Transcript Highlights:

• And so we appreciate the effort, the changes, and think that this will help with broadband deployment
• that, that means eligible for funding, um, particularly looking at the broadband equity access and deployment
• Unfortunately, we have a situation that has become a barrier to deployment known as forced relocation

Transcript Highlights:

• I think that this will help with broadband deployment in the future. Thank you for your testimony.
• that, that means eligible for funding, particularly looking at the Broadband Equity Access and Deployment
• Unfortunately, we have a situation that has become a barrier to deployment, known as forced relocation

Bills: HB3713, HB3953, HB4055, HB4272

Keywords: telecommunications, local exchange companies, universal service fund, rate maintenance, business expansion, broadband access, internet service, multiunit residential properties, urban areas, affordability programs, fiber-optic cables, public land, construction permits, environmental impact, notification requirements, municipal projects, infrastructure, facility relocation, public right-of-way, 1184

Transcript Highlights:

• we're excited to see that this bill directs DPU to examine existing barriers to municipal microgrid deployment
• Small-Scale Assets in Communities, or MOSAIC, Act, because they provide clear paths to maximize deployment
• There are much needed efforts to accelerate our deployment of thermal energy technologies, and we are
• The proposed SMART regulations could severely limit battery storage deployment in Massachusetts and will
• The proposed SMART regulations could severely limit battery storage deployment in Massachusetts and will

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The committee heard testimony on H. 4144, the Governor’s Energy Affordability, Independence, and Innovation Act, with the administration arguing the bill would lower bills in the short and long term while expanding clean energy supply and innovation. The Governor and Secretary said the bill would reduce or restructure charges on customer bills, reform Mass Save, expand securitization as a financing tool, speed interconnection, create energy-ready zones, strengthen consumer protections in competitive supply, and allow broader state procurement of energy resources. They said the package could save consumers billions over time and would help address high energy costs, especially during extreme heat and winter spikes. Committee members pressed the administration on several provisions, especially securitization, asking whether the bill requires an apples-to-apples comparison of total costs over time, including interest and lost tax revenue, versus paying through rates. Administration witnesses said DPU review and public comment would be required and said they would work to clarify the language if needed. Members also questioned the bill’s solar and procurement provisions, including reduced net metering compensation for some large facilities, the scope of all-resource procurements, and whether hydro, solar, and nuclear would be included; the administration said those resources were contemplated and that procurement would still be reviewed by DPU. Other questions focused on the short-term relief from bill changes, the treatment of low- and moderate-income discounts, and whether the bill’s heat pump and Mass Save reforms would help customers who cannot afford upfront costs. Several witnesses and committee members discussed Mass Save reforms, including securitization of program costs, on-bill financing, pre-approval of rebates, and shifting program administration away from gas utilities. Administration witnesses said the changes were intended to reduce volatility, lower administrative costs, and better align costs with long-term savings. Questions also touched on geothermal permitting, municipal participation in offshore wind procurement, and the proposed repeal of the ballot requirement for nuclear power, which the administration defended as preserving future options under heavy review. No votes were taken during the hearing portion described. Supportive testimony came from labor, environmental, business, planning, and development groups. The AFL-CIO, NECA, and the Environmental League of Massachusetts backed the bill, emphasizing lower bills, job creation, labor standards, just transition protections, and cleaner energy. NAIOP, the Massachusetts Business Roundtable, and MAPC supported provisions on energy-ready zones, interconnection reform, microgrids, extreme-heat shutoff protections, and Mass Save improvements. A HEET representative praised the bill’s use of securitization, geothermal, and utility financing tools but urged guardrails and workforce protections. Overall, testimony was broadly favorable, with most witnesses calling for refinements rather than opposing the bill outright.

