Transcript Highlights:

• We have the technology to provide clean base-load electricity, and we're thumbing our nose at it and
• to provide clean have the technology to provide clean base<00:48:52.359> load base load base
• We have the technology to provide you penny-cheap electricity on a baseload basis.
• I have an insurance client who does testing technology on nuclear facilities all around the country.
• Technology on nuclear facilities all around the country.

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Summary: The Senate Energy, Utilities, Environment and Climate Committee heard Senate File 486, as amended by the A2 delete-everything amendment, which would create a supplemental, year-round energy assistance program administered by the Department of Commerce alongside LIHEAP. Senator Dibble said the bill is intended to help low-income households pay utility bills throughout the year, including summer months, by providing crisis grants, ongoing monthly assistance, emergency heating system repair or replacement help, outreach funding, and reporting requirements. The committee adopted the A2 amendment before hearing testimony on the bill as amended. Supportive testimony came from Annie Levenson-Faulk of the Citizens Utility Board, Jenny Glumac of the Minnesota Rural Electric Association, Amanda Mackey of Minnesota Valley Action Council, Ron Elwood of Legal Aid, Jamie Fitz of CenterPoint Energy, George Shardlow of the Energy CENTS Coalition, and Kent Sulum of the Minnesota Municipal Utilities Association. Witnesses said energy burdens are especially high in rural Minnesota, utility arrears and shutoffs have increased, and most shutoffs occur in summer when LIHEAP is unavailable. They argued that year-round assistance would help vulnerable households, reduce shutoffs, improve health and housing stability, and create administrative efficiencies by using existing LIHEAP infrastructure. Several witnesses cited data on the need for assistance, including high energy burdens in rural areas, more than 91,000 Minnesota households disconnected for non-payment in 2024, and the large share of LIHEAP recipients who are seniors, people with disabilities, children, or veterans. Amanda Mackey described a client story illustrating how energy assistance can stabilize a household and lead to broader benefits. Senator Mathews offered comments supporting help for households in need but said the bill is a stopgap and tied the need for expanded assistance to prior legislative actions that increased energy costs. The committee did not take final action on the bill in the portion of the transcript provided, and members indicated they would return to questions after testimony.

Transcript Highlights:

• And because we didn't have Bluetooth or any other technology, that's the only place we could do it.
• Bluetooth or And because we didn't have Bluetooth or any<00:04:25.600> other<00:04:25.760> technology
• ,<00:04:26.320> that's<00:04:26.520> the<00:04:26.600> only any other technology
• , that's the only any other technology, that's the only place<00:04:27.000> we<00:04:27.120>

Keywords: 919, house, all

Summary: Representative Swedzinski delivered a farewell-style floor speech as he finished his eighth term, thanking his family, parents, children, spouse, colleagues, staff, and lobbyists for their support and service. He shared personal stories about his mother’s work with Birthright, his late father, farm life, and raising five children while serving in the House, using those memories to reflect on the importance of family, faith, and public service. A major theme of the speech was bipartisanship and relationship-building. Swedzinski urged members not to focus on winning arguments over the other side, but on working together to build a better Minnesota, protect constitutional rights, life, liberty, and individual freedom, and strengthen families and communities. He emphasized that friendships across the aisle and shared commonalities can help overcome division. He also reflected on the passage of time and the significance of “firsts and lasts” in legislative life, noting the first speech on the House floor and the last time members bring children into the chamber. The remarks were not tied to a specific bill or vote; they were a closing tribute to service, institutional memory, and the opportunity to serve Minnesota.

Transcript Highlights:

• The good thing is that this is going to get, if it did vote, of course, is referred to Technology or
• to Internet and Technology.
• It has been voted out and it's being referred to Internet and Technology. Thank you.
• It has been voted out and it's being referred to Internet and Technology.

