Video & Transcript Research : 'learning year program'

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MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Committee on Education Finance - 03/10/26

Education Finance

Transcript Highlights:
  • in the next school year. in the next school year.
  • Students lose up to a half a year of learning for every one teacher turnover.
  • Students learn up to a student learning.
  • :41:58.600> of half lose up to a half a year of half lose up to a half a year of learning<00:41
  • we can learn.
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • I mean, I'm trying to show you have a program to learn, to be able to make a reason because of this program
  • I'm here in strong support of continued funding for the CWOP program for the next five years.
  • CWOP has been vital to our program, training 200 community members each year for the past five years,
  • I am 33 years old, a justice-involved individual and currently a program intern at CROP.
  • I am 33 years old, a justice-involved individual and currently a program intern at CROP.
Summary: The Budget Subcommittee on State Administration heard presentations on the Department of Industrial Relations’ labor-related budget items, with the main focus on proposed trailer bill language to reform the Subsequent Injury Benefits Trust Fund (SIBTF) and a related budget change proposal for staffing. DIR said SIBTF has grown far beyond its original purpose, citing the 2020 Todd decision, expanded eligibility based on chronic or asymptomatic conditions, and a backlog that has grown to more than 30,000 pending cases. The administration argued the reforms would restore guardrails, reduce liabilities and employer assessments, and speed processing for severely injured workers; the LAO said the proposal was largely consistent with its prior recommendations. Members raised concerns about using trailer bill language for major policy changes, the retroactive application to open cases, and the impact on workers already in the queue, while supporters from employer groups and public agencies backed the proposal as necessary to control costs and restore sustainability. Public comment was split, with injured-worker advocates opposing the retroactive changes and business/public employer representatives supporting the reforms. The committee then heard the SIBTF workload request, which would phase in 177 positions over five years at a cost of $36.5 million, including staff for the Division of Workers’ Compensation, the Office of the Director Legal Unit, and administrative support. DIR said the additional staffing is intended to address very high caseloads and reduce processing times, but emphasized that the request assumes the reform package is adopted; LAO agreed the staffing increase made sense if paired with reforms. Members asked about vacancy rates, current staffing, and whether the workload request would become the new normal, and DIR said it would monitor caseload trends and adjust future requests as needed. Finally, the committee received an update on the California Workplace Outreach Program (CWOP), which DIR described as a partnership with community-based organizations to educate workers and help employers comply with labor laws. DIR reported that CWOP has reached 1.75 million workers and employers and made 8 million touchpoints since 2020, with the current round awarding $50.7 million to 87 partners for a two-year period through June 2027. Members and public commenters highlighted the program’s role in reaching immigrant, farmworker, janitorial, nail salon, and other vulnerable communities, and several speakers urged continued funding at $30 million per year for five years. No votes were taken during the hearing.
MN

Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session

Committee on Health and Human Services - 04/02/25

Health and Human Services

Transcript Highlights:
  • So last year we delayed implementation of that for two years.
  • <00:10:57.440> uh getting something done last year uh getting something done last year uh
  • The number killed each year often mirrors the number of children dying of cancer in Minnesota each year
  • assistance for three additional years assistance for three additional years upon<00:21:35.480>
  • <00:54:22.960> to an average of seven to eight years to an average of seven to eight years
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
NM
Transcript Highlights:
  • I'm proud to say that the RPSC funds for this year, 140,000 for the teleaudiology program, went extremely
  • Thank you so much for joining us this last year for all of our statewide programs.
  • The program has been supported for about 31 years through federal funding.
  • So yeah, we've learned a lot. The Forest Service has learned a lot over the years.
  • year, along with the program description.
Keywords: 996, all
MN

Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session

Committee on Education Policy - 04/02/25

Education Policy

Transcript Highlights:
  • I learn a lot in your committee. It's nice to continue to learn as an adult.
  • <00:20:17.799> language uh our youngest motans learn language uh our youngest motans learn
  • She also noted that next year is a policy year, not a finance year, and suggested they could work on
  • <00:36:57.359> um next year is a policy year and maybe um next year is a policy year and maybe
  • <00:59:05.400> but<00:59:05.640> again two years ago or last year but again two years
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
VT

