Video & Transcript Research : 'surface owners'

Page 139 of 396
HI
Transcript Highlights:
  • So nearly half of title property owners no longer live in Vail, indeed, or own multiple residences in
  • Only 30% of Vail, indeed, units are owner-occupied, and in surveyed rental units, prices were as much
  • It is bailing out local owners or local Airbnb owners now that your units are a legal act.
  • airbn or local Airbnb local owners airbn or local Airbnb owners<01:21:51.560> now<01:21:51.760
  • be occupied exclusively by owner be occupied exclusively by owner occupants<01:33:04.639> or<
Keywords: 912, senate, all
Summary: The joint Housing and Public Safety/Water and Land hearing first took up HB 1096, which would repeal statutory tenant-selection preferences for disabled veterans and spouses of deceased veterans in state low-income housing. HPHA testified in support, saying the change was a housekeeping measure because the same preferences already exist in administrative rules and could be adjusted later to align with other local preferences, while also noting the federal VASH program provides stronger veteran housing support. Several members questioned why the preference should be removed at all, emphasizing that veterans have long been underserved and asking for a stronger justification; the committees ultimately deferred HB 1096. The later Housing/Hawaiian Affairs agenda heard HB 606 HD1, a measure to extend Act 279 funding and related exemptions for the Department of Hawaiian Home Lands. Supporters argued the bill would give DHHL more time to use the $600 million appropriation to acquire land, work with developers, and address a wait list of about 29,000 applicants, while also helping restore Hawaiian communities and reduce the Hawaiian diaspora. Opponents focused on accountability and oversight, saying DHHL needs clearer plans, measurable goals, and stronger safeguards before receiving more money, and warning that prior spending and strategic-plan changes had reduced the number of applicants served. The committee also heard testimony that the bill would help DHHL fulfill long-standing obligations to Native Hawaiians and that the housing need affects the broader state, not only Hawaiian Home Lands beneficiaries.
KY

Kentucky 2026 Regular Session

Senate Standing Committee on Licensing and Occupations. (3-3-26)

Licensing & Occupations

Transcript Highlights:
  • gives clarity and provides the agency of enforcement much needed guidance for legitimate business owners
  • to clarify for the agency, clean up and expedite the process, and ensure that legitimate business owners
  • gives clarity and provides the agency of enforcement much needed guidance for legitimate business owners
  • to clarify for the agency, clean up and expedite the process, and ensure that legitimate business owners
  • And if uh legitimate business owners.
Summary: The Senate Standing Committee on Licensing and Occupations met on March 3, 2026, with a quorum present and first took up Senate Bill 65, sponsored by Senator Steve West. The bill would nullify administrative regulations found deficient by the Administrative Regulations Review Subcommittee. West said the committee had found three deficient regulations this year, including one related to vaping rollout problems and one involving GLP-1 coverage expansion for Medicaid. Senator Berg raised concerns that striking the GLP-1 regulation could limit Kentucky’s ability to use these drugs for weight loss and other health benefits, but the sponsor and others said the action would only block the specific regulation and that doctors could still prescribe GLP-1s under existing Medicaid authority. The committee passed SB 65 with favorable expression, 8-2. The committee then considered Senate Bill 177, sponsored by Senator Rick Girdler, and first adopted a substitute. The bill concerns speech-language pathologist licensure. Testimony from Kate Wood Hall and Ann Blandford of the Kentucky Speech-Language-Hearing Association explained that the substitute would remove the mandatory post-professional graduate experience as a requirement for full licensure, while keeping an interim pathway and preserving an optional compact-related pathway. They said the change responds to updated graduate training standards and federal billing issues, including CMS guidance that had temporarily disrupted reimbursement and access, especially in rural areas. Members asked whether the change would weaken standards or affect compact participation; witnesses said it would not, and that the compact option remained available. The committee also noted that pages two and three of the substitute were missing and staff would restore them. Several senators spoke in favor while explaining reservations. Senator Berg supported the bill and shared a personal story about speech therapy in her family. Senator Douglas also voted aye but expressed concern about reducing requirements for trained professionals and about incentives in professional education. Senator Chambers Armstrong asked whether the opt-in structure would create barriers or affect compact participation, and witnesses said it would not increase costs and that other states, including Virginia and Oregon, were pursuing similar approaches. SB 177, as amended by the substitute, passed with favorable expression.
NM