Transcript Highlights:

• You may remember that we commissioned a thermal energy network deployment work group that reported to
• You may remember that we commissioned a thermal energy network deployment work group that reported to
• </c> thermal energy network deployment thermal energy network deployment framework<00:41:58.760><c> this
• Part and parcel of that deployment means fostering the market conditions that facilitate adoption, and
• </c><01:12:05.440><c> means</c> Part and parcel of that deployment means Part and parcel of that deployment

Bills: HF4560, HF4559, HF2317, HF3179, HF4880, HF2862, HF4374

Keywords: Public Utilities Commission, PUC, energy regulation, utility regulation, electric utility, public utility, rate case, multiyear rate plan, decoupling, rate decoupling, greenhouse gas, social cost of carbon, environmental cost, resource planning, certificate of need, distributed renewable energy, interconnection, budget billing, electronic filing, contested case

Transcript Highlights:

• I'm also a United States Marine Corps infantry combat veteran with two deployments in Operation Iraqi
• </c> deployments in Operation Iraqi Freedom. deployments in Operation Iraqi Freedom.
• to a foreign 10 service for deployments to a foreign combat<01:03:04.559><c> zone.
• Now Title 10 is for deployment overseas.
• , things that we know planned deployments, things that we know where<01:37:59.600><c> people</c><01:37

Keywords: 1191, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• like to see something for someone that's in the Guard or the Reserves if they're on a military deployment
• , you know, they could have easily been going through school and they would get called up for a deployment
• like to see something for someone that's in the Guard or the Reserves if they're on a military deployment
• or, you know, on a military deployment or, you know, they<01:14:15.840><c> could</c><01:14:15.920><c
• where they would be up for a deployment where they would be gone<01:14:20.880><c> or</c><01:14:21.040

Bills: HF2634, HF2241, HF2649, HF2520, HF2610

Keywords: North Star Promise, scholarship, higher education, Minnesota Office of Higher Education, in-demand jobs, workforce development, career training, job market, high-demand occupations, high-demand industries, college aid, state financial aid, FAFSA, student eligibility, program of study, degree program, certificate program, community college, university, labor market data

Transcript Highlights:

• c> uh</c> years relating to um EV uh years relating to um EV uh infrastructure<00:20:10.080><c> deployment
• </c><00:20:10.640><c> is</c><00:20:10.880><c> they</c><00:20:11.120><c> were</c> infrastructure deployment
• is they were infrastructure deployment is they were looking<00:20:11.360><c> for</c><00:20:11.600><c
• 00:20:14.400><c> deploy</c> charge and [clears throat] deploy charge and [clears throat] deploy deployment
• initiative and I think it was deployment initiative and I think it was on<00:20:17.039><c> the</c><00

Bills: SB2699

Keywords: fare-free transit, youth transportation, environmental tax, transit equity, public transit, Hawaii, 912, senate, all

Summary: The committee reconvened and first addressed SB 2699 on public transit/free transportation for young people. Members noted that the Committee on Transportation had already deferred the measure, and this committee said it would defer it as well before adjourning that brief reconvened session. The hearing then moved to SB 2373, which would establish a state goal to strengthen nature-based carbon emissions reduction solutions and authorize the Hawaii State Energy Office to develop methods to quantify carbon reductions from marine ecosystem restoration. The Energy Office said marine carbon sequestration was outside its expertise and asked to be removed from that portion of the bill, while DLNR and OPSD offered comments and said the work fit better with their areas, with DLNR saying it could take it on if properly resourced. Testimony included support from environmental groups, and committee discussion focused on which agency should lead and whether existing methodologies could be used. Next was SB 21001 on organic waste reduction and diversion. The Department of Health supported the intent but raised implementation concerns. Hawaii Farmers Union strongly supported the bill, arguing it would help build compost supply, improve soil health, and give counties time to develop infrastructure; they cited Vermont as a model and said the bill could extend landfill life and reduce methane. Members asked about the Vermont approach and the need for infrastructure before household-level diversion. The committee also heard SB 2905, which would increase the environmental response, energy, and food security tax and direct more revenue to the electric vehicle charging system subaccount. The Energy Office, PUC, and Tax Department offered comments; youth and clean transportation advocates strongly supported the bill as a way to expand charging access and meet EV adoption goals. A member questioned whether the proposed increase would outpace the state’s ability to deploy chargers, and PUC staff said the current annual appropriation is about $750,000 and that they could provide more data on an appropriate funding level. Additional measures were briefly taken up: SB 3231 on condominium maps and county zoning certification in A districts drew support from the Department of Agriculture and Biosecurity and the Hawaii Farm Bureau; SB 2486 on climate change drew comments from the Energy Office, Climate Commission, and OPSD, who said it duplicated existing climate planning and should include adaptation language; and SB 2376 on the renewable fuels production tax credit drew support from industry and agricultural groups, while the Energy Office and Tax Department raised concerns about the rollover provision and the scale of the credit. No final votes were recorded in the excerpt beyond the earlier deferral of SB 2699.