Vermont 2025-2026 Regular Session

Caucus of the Whole - State of the Guard - 2026-02-19 - 9:00AM

Vermont House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • They learn discipline, purpose.
  • > come<00:21:37.600> with They learn that rights come with They learn that rights come with
  • through our state partnership program through our state partnership program partners,<00:27:16.000
  • ,<00:27:57.919> working North Macedonia for 34 years, working North Macedonia for 34 years
  • the past seven years. the past seven years.
Keywords: 926, house, all
Summary: The caucus of the whole was held as the annual State of the Guard address, featuring Adjutant General Gregory Knight’s remarks to legislators and guests. Knight said this would likely be his final address before retirement and thanked Gold Star families, military survivors, Governor Phil Scott, honorary commanders, legislative leaders, his family, and many Guard and community partners. He emphasized that the Vermont National Guard is a civic institution, not just a military force, and said its strength depends on a strong relationship with the legislature. Knight reviewed several priorities and accomplishments, including regular transparency updates to the governor, legislature, congressional delegation, and force; the creation of the Vermont National Guard and Veterans Caucus; and legislation supporting education, workforce development, benefits, and service members’ families. He highlighted recruiting and retention efforts, including the Prime employer partnership program, which he said now has 40 employer partners and 24 more pending, and argued that Vermont can attract and retain service members by connecting military experience to civilian jobs and education opportunities. He also discussed organizational climate improvements, mental health and prevention staffing, and the need for more providers who accept military patients and Tricare, noting the Howard Center and other health centers are expanding military and veteran care. The address also covered the Guard’s broader role in emergency response, citizenship, diversity, and international partnerships. Knight described recent deployments and state responses to COVID-19, flooding, and other emergencies, explained Guard duty statuses and called for congressional reform to simplify them, and outlined state partnership work with Austria, North Macedonia, and Senegal, as well as related educational and economic initiatives. He recognized numerous Guard members, recruiters, fiscal staff, media partners, and outside collaborators for their contributions. No votes were taken. The meeting concluded with Speaker recognition of Knight’s service and an announcement that the caucus had ended and the House would gavel in shortly afterward.
VT

Vermont 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Session - 2026-02-17 - 9:30AM

Vermont Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • um snowplow program. So um that's it. um snowplow program. So um that's it.
  • I just want to clarify that this is a voluntary program, and as people go through the program and learn
  • voluntary program? voluntary program?
  • So part of what this program would do is help municipalities learn and and private contractors learn
  • help what this program would do is help municipalities<00:42:35.520> learn<00:42:36.000> and
Keywords: 927, senate, all
HI

Hawaii 2025 Regular Session

EDU Public Hearing 03-19-2025

Education

Transcript Highlights:
  • programs, workforce housing, and any public school development planning and construction assigned by
  • authority over those programs.
  • kindergarten and preschool programs kindergarten and preschool programs includes<00:08:09.319>
  • repair and maintenance of those programs repair and maintenance of those programs on<00:08:13.159
  • Thank you. with the state to expand Early Learning with the state to expand Early Learning opportunities
Keywords: 912, senate, all
HI

Hawaii 2025 Regular Session

House Chamber - Wed Apr 30, 2025, 9:00AM HST - Day 59

Hawaii House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • This program will help two years.
  • programs, helping to ensure that students have equitable access to robust summer learning programs that
  • :31:16.600> programs, 41,980,000 for summer learning programs, 41,980,000 for summer learning
  • > specific learning programs that address specific learning programs that address specific needs<
  • We can go back over the years and years and years.
Keywords: 910, house, all
NH

New Hampshire 2026 Regular Session

Senate Education Finance (02/12/2026)

Education Finance

Transcript Highlights:
  • Senator, Senator, Senator, that we pass on consent last year. that we pass on consent last year. that
  • then they've got to learn the business. then they've got to learn the business.
  • I say after 3 years, if you don't years.
  • So she might have had a three-year or two-year certification.
  • So she might have had a three-year or two-year certification.
Keywords: 1191, senate, all
NH

New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session

Senate Education (04/10/2025)

Education

Transcript Highlights:
  • Last year, we heard testimony that this would impact students and even adults wanting to learn about
  • Last year, we heard testimony that this would impact students and even adults wanting to learn about
  • Last year, we heard testimony that this would impact students and even adults wanting to learn about
  • . program. program.
  • this year.
Keywords: 1191, senate, all
AZ