Keywords: 993, senate, all

Summary: The Senate Banking Committee met with Chair James Sanders Jr. and reviewed a full agenda of banking-related bills. Early action included approval of a bill requiring licensed check cashers to file suspicious activity reports, and a bill on civil penalties for fraud or misrepresentation in financial products or services, though several members objected to removing the intentionality standard and warned it could broaden enforcement too far and discourage lending in New York. The committee also advanced a bill prohibiting fees for periodic paper statements, a bill on asset-based lending transactions, and a bill requiring reporting of suspected financial exploitation. Members spent substantial time on a bill regulating automated lending decision tools. The sponsor and chair said the measure would allow AI use but require a human review or appeal if a borrower is denied, while some senators raised concerns about competitiveness for state-chartered banks and possible overlap with existing human oversight. The bill was reported out and referred to the Internet and Technology Committee for further review. The committee also approved a DFS study bill on the financial stability and licensing of the check-cashing industry, with a suggestion that the study also examine risks of expanding the industry. A major discussion centered on the “Deep Protection Act,” aimed at preventing foreclosures tied to deed theft. The sponsor described cases involving elderly homeowners and fraudulent transfers, while opponents argued the bill was vague, could create unintended consequences or private litigation, and might affect only a small share of mortgages because it applies to state-chartered institutions. The sponsor said the bill would be amended and noted interest in related county clerk reforms. The committee ultimately sent the bill to Judiciary. The final bills addressed mortgage payment schedule fees and unsolicited mail loan checks; both were approved. The meeting ended after the chair emphasized open debate and committee review as part of improving legislation.

Transcript Highlights:

• Just to remind members that this is a simple bill to allow the use of audio and/or audiovisual technology
• thereby streamlining the process and bringing us from the 90s to the present day as far as the technology
• Just to remind members that this is a simple bill to allow the use of audio and/or audiovisual technology
• thereby streamlining the process and bringing us from the 90s to the present day as far as the technology

Keywords: 1182, all

Transcript Highlights:

• It evaluates available and emerging technologies, safety benefits, costs, interoperability with existing
• review some of the items that we had concerns about, mainly the interoperability of the proposed technology
• Interoperability of the proposed technology with PTC systems in the trains themselves, we felt that the
• And so connecting that technology to something like this is really what we're speaking of, and that would

Summary: The Transportation Committee considered several bills and amendments. SB 1274, as amended, removed a number of unrelated transportation provisions and added items including local authority to lower residential speed limits, clarification that certain license plate frames do not obscure plates, FDOT funding for eligible rural airport projects, limits on yellow-light timing changes to intersections with red-light cameras, revisions to private use of license plate readers, and rules for direct payments to first-tier subcontractors. The amendment and the bill both passed favorably. SB 1310, as amended, would direct FDOT to study advanced detection and monitoring systems at public railroad crossings and report policy options to the governor and legislature; rail safety testimony supported the study while urging attention to interoperability and other safety concerns. The amendment and bill were adopted and reported favorably. The committee also heard SB 828 on extending sovereign immunity to private contractors providing public transit services. Supporters said it would reduce litigation costs, provide predictability, and help maintain affordable transit and paratransit service, especially in rural areas; opponents argued it was an overbroad expansion of sovereign immunity and could affect employee rights and accountability. After an amendment narrowing the language to contractors providing services rather than operating transit and removing subcontractor references, the bill passed favorably. SB 1378, which strengthens traffic enforcement by clarifying abandoned-vehicle removal, penalties for unlawful plates or stickers, and vehicle seizure authority for fleeing and eluding, also passed favorably with support from law enforcement-related testimony. The committee then confirmed a slate of appointees in tab 6 by one vote, with no objections. SB 1562, dealing with motor vehicle dealers and limiting concentration of a brand’s sales among a single dealer group once the brand has a meaningful Florida presence, was presented as a competition and dealer-diversity measure and passed favorably. Members later recorded additional affirmative votes on several tabs, and the chair noted this was likely the committee’s last meeting of the year before adjourning without objection.

Transcript Highlights:

• combinations of all those physical features I just mentioned, with increasingly electronic safety technology
• To this new technology that's going to keep, you know, evolving probably to the point someday where these
• Would have to be included in the inspection of vehicles that have that modern technology incorporated
• And to know that other states are also practicing this with the technology of autonomous vehicles.