Transcript Highlights:

• funding mechanisms within the Office of the Governor and Texas Public Utility Commission. support the deployment
• By passing the Texas Nuclear Deployment Act, Texas will become the epicenter of a national... national
• provide regulatory and permitting guidance and assist assistance, which will help fast-track reactor deployments
• The bill also establishes a tiered funding mechanism that incentivizes the actual deployment. of nuclear
• Is to fast track nuclear deployment throughout the state of Texas and I think this is the best way to

Bills: HB14, HJR31, HB43, HB18, HB 106, HB36, HB26, HB149, HB 121, HB206, HB136, HB3114, HB2733, HB1732, HB3700, HB467, HB 1130, HB1846, HB1442, HB 1147, HB2176, HB2701, HB805, HB2890, HB 1154, HB1644, HB2118, HB1718, HB2488, HB2596, HB1971, HB2468, HB484, HB2578, HB3204, HB 1041, HB307, HB685, HB1710, HB538, HB2525, HB3125, HB2027, HB2894, HB3077, HB3684, HJR99, HB1399, HJR5, HB1330, HB2110, HJR2, HJR6, HB1587, HB14, HJR31, HB43, HB18, HB 106, HB36, HB26, HB149, HB 121, HB206, HB136, HB3114, HB2733, HB1732, HB3700, HB467, HB 1130, HB1846, HB1442, HB 1147, HB2176, HB2701, HB805, HB2890, HB 1154, HB1644, HB2118, HB1718, HB2488, HB2596, HB1971, HB2468, HB484, HB2578, HB3204, HB 1041, HB307, HB685, HB1710, HB538, HB2525, HB3125, HB2027, HB2894, HB3077, HB3684

Keywords: nuclear energy, advanced reactors, energy security, grant programs, Texas Advanced Nuclear Energy Office, farm products, tax exemption, ad valorem taxation, agriculture, Texas Constitution, livestock, producer, finance, young farmers, financial assistance, pest control, rural health, hospital funding, healthcare access, mental health services

Transcript Highlights:

• legislation you passed in 2024 required us to convene stakeholders for a thermal energy network deployment
• legislation you passed in 2024 required us to convene stakeholders for a thermal energy network deployment
• I would like to, you know, we've had that, uh, what we call the thermal energy network deployment work
• </c><00:53:59.040><c> work</c><00:53:59.280><c> group</c> energy network deployment work group energy
• network deployment work group which<00:53:59.839><c> is</c><00:54:00.000><c> a</c><00:54:00.160><c>

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• We've had over 48 officers around the country killed just with the manual deployment strips, including
• Now there's technology where they have remote-control operated deployment strips.
• use-of-force and pursuit policies, and then emphasize law enforcement safety by reducing manual deployment
• use of force and pursuit policies, and then emphasize law enforcement safety by reducing manual deployment

Bills: HB316, HB549, HB646, HB752, HB824, HB873, HB1129, HB1157, HB1170

Keywords: literacy, adolescent, teacher education, high-dosage tutoring, reading intervention, workforce development, training programs, Bayou Growth Opportunity, funding, employment, skills gap, qualified employer, credential recognition, government growth limit, recurring revenue, state finance, Louisiana Income Tax Elimination Fund, fiscal responsibility, legislative sessions, regular sessions

Transcript Highlights:

• I served 28 years on active duty with combat deployments to Iraq and Afghanistan during OAF and OEF.
• I served 28 years on active duty with<00:12:20.320><c> combat</c><00:12:20.880><c> deployments</c><00
• :12:21.360><c> to</c><00:12:21.600><c> Iraq,</c> with combat deployments to Iraq, with combat deployments