New Mexico 2025 Regular Session

IC - Investments and Pensions Oversight Aug 13th, 2025

Investments & Pensions Oversight Committee

Transcript Highlights:
  • Typically, if they have an entrepreneur or a small business owner going through their training program
  • Sometimes, it's a very viable business, but the business owner can't provide financial statements to
  • These small business owners know their customers and have close relationships with them.
  • They do require collateral for small business owners and personal guarantees.
  • It will also help them, as the owners of those sites, identify their infrastructure needs.
TX

Texas 89th 2nd C.S.

S/C on Telecommunications & Broadband Mar 24th, 2025

S/C on Telecommunications & Broadband

Transcript Highlights:
  • most other pole owners have to.
  • As far as the status of deployment, co op member owners, the end users, love the service.
  • What are the conditions under which the pole owner can say no?
  • Um, they actually vary with the size of the pole owner.
  • One is sort of the coverage of which poll owners are subject to the rules.
NH
Transcript Highlights:
  • What's the policy behind limiting the tax increase to waterfront owners?
  • What's the policy behind limiting the tax increase to waterfront owners?
  • What's the policy behind limiting the tax increase to waterfront owners?
  • director of the Timberland Owners director of the Timberland Owners Association<04:11:12.439>
  • <04:32:52.760> for<04:32:53.040> public property owners for public property owners
Keywords: 928, house, all
Summary: The committee first discussed scheduling and notice for upcoming executive sessions on a larger slate of bills, including plans to take up eight bills in the morning and possibly the last three bills in the afternoon, with caucus time provided if needed. The chair emphasized advance notice, publication, and flexibility if more bills are added later. The hearing then opened with the Pledge of Allegiance and proceeded to HB 568, a bill allowing local planning boards to request water supply studies for subdivisions to ensure water adequacy as housing density increases. Representative Kat McGee, the prime sponsor, said HB 568 was developed after constituent concerns about private wells being affected by nearby development. She described the bill as narrowly tailored, non-mandatory, and intended to preserve local control while clarifying that planning boards may request studies under local regulations. She noted bipartisan support, an exclusion for community water systems and larger groundwater withdrawals regulated elsewhere, and said the bill would help prevent water shortages and related problems for new and existing homes. Questions from members focused on whether the bill should specify that it applies to subdivisions of four or more lots, since that language had been in an earlier version. Testimony on HB 568 was mixed. Bob Quinn of the New Hampshire Association of Realtors opposed the bill, arguing it lacked a definition of “water supply study,” could lead to expensive hydrology studies, and might raise housing costs; he suggested more work with DES or a study committee. DES administrator Brandon Kernin said the department had worked from a 2010 groundwater commission report, that such problems arise only intermittently in certain areas, and that the bill would make explicit local authority to adopt such ordinances. He also said DES data and homeowner surveys can help identify problem areas and that more robust wells could be considered in the long term. The committee noted 10 online submissions in favor and 3 opposed, plus blue-sheet testimony of 2 in favor and 1 neutral, and then closed the hearing on HB 568. The committee immediately opened HB 582, a bill on safety requirements for operation of personal watercraft. Representative Darby, the sponsor, said the bill responds to the speed and maneuverability of modern personal watercraft, which he described as more like motorcycles on water than traditional boats, and cited a fatal accident on Lake Monomonac as an example of the risks. He said the bill is not intended to restrict ordinary recreation or wake surfing, but to update safety standards for a newer class of larger, quieter three-person PWCs. The hearing began with Darby’s presentation, and no vote or final action was taken in the portion provided.
TX

Texas 89th 2nd C.S.

Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence May 12th, 2025

Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence

Transcript Highlights:
  • I'm not going to do my long layout, but this is a bill that basically is about safety equipment on owner
  • You have company drivers and owner operators.
  • trucks, that the training can be done as it relates to that equipment, and that it still maintains the owner
  • It maintains the status quo about the relationships between owners and operators at the same time make
  • I've had, I've personally had over 1000 owner operators in my business.
Bills: SB 53
TX

Texas 89th Regular

Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence May 12th, 2025

Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence

Transcript Highlights:
  • But this is a bill that basically addresses safety equipment on owner-operators' vehicles.
  • You have two types of drivers: company drivers and owner-operators.
  • their trucks, and the training can be done as it relates to that equipment while still maintaining the owner-operator
  • It maintains the status quo about the relationships between owners and operators, while at the same time
  • I've personally had over 1,000 owner-operators in my business.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
  • company is required by law to run a title search through Texas DMV to determine the lien holder and owner
  • If there's not a lien holder and the vehicle owner does not respond in a set time frame, the vehicle
  • Currently, Texas DMV has no way of knowing if the vehicle owner is in the military, and the cars have
  • One, we have Brian Walters. who's a partner with the Walters Firm, and Gary Hoffman, the owner of Toe
  • motor vehicle plate is run, the officer is able to see a multitude of motor vehicle identifiers. ...owner
LA

Louisiana 2026 Regular Session

Judiciary A May 12th, 2026

Judiciary A

Transcript Highlights:
  • And it would say owner, and it would say owner means the possessor of a fee interest, a tenant, Possessor
  • But this just simply protects those private airstrip owners that allow... Air shows like that.
  • The big apartment owners are paying that.
  • Litigants can represent themselves, property owners can represent themselves.
  • My owner is the owner of three Jersey Mike's franchises.
Summary: The committee first approved the May 5 minutes and then heard House Bill 578, which would define sex in Louisiana law as biological sex, replace references to gender with sex in various statutes and forms, and direct the Law Institute to make conforming changes. Supporters from the governor’s office said the bill would bring clarity and consistency, while opponents argued it could create conflicts with existing law and weaken protections tied to gender identity. After debate, the committee reported HB 578 favorably. Members then considered House Bill 1250, a measure aimed at aerospace-related litigation. The bill would allow a special motion to strike certain claims against aerospace flight entities when the claims are preempted by federal law. Senators raised concerns that the language was broad enough to affect airports, airlines, contractors, and even unrelated incidents, and the author said he was willing to work on narrowing amendments. The committee nevertheless reported HB 1250 favorably. House Bill 718, dealing with liability protections for private airstrips used for recreation, was amended to narrow its scope and then reported favorably, while House Bill 163, a narrower related airstrip bill, was voluntarily deferred so the committee could work from the other measure. The committee also approved House Concurrent Resolution 61, which asks the Louisiana Law Institute to review possible conflicts between the constitution and statutes on expropriation. House Bill 180, defining foreign adversaries and agents of foreign adversaries for a proposed constitutional amendment, and House Bill 192, a constitutional amendment barring foreign adversaries from expropriating land in Louisiana, were both reported favorably. House Bill 1008, which sets out academic freedom and whistleblower protections for higher education, was rejected on a roll-call vote after concerns about its scope and limits on university discipline. House Bill 638, a prompt-payment bill for contractors, was set aside while amendments were being located. Finally, the committee took up House Bill 71, which would extend existing liability protections for justified use of force to properly trained armed security guards. The author and the Board of Private Security Examiners said security officers receive training and often face dangerous situations, but opponents argued the bill would give too much protection to personnel with far less training than law enforcement and could shield bad shootings. After debate, the committee voted to defer HB 71. The last measure discussed was House Bill 1082, which would change venue rules for lawsuits involving the Municipal Police Employees’ Retirement System so actions by the system would be filed where the employer is located; the author said the bill was meant to help small municipalities, and members indicated they were open to narrowing amendments.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Taxes Committee 3/17/26

Taxes

Transcript Highlights:
  • clarifies how interest is calculated on municipal special assessments and requires refunds when property owners
  • In March of 2026, 6 months later, the property owner receives a bonus from their employer or for tax
  • The<00:05:17.520> property<00:05:17.919> owner<00:05:18.240> makes<00:05:18.560
  • > no<00:05:18.880> other The property owner makes no other The property owner makes no
  • , uh April 15th, uh those business owners, uh April 15th, uh those business owners, the<00:51:04.079
TX

Texas 89th 2nd C.S.

