

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• I have undergone both surgery, radiation, and chemical intervention to prevent cancer or treat cancer
• radiation have undergone both surgery radiation and<00:03:21.080> chemical<00:03:21.680> intervention
• <00:03:22.319> to<00:03:22.879> uh<00:03:23.040> prevent and chemical intervention
• to uh prevent and chemical intervention to uh prevent cancer<00:03:23.879> or<00:03:24.080>

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• that has done groundwork or recently can talk to us about what DCF would, if there would be an intervention
• > be<00:10:06.680> an DCF would if there would be an DCF would if there would be an intervention
• 07.519> what<00:10:07.640> would<00:10:07.800> happen<00:10:08.079> in intervention
• or what would happen in intervention or what would happen in that case<00:10:17.760> good<00:

Keywords: 928, house, all

Summary: The subcommittee met on House Bill 553, which concerns the definitions of child abuse and neglect in RSA 169-C, including psychological maltreatment and the rebuttable presumption of harm. The chair and members emphasized that the bill is intended to clarify definitions rather than create punishments, and they discussed concerns that had arisen after the bill’s earlier drafting. Representative Eimon stated his view that the bill is constitutional, citing case law, and members noted that amendment 114 would restore language refined by the prior study committee and address trauma-informed wording, especially around substance use disorder and newborns. A major portion of the discussion focused on whether the bill could be read to treat ordinary parental discipline or disagreements with a child—such as grounding, taking away car keys or a phone, or refusing gender-affirming care—as abuse or neglect. DCF Deputy Director Jen Ross explained that screeners look at the nature of the allegation and whether the parent’s conduct is likely to cause serious psychological or emotional harm; she said routine discipline or prudent parenting would not be screened in, while persistent ridiculing, terrorizing, bullying, isolating, threats, or similar conduct could qualify. She also said that denial of gender-affirming care, by itself, would not be treated as neglect, but the agency would consider the full context and any resulting harm or need for mental health care. DCF General Counsel Susan Larby added that the legislature’s earlier definition of psychological maltreatment and related policy already focus on pervasive emotionally abusive behavior, and that the bill is meant to make the statute more understandable and transparent, not to change the core neglect standard. She and other speakers said the goal is to identify serious harm and provide services, not to remove children for ordinary parental decisions. Lisa Massio of the Office of the Child Advocate said the bill and related placement language are intended to preserve family unity and fill gaps where courts have interpreted neglect too narrowly or inconsistently. Members also discussed a proposed concise analysis from Representative Maral and asked about CPSW qualifications and training; DCF said staff generally have backgrounds in human services, social work, psychology, or education and receive a 12-week Core Academy on policy, law, investigations, and family engagement. No vote was taken in the portion provided, and members indicated they wanted to continue refining the amendment before sending anything to the Office of Legislative Services.

Transcript Highlights:

• I was trying to do quick math to give a percentage breakdown, but roughly of the dollars that go out
• I was trying to do quick math to give a percentage breakdown, but roughly of the dollars that go out
• I was trying to do quick math to give a percentage breakdown, but roughly of the dollars that go out
• I was trying to do quick math to give a I was trying to do quick math to give a percentage<00:20:15.760
• loss of federal funding, we would know what that actual dollar amount would be, and we can do the math

Bills: HF3425

Keywords: supportive housing, grants, housing assistance, funding, Minnesota Statutes, 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• ><00:37:23.680> idea<00:37:24.680> that's<00:37:24.839> more<00:37:25.119> math
• happens I have no idea that's more math happens I have no idea that's more math than<00:37:25.680
• So I did this math once, and it was like, I don't want to say the wrong number, but it was like if it
• fund so<00:42:57.920> I<00:42:58.040> did<00:42:58.280> this<00:42:58.520> math
• > and<00:42:59.160> it<00:42:59.280> was<00:42:59.559> like so I did this math

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• about the schools not keeping, not educating the students so that they are meeting the criteria for math
• 11:56.480> for that they are meeting the criteria for that they are meeting the criteria for math
• c> criteria<01:11:58.000> for<01:11:58.320> English<01:11:58.800> reading math
• , the criteria for English reading math, the criteria for English reading and<01:11:59.440> everything
• and The protocol saw reduced cravings and avoided costly emergency room visits and medical interventions

Keywords: 1191, senate, all