Keywords: 919, house, all

Summary: Minnesota lawmakers and advocates discussed House File 2444, a veterans and military affairs bill to formally recognize Special Guerrilla Unit (SGU) veterans who fought alongside U.S. forces in Laos during the secret war from 1961 to 1975. Speakers, including Rep. Ethan Cha and other veterans and family members, said the measure is long overdue and framed it as both a symbolic and practical step to restore dignity, honor, and veteran status to Hmong, Lao, and other ethnic minority veterans whose service had not been formally acknowledged. Testimony emphasized the historical role of the SGUs, the secrecy of the war, and the heavy losses suffered by the community. Speakers described the bill as a bipartisan effort with support from House and Senate members, and noted that a similar version had already passed the Senate unanimously. They also said the bill would help Minnesota set an example for other states and improve public understanding of the secret war and the contributions of Southeast Asian communities. Rep. Cha explained that the bill creates a new statutory definition for veterans of the secret war in Laos, establishes eligibility criteria for benefits and privileges, authorizes the commissioner of veterans affairs to verify veteran status, and creates a 12-member task force to advise that process. The bill would allow access to certain state veterans benefits and privileges, including veterans designation on IDs, grave markers, honor guard, state veterans cemeteries, and related preferences. In response to questions, speakers said the main challenge had been educating colleagues because the war was classified, and they estimated fewer than 1,000 SGU veterans are still alive. They also said the bill carries no major monetary benefit and is intended primarily to provide recognition and a framework for verification.

Transcript Highlights:

• Minnesota has been and continues to prepare for automated vehicle deployments and advancements through
• </c><00:50:13.400><c> and</c> automated vehicle deployments and automated vehicle deployments and advancements
• </c><00:57:20.599><c> of</c><00:57:20.760><c> emerging</c> and deployment of emerging and deployment
• Unfortunately, these deployments still leave out wheelchair riders and are primarily focused on metro
• </c><01:01:38.200><c> still</c> unfortunately these deployments still unfortunately these deployments

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• At full deployment, the rebate program is expected to deliver $275 million in annual energy savings,
• Uh at full deployment, the the process.
• Uh at full deployment, the rebate<00:57:57.760><c> program</c><00:57:58.160><c> is</c><00:57:58.400><
• If we slow the deployment of the lowest-cost wind and solar, if we delay transmission buildout, if we
• Battery storage deployment is absolutely taking off.

Keywords: U.S. House of Representatives Floor Proceedings on Wednesday, February 25, 2026, 1012, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• This bill will ensure California maintains leadership in the deployment of clean medium- and heavy-duty
• than $1 billion in funding for fleets statewide, equating to more than 2,000 fleets, enabling the deployment
• This is important because we know that significant public health benefits are tied to the deployment
• Yet despite this widespread deployment, there remains no comprehensive public evidence demonstrating
• Yet despite this widespread deployment, there remains no comprehensive public evidence demonstrating

Keywords: 988, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Because virtual power plants target clean energy deployment exactly when the grid needs it the most,
• Because virtual power plants target clean energy deployment, exactly when the grid needs it the most
• The goal is a statewide framework for accelerated, productive deployment of these resources, rather than
• Deployment of these resources, rather than leaving them isolated as backup-only assets.
• into a single policy framework that prepares Washington for the next phase of distributed energy deployment

Bills: SB5982, SB6008, SB6050, SB6056

Keywords: consumer-owned utilities, clean energy, port districts, market customers, energy transformation, energy storage, residential battery, grid connection, renewable energy, incentives, distributed energy, renewable resources, energy policy, sustainable energy, state regulations, utility vehicles, emission standards, environment, regulation, exemptions

Transcript Highlights:

• First-of-a-kind deployments are pivotal in kick-starting the buildout of an advanced nuclear reactor
• So our process is a pebble-bed small modular reactor, 80 megawatts, fully modular, deployable.
• Texas is in a prime position to be the leader in new nuclear plant development and deployment.
• Nuclear development and deployment is going to happen in the United States.
• will be the tipping point for the state that becomes the leader in creating nuclear manufacturing, deployment

Bills: HB132, HB 11, HB14, HB132, HB1584, HB1606, HB5061, HB 1041, HB2286

Keywords: nuclear energy, Texas Advanced Nuclear Energy Office, energy policy, regulation repeal, state energy strategy, licensing, reciprocity, regulation, Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation, interstate agreements, advanced reactors, energy security, grant programs, HB 132, Texas Government Code Chapter 418, Public Information Act, confidential records, homeland security, foreign adversary, terrorism