State Affairs Apr 28th, 2025

State Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • are potential claims against the title company for allowing that property to transfer from a good owner
  • to a bad owner.
  • You know, Texas is founded on private property rights, and as a private property owner, um, if somebody
  • I'm Christian, I'm husband and father and a business owner.
  • I'm a Christian, I'm a churchgoer, and I'm a small business owner in Texas.
TX

Texas 89th Regular

State Affairs Apr 28th, 2025

State Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • It imposes an active reporting requirement on the part of the owner of the real estate.
  • So we've got in this bill an active reporting requirement... requirement requiring the owner of the real
  • to a bad owner.
  • I'm a husband, father, and business owner.
  • If foreign investors, entrepreneurs, and business owners wish to apply for EB-5, I'll...
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Housing Finance and Policy Committee 2/24/26

Housing Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:
  • <00:17:58.160> um Some of them are the same owner um Some of them are the same owner um and
  • And, of course, it's a win-win because that also means that the property owner is more likely to get
  • So they were privately owned and the private owner is selling to the residents themselves.
  • So they were privately owned and the private owner is selling to the residents themselves.
  • What we find on the owner-occupied side is about 20,000.
Keywords: 1183, house
HI

Hawaii 2025 Regular Session

CPN-EIG, CPN Public Hearings 03-20-2025

Commerce and Consumer Protection

Transcript Highlights:
  • <00:59:00.480> You're owner are underinsured, right?
  • You're owner are underinsured, right?
  • This bill is not properly worded to provide better consumer protections for condominium owners.
  • Please stop pushing the bills that are really detrimental to condominium owners.
  • So I'm going to be owner approval. So I'm going to be voting<01:38:59.760> no.
Keywords: 912, senate, all
Summary: The joint Senate committees heard HB 108 HD2, which would allow direct shipment of beer and distilled spirits by certain licensees and require liquor commissions to adopt rules. Most testimony came from craft brewers and distillers in support, who said the bill would help small and fragile producers reach customers, move limited or specialty products that wholesalers do not carry, and maintain relationships with visitors after they leave Hawaii. Supporters also argued that direct-to-consumer shipping would not meaningfully increase underage access because common carriers age-gate deliveries and require adult signatures, and that the measure would supplement rather than replace the three-tier system. Opposition came from the Hawaii Food Industry Association and the Hawaii Liquor Wholesalers Association, which said the bill could create problems with minor access and tax revenue and would allow out-of-state manufacturers to ship directly to Hawaii households. Supporters responded that similar concerns were raised when wine direct shipping was adopted and said the existing shipping and reporting systems can track and tax these sales. Several witnesses, including Maui Brewing, Ola Brew, Koloa Rum, Hana Rum, Koulana Rumworks, Koval Distillery, and the Brewers Association, described their small-batch operations, limited distribution options, and the potential for direct shipping to expand sales and jobs. Committee members questioned witnesses about underage access, tax collection, and the impact on the three-tier system. One witness discussed efforts to protect and potentially scale the Hawaiian spirit Okolehao through geographic and sourcing rules. The transcript does not show a final vote or disposition on HB 108 HD2 in the excerpt provided.
MN

Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session

Committee on Jobs and Economic Development - 03/03/25

Jobs and Economic Development

Transcript Highlights:
  • that will serve small business owners that will serve small business owners any<00:31:46.120>
  • She then asked what “business startups to help business startups expand and owner transition” means,
  • and requested an explanation of owner transition.
  • expand and owner expand and owner transition<00:34:00.639> um<00:34:00.919> if<00:
  • <00:34:03.480> transition little bit about what owner transition little bit about what owner
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
NH
Transcript Highlights:
  • And you are the owner And you are the owner [Music] [Music] [Music] of<00:34:58.040> Rivervale
  • There is the onus on the owner as far as doing due diligence.
  • There is the onus on the owner as far as doing due diligence.
  • There is that the onus on the owner you.
  • The concern is the information a pet owner can get about someone.
Keywords: 928, house, all
Summary: The committee first heard Senate Bill 302, which would update New Hampshire’s solid waste facility background-check law so the state can continue to access federal FBI criminal databases for checks on key owners and officers. Senator Howard Pearl and DES Waste Management Director Mike Whimsatt said the bill is the third attempt to correct prior drafting problems that prevented the FBI from accepting the language. They explained that the existing statute has long required background checks for hazardous and solid waste facility applicants because of concerns about organized crime, but the current wording is too ambiguous for federal use. The bill also includes technical corrections, clarifies which company officers must be checked, specifies which DES officials receive the results, and removes the Department of Justice as an unnecessary middleman. Committee members asked about the purpose of the bill, whether family members are covered, who pays the cost, and whether permits have ever been denied; Whimsatt said the applicant still pays, the checks focus on key officers, and at least one permit had been denied in the past due to a felony conviction. The hearing then closed, with one person listed in favor on the blue sheet and no opposition noted online. The committee then opened Senate Bill 229, which would allow retailers to sell uninspected bison, red deer, and elk meat and remove the sunset on the existing program. Senator Pearl said the bill would expand market opportunities for farmers while keeping labeling and traceability requirements in place, including identifying the meat as uninspected and maintaining records of the source farms. Representative Bixby, who had worked on earlier legislation, explained the current framework in detail: the animals are raised on closed farms, must be fenced, cannot be newly imported, and are subject to annual veterinary herd inspections and recordkeeping. He said the prior bison inspection regime was too burdensome for farmers to maintain, and the current law was intended as a workable compromise. Questions from members focused on how many farms participate, how many animals have been sold, and whether the program posed disease risks; the witness said he did not know the exact numbers, and Bixby said the existing import and fencing rules help prevent chronic wasting disease from entering the state. No vote was taken during the hearing, and the bill was left before the committee for further consideration.
NH

New Hampshire 2026 Regular Session

House Municipal and County Government (02/10/2026)

Municipal and County Government

Transcript Highlights:
  • risk for property owners. risk for property owners.
  • Doesn't all a land owner have question.
  • I'm the executive director of the New Hampshire Timberland Owners Association.
  • So, space one goes to the owner. Where do the four employees park?
  • where where does the subdivision owners where where does the subdivision owners have<04:26:26.479
Keywords: 1189, house, all
NH
Transcript Highlights:
  • Senate Bill 164FN property owners.
  • Um and so your binding on future owners.
  • Um, so if that binding on future owners.
  • And it binds the property owner wealth.
  • when an owner attempts to sell or transfer their property.
Keywords: 928, house, all
Summary: The committee first held a public hearing on Senate Bill 25, which would allow state-chartered credit unions to compensate board members if the membership approves it. Prime sponsor Senator Dan Innis said the bill is enabling only, intended to help credit unions recruit and retain qualified directors and align New Hampshire with other states that already allow such compensation. Credit union representatives from the Cooperative Credit Union Association and St. Mary’s Bank supported the bill, saying board service has become more complex because of cybersecurity, asset-liability management, and other regulatory demands, and that compensation could be modest and take forms such as meeting fees or educational reimbursement. In response to committee questions, they said compensation would be set by the membership, disclosed in advance, and subject to bylaws and internal policies; they also noted that board members must be credit union members and that voting procedures vary by institution, with some using mailed ballots rather than proxy voting. Members raised questions about why credit union boards were historically excluded, what kinds of compensation were contemplated, whether there would be a cap, and how voting and confidentiality would work. Testimony explained that the historical rationale was the nonprofit, volunteer mission of credit unions, but witnesses argued that the modern environment and competition for talent justify a change. They also said the bill would not mandate compensation and would not create a salary structure comparable to banks, but would allow members to approve modest compensation or reimbursements. After no further testimony, the chair closed the public hearing on Senate Bill 25. The committee then opened a public hearing on Senate Bill 26, sponsored by Senator Howard Pearl, concerning the definition of deposits in land sales and escrowed accounts. Pearl said the bill would clarify that buyer funds for upgrades and luxury items in new-home construction are not treated as refundable deposits that must be held in escrow, arguing that the current Attorney General interpretation raises builder costs, increases home prices, and can limit buyer choices. He said the proposal would allow those upgrade funds to be paid directly to builders for construction, with signed disclosures making clear that the buyer requested the items and bears the risk if financing falls through. The hearing on Senate Bill 26 had just begun when the transcript ended.
HI