Arizona 2026 Regular Session

01/28/2026 - House International Trade

International Trade

Transcript Highlights:
  • I have staffed the Education Committee for the past three years, but this is my very first year on the
  • I have staffed the Education Committee for the past three years, but this is my very first year on the
  • the produce industries, to learn about the logistics, to learn more about the construction industry.
  • So that severely impacts our ability to expand and provide other training programs or educational programs
  • It's a three-semester program, and we said, well, can we cut that down and make it a two-semester program
Keywords: 1182, all
Summary: The House Committee on International Trade held its first meeting of the year, with members introducing themselves and the chair emphasizing Arizona’s role in foreign relations, especially with Mexico. The committee then heard presentations from the Nogales-Santa Cruz County Chamber of Commerce and related local partners about the region’s importance as a trade, tourism, agriculture, logistics, and mining corridor. Chamber representatives described efforts to support small businesses with bilingual resources, digital and procurement assistance, entrepreneurship training, Google certificates, and workforce development tied to the South32 mine and other emerging industries. They also highlighted tourism promotion efforts to counter negative perceptions of Nogales, noting increased online engagement and stronger visitor activity. Members asked about state and federal improvements that could help trade, and witnesses said the top needs were infrastructure upgrades, especially roads and port-of-entry access, along with more pedestrian-friendly crossings and housing to retain workers. The Santa Cruz County Provisional Community College District described its unusual provisional status, its contract with Pima College, and the challenge of limited spending authority despite expected revenue growth from mining. The college said it is expanding workforce training, especially in AI, advanced manufacturing, trades, and ESL support, and is working toward eventual accreditation. The committee also heard from cattle industry representatives from Cattlemex, T4 Ranch, and J.M. Fletcher Cattle Co. They urged the reopening of the U.S.-Mexico border to live cattle imports, arguing that Sonoran cattle are safe, traceable, and vital to Arizona’s economy and the national beef supply. Witnesses said the New World screwworm-related border closure has reduced imports, raised beef prices, hurt feedlots and packing plants, and shifted cattle trade to other states. They asked lawmakers to advocate with USDA for a Sonora-specific reopening and to support Arizona’s livestock infrastructure and grazing lands. No bills were heard and no votes were taken.
HI

Hawaii 2025 Regular Session

Senate Floor Session 03-18-2025 11:30am

Hawaii Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • We have the auto program instructor, Ethan Quan, as well as vice principals Carlos Ramirez and Andre
  • Smith, and from the Honolulu Community College Diesel Technology Program, Professor Bobby Salva.
  • the a high school auto program the a high school auto program instructor<00:02:36.040> Ethan<
  • a year early to head to the University of Hawaiʻi on a full ride.
  • a year early to head to the University of Hawaiʻi on a full ride.
Keywords: 912, senate, all
MA

Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session

Joint Committee on Financial Services Jun 21st, 2026 at 10:30 am

Joint Committee on Financial Services

Transcript Highlights:
  • $100 a year. $100 a year?
  • For being here year after year and for telling us your personal journey.
  • It took me about six months to a year to get into a program where I was able to actually work with a
  • program.
  • This program provided my prosthetics for 15 years. During those 15 years, I was pretty active.
Keywords: 995, all
Summary: The hearing opened with the Senate and House chairs of the Joint Committee on Financial Services explaining that the day’s agenda would focus on health insurance and other insurance matters, with a large number of witnesses and a request for brief testimony. Legislators were taken out of order to accommodate their schedules, and the committee heard testimony on several bills, including coverage for hair prostheses for alopecia (H. 1223/S. 832), medically necessary oral and dental care for head and neck cancer survivors (H. 1258), modernizing fertility and family-building coverage (H. 715/H. 1190 and related bills), coverage for prosthetic devices to support physical activity for people with limb loss (the “So Everybody Can Move” bill), remediation coverage for home heating oil releases (S. 813/H. 1302), and expanded access to physical therapy for Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (H. 1170). A separate bill on sickle cell care and registry development (S. 788) was also discussed by Senator Liz Miranda. Witnesses largely offered personal stories and expert testimony in support of the bills. Advocates for alopecia coverage described the medical and emotional impact of hair loss, the high cost of quality wigs, and the argument that scalp and facial hair prostheses should be treated like other medically necessary prosthetics. Cancer survivors and supporters of H. 1258 said oral and dental care after head and neck cancer treatment is a quality-of-life issue and often not covered despite major out-of-pocket costs. Fertility specialists, LGBTQ+ advocates, and legislators supporting the modern family-building bills said the current infertility definition is outdated and discriminatory, excluding same-sex couples, people needing donors or gestational carriers, and others with medical barriers to conception. For the limb-loss bill, parents and adults with prosthetic needs stressed that activity-specific prostheses are essential for children and adults to run, swim, play sports, and stay healthy, but are often excluded from coverage. The home heating oil testimony focused on the financial devastation caused by residential oil spills and the need to make spill coverage automatic in homeowners policies. Environmental professionals and homeowners described cleanup costs ranging from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of dollars, the strict liability homeowners face, and the fact that many policyholders do not know the rider exists. The insurance industry testified in opposition to the mandatory-coverage approach, arguing for clearer distinctions between first- and third-party coverage, risk-mitigation standards, a delayed effective date, and more emphasis on education and notification rather than mandates. Committee members pressed the industry witness on why agents do not routinely tell customers about the rider and suggested that the issue may require broader disclosure by insurers, agents, and fuel dealers. No votes were taken during the hearing; the committee heard testimony and discussed possible compromise language and future action.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Energy Finance and Policy Committee 1/16/25

Energy Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:
  • Has the program, Mr. Eloff, over the last couple of years, changed much?
  • Has the program, Mr. Eloff, over the last couple of years, changed much?
  • Has the program, Mr. Eloff, over the last couple of years, changed much?
  • Has the program, Mr. Eloff, over the last couple of years, changed much?
  • Has the program, Mr. Eloff, over the last couple of years, changed much?
Keywords: 1183, house
Summary: The Committee on Energy Finance and Policy met for an informational session and quorum was present, but the chair stated no action would be taken. Members and staff introduced themselves, and Chair Chris Swedzinski outlined the committee’s broad goals of improving Minnesota’s energy system for families and businesses, with an emphasis on affordability, reliability, and development. Several members echoed those priorities, especially concerns about electric reliability, base-load generation, and the needs of rural communities, co-ops, munis, farms, and small businesses. House fiscal analyst Ashley presented a budget overview for the committee’s jurisdiction. She reviewed spending and base amounts for the Energy Resources Division, the Renewable Development Fund, the Petroleum Tank Release Cleanup Fund, and the Public Utilities Commission, and explained that the committee also oversees special revenue and other accounts. She noted that the Renewable Development Fund is supported by utility payments for spent nuclear fuel storage, the cleanup fund by a petroleum distribution fee, and that the Commerce Department receives significant federal LIHEAP and weatherization funds. Members asked about the large increase in the Climate and Economic Development Fund and the status of recent appropriations; staff explained that the 2023 session set a larger target, that about $79 million had been spent from the relevant budget, and that some funds may carry forward. A substantial portion of the meeting focused on community solar gardens. Representative Dave Baker asked for an update on the program, and staff explained that Minnesota has about 1,600 megawatts of solar, with more than 900 megawatts in community solar. Staff said 2023 legislative changes capped annual additions and created new incentives for low- and middle-income participation. Members also discussed concerns about program cost, local siting opposition, and a large interconnection queue; staff said there is a backlog of projects, including a reported 56 gigawatts in the MISO queue, and that utilities need distribution upgrades to handle new capacity. No votes or formal actions were taken.
WA