Summary: The committee first took up pending business and quickly reported several measures favorably, including HB 12, SB 1361, SB 1705, SB 1749, SB 1897, SB 2344, SB 2566, HB 3809, and HB 4215, with most sent to the Local and Uncontested Calendar. HB 12’s substitute clarified a limited midterm review of regulatory agencies tied to Sunset Commission recommendations. SB 2696’s substitute changed med spa regulation from a license to a certificate, with training instead of an exam, plus background checks, continuing education, and two-year renewals. HB 3809 dealt with battery energy storage decommissioning and recycling, and HB 4215 was reported without a substitute. SB 1978, concerning interconnection of electric facilities in ERCOT and federal jurisdiction concerns, was reported out on a 5-3 vote after debate, but then the chair later announced the bill was withdrawn and left pending subject to the call of the chair. HB 1899 was also reported favorably, with one nay. A major portion of the meeting focused on HB 14, the advanced nuclear energy bill. Senator Schwertner described it as creating a Texas Advanced Nuclear Energy Office, a nuclear permitting coordinator, a development fund, a completion grant program, and a workforce development program. Testimony was sharply divided. Supporters, including representatives from Fermi America, Dow/X-energy, CPS Energy, Paragon Energy Solutions, Bridge to Nuclear, Aalo Atomics, and the Texas Association of Business, argued that Texas should lead in advanced nuclear, citing future baseload demand, data centers, industrial power needs, supply-chain development, and long-term energy diversification. Opponents, including Public Citizen, Texas Nuclear Watchdogs, Sierra Club, and individual citizens, argued the bill would subsidize unproven, expensive technology, create grants rather than loans, and expose taxpayers to major risk while doing little to meet near-term energy needs. Several members questioned whether the state should fund projects that may not produce grid power for years, and whether the bill’s grant structure and new office were justified. The committee also heard HB 5061, which Senator Schwertner said would prohibit unethical surveillance and misuse of confidential information by state contractors, create a confidential reporting system through the State Auditor’s Office, authorize Texas Rangers investigations, protect whistleblowers, and impose penalties including contract termination, fines, and contracting bans. No public testimony was offered, and the bill was left pending. HB 132, sponsored by Senator Hughes, would extend confidentiality protections for sensitive information to hostile acts by foreign adversaries; it was also left pending after no testimony. HB 1584 was then laid out, with Senator Schwertner explaining it would require utilities to maintain and update priority restoration lists for critical facilities after Hurricane Beryl exposed communication failures, but the transcript cuts off before any action on that bill.

Transcript Highlights:

• The service of National Guard and Reserve members is still overlooked despite a stark increase in deployments
• It helped me get through a second month deployment in Iraq.
• Lejeune Victims Act and creating a resumption of service connection for all conditions from K-2 deployments
• we hear from student veterans that have been activated for any number of supports from overseas deployments
• You're looking at somebody who slept next to Camp Trashcan for 15 months. my second deployment and we

Keywords: veteran services, Secretary Collins, healthcare provisions, contract cancellations, transparency, accountability, committee meeting, legislation

Summary: During this committee meeting, various bills were discussed with a specific focus on veteran services and healthcare provisions. Notably, the cancellation of critical contracts under Secretary Collins sparked significant debate, with representatives emphasizing the adverse impact on veteran care. The meeting featured testimonies from veterans and stakeholders who expressed their concerns regarding the potential fallout of these cancellations, demonstrating the urgency of transparency and accountability in management decisions. Discussions also delved into various legislative proposals aimed at improving services for veterans amidst these challenges.

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> training or emergency deployment. training or emergency deployment.
• These individuals are the backbone of our communities, and they deserve to know that their deployment
• CACR 26 changes that, allowing the council to veto unnecessary out-of-state deployments. communities
• in a way that uh the uh deployment in a way that uh the executive<03:37:51.120><c> counsel</c><03:37
• Um, I would say that if that deployment.