Hawaii 2025 Regular Session

CPC Public Hearing- Wed Feb 5, 2025 @ 2:00 PM HST

Consumer Protection & Commerce

Transcript Highlights:
  • trade association representing, among many other products, manufacturers of wipes and many brand owners
  • The evidence actually fully supports the idea that pet owners are excellent tenants, that animals do
  • <00:54:32.839> are<00:54:33.040> excellent idea that pen owners are excellent idea
  • that pen owners are excellent tenants<00:54:34.559> uh<00:54:34.680> that<00:54:34.839>
  • So we wouldn't want to diminish opportunities for owners and assistance animals.
Keywords: 910, house, all
Summary: The committee on Consumer Protection and Commerce met on February 5, 2025, and heard testimony on several bills. HB 918, relating to labeling, drew support from the Department of Health, INDA (the nonwoven fabrics industry), and Hawaii Realtors. INDA said the bill aligns with do-not-flush labeling laws in other states but raised a concern about the six-month compliance deadline tied to FIFRA approval. In response to committee questions, witnesses explained that the bill is aimed mainly at disinfecting wipes, that most products are already labeled nationally, and that the proposed timing issue could be addressed by using Oregon’s approach. No vote was taken on the measure during the portion shown. The committee also heard HB 1482, relating to controlled substances. HPD supported the bill, and Aloha Green Holdings and the Department of Health both said they supported the intent but recommended technical amendments. Their testimony focused on clarifying the treatment of Delta-8 THC, distinguishing synthetic or artificially derived cannabinoids from naturally occurring forms, and avoiding confusion in the hemp law. Members asked whether Delta-8 would show up on drug tests; witnesses said it would test positive for THC and would not be distinguished from Delta-9. The bill was then set aside as the committee moved on. HB 981, relating to attorney’s fees, drew opposition from a law firm representing homeowners and associations, which argued the bill would limit access to legal services, favor developers and contractors, and make settlement harder. The witness suggested instead using existing consumer-protection fee-shifting concepts, and committee members explored whether a capped fee award or a broader attorney-fee rule would be more appropriate. The committee then took up HB 807 and HB 336, both relating to condominiums. HB 807 received support from the Green Infrastructure Authority and the Hawaii Bankers Association, while one testifier urged deferral over unresolved questions about commercial PACE financing; the bank association asked for more time to work with HGIA, and the chair indicated decision-making could be deferred to allow that discussion. On HB 336, the Community Associations Institute opposed the bill as removing checks and balances, while the Hawaii Workers Center and others supported it as a step toward clearer enforcement of health and safety issues in condominiums and rental housing.
NH
Transcript Highlights:
  • <01:41:11.600> and<01:41:11.679> just notice to the property owner and just notice
  • to the property owner and just say<01:41:12.080> such<01:41:12.239> a<01:41:12.400>
  • In both places, we strike by individual notice to the property owner.
  • to the property owner to the property owner um<02:14:48.960> in<02:14:49.280> two<
  • property owner. property owner.
Summary: The committee of conference first discussed House Bill 557, which concerns information on the school budget ballot. The main issue was how to define and calculate the “average cost per pupil.” House members favored a simple calculation dividing the operating budget by enrollment, arguing that it is clearer to the public and matches how taxpayers think about school costs. Senate members preferred the existing RSA-based definition for consistency across statutes and noted that the current definition was about to take effect. Members also debated whether the ballot language should specify the figure as being for the “preceding year,” and some House members ultimately agreed to that clarification while one member did not. After discussion, the Senate declined to move off its position on the calculation method, but agreed to a compromise amendment adding “for the preceding year” to the Senate language so it would align with the rest of the ballot information. The committee then agreed to draft the report with that amendment. The committee then turned to House Bill 71, dealing with restrictions on using public school and higher education facilities to shelter certain migrants, along with a Senate-added provision requiring DHHS contracts to comply with the patient bill of rights. Members generally said they supported the base policy of the bill, but Representative Noble raised a drafting concern about a repeal section that appeared to undo the new contract requirement; the group discussed removing that repeal language and adjusting effective dates. The committee also reviewed Senate-added language creating a donation fund for a proposed accessible pier at Hampton Beach. Supporters said the project would be privately funded through donations, with the state park division managing the fund and any remaining balance eventually transferring to an existing state park donations account if the pier is not built. Members questioned maintenance costs, fundraising responsibility, and whether the account was necessary, but the Senate explained the fund was intended to provide a mechanism for private fundraising and future maintenance support.