Washington 2025-2026 Regular Session

JLARC I-900 Subcommittee for SAO Performance Audits Jun 4th, 2025

JLARC I-900 Subcommittee for SAO Performance Audits

Transcript Highlights:
  • Insurance intercept programs take data about people who are behind on child support payments and match
  • Collections from insurance claims have continued to rise every year since then.
  • We estimated that DCS learns about 1 in 10 insurance claims through some other method.
  • Collections from insurance claims have continued to rise every year since them.
  • We estimated that DCS learns about 1 in 10 insurance claims through some other method.
Summary: At the June 4, 2025 JLARC I-900 Subcommittee hearing, the State Auditor’s Office presented a performance audit on Washington’s child support insurance intercept law. The audit reviewed the mandatory reporting system for insurance claims tied to past-due child support, noting that collections increased after the law took effect in 2022, but that some eligible claims still are not being reported. Auditors said DCS learns about roughly 1 in 10 claims through other channels, and that insurers may miss reporting because they are unaware of the law, make administrative errors, or misunderstand the $500 threshold and timing requirements. The audit recommended that the Office of the Insurance Commissioner help educate insurers by adding information to its website and sharing insurer contact contacts with DCS, and also recommended that the Legislature amend the law to create monitoring and enforcement authority. The auditor said neither DCS nor OIC currently has authority to monitor compliance or take action against noncompliant insurers, though other states use insurance regulators or market conduct exams for this purpose. Committee members asked about possible coordinated enforcement between DSHS and OIC, which the auditor said was beyond the scope of the audit but could be considered by the Legislature. An OIC representative said the commissioner is willing to help educate insurers, post information on the OIC website, and share contact information with DSHS, and that the agency is open to further discussion. No public testimony was offered, and no votes or formal committee actions were taken at the hearing.
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • So that will go into effect, I believe, this program year.
  • And I will note that as part of our 2025 program year hospital quality assurance fee, we are increasing
  • Reduction Project or Program, and it also includes $5 million in the budget year to support the Harm
  • We do want to note that the CCS program allocations were capped approximately 10 to 15 years ago. which
  • Our second BCP is a program work-led BCP that includes 16 permanent positions and two-year resources
Keywords: 988, house, all
NH

New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session

House Ways and Means (02/04/2025)

Transcript Highlights:
  • and years.
  • and years.
  • <01:52:16.159> thank<01:52:16.360> you this year the 2025 year uh thank you this year
  • One of our current members actually attends the program for free and has been doing so for 23 years.
  • about 20 years old to 877 years about 20 years old to 877 years old<02:13:46.400> like<02
Keywords: 928, house, all
Summary: The committee held a public hearing on HB 530, a bill to increase funding for New Hampshire’s Affordable Housing Fund. Representative Jessica Lontine, the sponsor, described the state’s housing crisis, citing high rents, low vacancy, and the lack of affordable units. She said the bill would double the annual transfer-tax deposit into the fund from $5 million to $10 million, and she later presented an amendment to hold the Education Trust Fund harmless by directing the housing-fund deposit from remaining revenue after that trust fund is funded. She also explained a prospective appropriation idea tied to a possible future sale of the Laconia State School property, with the goal of supporting community housing for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Much of the testimony focused on the shortage of accessible and supportive housing for people with disabilities and aging family caregivers. Lontine, Ben Saul of Visions for Creative Housing Solutions, Lori McIntosh of Our Place NH, and Maddie Mandelbaum all described the difficulty families face in planning for adult children with disabilities as parents age or die. They emphasized that many people need not only affordable housing but accessible, supportive settings, and they argued that state investment would help nonprofit providers build such housing and prevent homelessness or inappropriate institutional placement. Several witnesses also noted that existing projects rely on capital funding and that operating revenues are limited because residents often depend on SSI and Medicaid. Committee members asked questions about the fiscal impact of the bill and amendment, including whether the proposal would shift money from the general fund or education trust fund and whether the Finance Committee should have final say over spending priorities. Lontine said she understood those concerns but argued that housing should be prioritized. Housing Action New Hampshire’s Tom Duroza also testified in support of the bill, saying the state’s housing shortage is driving record prices and vacancy rates below 1%, and that the Affordable Housing Fund has leveraged more than $500 million in private investment and helped build thousands of rental homes. He said his organization supported the underlying bill but had not yet reviewed the amendment. No vote or final action was taken at the hearing.
ND
Transcript Highlights:
  • The law technically would let you noncompetitively go to the same vendor year after year after year after
  • year.
  • So looking at this once a year, reporting on it once a year... ...looking at this once a year, reporting
  • on it once a year.
  • This was years and years. I mean, they are probably seven, eight, nine years ahead of us.
Summary: The task force approved the March 25, 2026 minutes as amended, striking language about contracting with a security vendor. Members then reviewed a draft bill on concessions procurement (LC 27.0161), which would raise the competitive solicitation threshold from $25,000 to $50,000, allow requests for proposals in addition to bids, update language for vending and merchandising machines, and clarify where concession proceeds are deposited. OMB explained the bill and said it was open to further changes, including language to address artificial fragmentation, clarify which government entities are covered, and possibly set contract-length limits. Members raised questions about whether the bill would apply to school districts, park districts, airports, and other political subdivisions, and about whether concession agreements could direct proceeds to nonprofits or other secondary recipients; OMB said the statute is intended to require proceeds to go to the government entity’s operating fund or general fund. OMB also reported on other survey suggestions. It said a proposed general authority for agencies to create pre-qualified architect/engineering vendor pools would not move forward, because the existing authority is best limited to high-volume agencies. On legal notices, OMB said it had made progress with the North Dakota Newspaper Association on modernizing online notices, improving ADA compliance, and discussing rate and definition changes. On click-through agreements, OMB and the Attorney General’s office concluded no statutory change was needed after revising internal guidance; the $20,000 threshold was described as a practical cutoff for adhesive, nonnegotiable software terms. OMB also said issues raised by the Center for Distance Education on alternate procurements and food/beverage expenditures had been resolved through policy clarification. The University System gave a brief update on its collaboration with OMB and said it was continuing to review concessions, surplus property, and capital project statutes with all institutions involved. The task force then discussed a draft bill on requirements for new or expanded spending, intended to require agencies to identify program purpose, needs, alternatives, success measures, and budget details, and to report on outcomes over time. Members and staff debated whether OMB or Legislative Council should collect and report the information, how much should be real-time versus periodic, and whether the bill should include full implementation costs for pilot programs. Legislative Council staff said the new program evaluation division is still being built out, that staffing remains limited, and that the office plans to continue working with OMB and the executive branch to refine the proposal before the next meeting. No final action was taken on the draft bills beyond directing further work and follow-up for the next meeting.
ND