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• standard as simply a protocol standard that's reasonable and ignore circumstances wherein you have a deployer
• that we've just passed and is now law, would the provisions in that bill prevent a developer or deployer
• So if you think that the developers, deployers, your clients, are already going to be doing this, what
• bill that we've just passed and now law, would the provisions in that bill prevent a developer or deployer
• So if you think that the developers, deployers, your clients are already going to be doing this and what

Summary: The committee heard and acted on several bills. SB 479 by Senator Arreguín would allow Berkeley, Long Beach, and Pasadena, as local health jurisdictions, to use multidisciplinary homeless response teams and share specified information across departments; supporters said it would improve coordination and services for unsheltered residents, and the bill passed 9-0 to Appropriations. SB 46 by Senator Umberg would direct the Secretary of State to keep constitutionally ineligible presidential candidates off the California ballot, including anyone who has already served two terms; supporters argued it was a constitutional enforcement measure, while Senator Niello questioned whether it was needed, and it passed 6-1 to Appropriations. SB 99 by Senator Blakespear would improve coordination between military and civilian systems by requiring courts and law enforcement to account for military protective orders and notify military authorities of possible violations; the Department of Defense supported it, while the ACLU raised due process concerns, and it passed 6-0 to Appropriations. SB 719 by Senator Cabaldon would extend the sunset on state reporting about high-risk automated decision systems from 2029 to 2032, and it passed 6-0 to Appropriations. SB 300 by Senator Padilla would strengthen California’s new AI chatbot law by requiring operators to prevent minors from being exposed to sexually explicit material; supporters said the existing law was insufficient, while industry groups warned against expanding a brand-new regime before it had been tested, and it passed 9-0 to Appropriations. SB 381 by Senator Wahab would allow adult adoptees, and descendants of adoptees, to obtain original birth certificates and create a nonbinding contact preference form for birth parents; supporters described health, identity, and dignity concerns, while some members raised privacy concerns, and it passed 13-0 to the Senate Health Committee. SB 33 by Senator Cortese would eliminate the sunset on the public works contractor claim-resolution process, with supporters saying it reduces litigation and speeds payment, and it passed 10-0 to Appropriations.

Transcript Highlights:

• standard as simply a protocol standard that's reasonable and ignore circumstances wherein you have a deployer
• standard as simply a protocol standard that's reasonable and ignore circumstances wherein you have a deployer
• that we've just passed and is now law, would the provisions in that bill prevent a developer or deployer
• bill that we've just passed and now law, would the provisions in that bill prevent a developer or deployer
• So if you think that the developers, deployers, your clients, are already going to be doing this, what

Summary: The committee heard and advanced several bills. SB 479 would let Berkeley, Long Beach, and Pasadena use multidisciplinary homeless response teams and share specified information across departments; the author and a Berkeley official said current state confidentiality rules prevent effective coordination, and the bill passed 9-0 to Senate Appropriations. SB 46 would bar a person who has served two terms as President from appearing on the California ballot for a third term; supporters argued California has authority to enforce constitutional qualifications, while Senator Niello questioned whether the bill was needed, and it passed 6-1 to Senate Appropriations. SB 99 would improve coordination between civilian and military authorities on military protective orders and restraining orders; the Department of Defense supported it, the ACLU raised due process concerns about MPOs, and the bill passed 6-0 as amended to Senate Appropriations. SB 719 would extend the sunset on Department of Technology reporting on state agency use of high-risk automated decision systems from 2029 to 2032; there was no opposition and it passed 6-0 to Senate Appropriations. The committee also took up SB 300, which would strengthen California’s new AI chatbot law by requiring operators to prevent minors from being exposed to sexually explicit material or facilitation of such content. Supporters said new evidence shows current protections are insufficient and that the bill is needed now to address harms to children; industry groups opposed the bill as premature, arguing SB 243 had just taken effect and that the new standard could create strict-liability-like exposure and uncertainty. After extensive questioning, the bill passed 9-0 to Senate Appropriations. SB 381 would give adult adoptees and descendants access to original birth certificates and create a nonbinding contact preference form for birth parents; many adoptees and birth parents testified in support, while some members raised privacy concerns for birth parents. The bill passed 13-0 to the Senate Health Committee, with the author noting amendments would be taken in Health rather than Judiciary. At the end of the hearing, the committee shifted chairs and began SB 33, which would eliminate the sunset on the existing public works contractor claim-resolution process so agencies must continue to respond to claims, pay undisputed amounts, and use early dispute resolution. The author and sponsor said the process has reduced litigation and helped contractors and workers, and the bill was just being introduced when the transcript ended.