North Dakota 2026 1st Special Session

Advanced Nuclear Energy Committee Apr 21st, 2026

Advanced Nuclear Energy Committee

Transcript Highlights:
  • And so what ATR does, one year in ATR is 10 years in a regular reactor.
  • That’s last year. The launch pad—that’s last year.
  • I learned something new.'
  • to ten years, and an operational life of five to 20 years.
  • over the last 15 years.
Summary: The meeting was a presentation and Q&A at Idaho National Laboratory focused on the state of nuclear energy, advanced reactors, and the lab’s role in testing, regulation, and commercialization. Speakers described INL’s broader mission beyond nuclear, including cybersecurity and critical infrastructure, but emphasized its major nuclear capabilities: the Advanced Test Reactor, TREAT, the Materials and Fuels Complex, and other test beds used to accelerate fuel and materials testing. They also highlighted the lab’s size, workforce, internship pipeline, and partnerships with DOE, DHS, DOD, and private companies. A major topic was the federal push to speed up nuclear deployment through executive orders and regulatory reform. Speakers said DOE and the NRC are reducing unnecessary bureaucracy, streamlining environmental reviews, and working toward a goal of having three new nuclear systems achieve criticality by July 4, 2026. They discussed the difference between microreactors, small modular reactors, and traditional gigawatt-scale plants, arguing that advanced reactors can be factory-built, safer, and better suited for data centers, military bases, remote communities, industrial heat, and other nontraditional uses. They also said the U.S. is rebuilding its nuclear supply chain, including enrichment and fuel fabrication, and that states willing to host parts of the fuel cycle could see major economic benefits. The speakers addressed questions about cost, safety, waste, and international competition. They said advanced reactors rely on passive safety features, TRISO fuel, and natural circulation, and that the industry’s challenge is often cost uncertainty rather than a precise fuel or materials limit. They argued used nuclear fuel should be viewed as a resource rather than waste if recycling becomes policy, and said microreactors should produce relatively small amounts of spent fuel. They also noted that China and Russia continue to build aggressively, with China on pace to surpass the U.S. in total nuclear generation, while U.S. projects such as Palisades, Crane Clean Energy Center, Duane Arnold, Oklo, Aalo, MARVEL, and Project Pele are moving forward under DOE and private-sector partnerships.