Keywords: 996, all

Transcript Highlights:

• starting their shopping experience for homes these days online, we've had a big transition with technology
• starting their shopping experience for homes these days online, we've had a big transition with technology
• manufacturing sector by strengthening coordination, promoting the industry, and addressing workforce and technology
• workforce gaps for small manufacturers, and fund workforce training programs that incorporate new technologies

Summary: The Housing, Agriculture, and Tourism Subcommittee heard five bills and reported all of them favorably. House Bill 827, by Rep. Anderson, would require online real estate listings to disclose estimated ad valorem taxes based on the listing price rather than the seller’s current taxes, to reduce surprise tax increases for homebuyers. The bill drew support from the Property Appraisers Association of Florida, the Florida League of Cities, and the Florida Association of Counties, and passed unanimously after a technical amendment. House Bill 483, by Rep. Cobb, aimed to support Florida’s manufacturing sector by formally recognizing the chief manufacturing officer, creating a workforce development grant program, launching a voluntary promotional campaign for Florida-made products and manufacturing careers, and requiring biennial reporting. The bill received broad support from manufacturing, economic development, and business groups, was amended with technical cleanup language, and passed unanimously. House Bill 675, by Leader Driscoll, sought to expand affordable housing efforts by limiting Live Local Act incentives to affordable housing, extending affordability periods from 30 to 50 years, lowering the income cap for eligible units, and eliminating documentary stamp taxes for certain first-time homebuyers. After two amendments and supportive testimony from United Way Suncoast, the bill passed on a party-line style roll call with all members voting yes or excused. House Bill 495, by Rep. Albert, transferred golf course best management practices certification from the Department of Environmental Protection to the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services without changing the underlying BMP requirements. After an amendment clarified that all BMPs remain in place, the Florida Golf Course Superintendents Association testified in support, and the bill passed unanimously. House Bill 1497, by Rep. Hunschofsky, revised the My Safe Florida Condominium Pilot Program by narrowing eligibility to lower-income associations, removing a coastal-only requirement, and tying grants to completion of opening protection for all common elements; two amendments further refined eligibility and grandfathered pending applications. The Community Associations Institute supported the measure, and it also passed unanimously. The committee ended with remarks about the prior night’s softball game and then adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• And >> we heard today from the counties that they need better technology uh to get these error rates
• from the counties that they<00:03:27.840> need<00:03:28.159> better<00:03:28.560> technology
• <00:03:29.840> uh<00:03:29.920> to<00:03:30.159> get they need better technology
• uh to get they need better technology uh to get these<00:03:30.480> error<00:03:30.640> rates

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• They don't want the public to know their statistics in terms of case management, technology, etc.
• The intent of the exemption for wastewater was to incentivize oil and gas companies to invest in technologies
• A lot of this is because of the technology that people began to invest in from 2007 going forward.
• Emission Reduction Committee, the Tobacco Settlement Permanent Trust Account, and the Jobs Energy Technology

Bills: SB1211, SB1574, SB2774, SB2873, SB2900, HJR4

Keywords: hydraulic fracturing, sales tax exemption, oil and gas, environmental impact, water reuse, justice, judicial council, centers of excellence, court operations, recognition program, franchise tax, retail trade, tax classification, business regulation, economic impact, SB 2873, Texas Tax Code, electronic filing, e-filing, tax reports

Transcript Highlights:

• And so that may be... ...doing 100 up, 100 down, and so that may be giving people more inferior technology
• way to go to achieving this, but from the discussion, it appears that while there may be other technologies
• It has spurred the development, not just in the fiber but also in the technology with satellites and
• all... technology with satellites and all of this has made a progression, and I think this has been a

Keywords: 924, joint, all

Transcript Highlights:

• ONE OF THE THINGS THAT HAPPENED WITH THAT IS WE'VE CHANGED THE BATTERY TECHNOLOGIES.
• SO WE ARE REALLY UPDATING THE BILL TO MAKE TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE NEWER TECHNOLOGIES THAT EXIST IN THE
• BEING TAKEN AWAY AND SOME BY VERY SENSITIVE WATERWAYS THOUGH THIS IS A VERY PROMISING AND EXCITING TECHNOLOGY
• AND THIS WILL HELP IS A VERY PROMISING AND EXCITING TECHNOLOGY AND THIS WILL HELP THE REGULATORY BURDEN

Keywords: 999, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• He connected me with the Center for Humane Technology.
• The director of the Center for Humane Technology created infinite scrolling. ...technology created infinite
• If you read that book, it even says the social media technology and phones have made children more anxious

Bills: HB235, HB276, HB285

Keywords: social media, age verification, minors, under 16, children online safety, online privacy, platform regulation, deceptive trade practice, Attorney General, civil penalties, punitive damages, consumer protection, account creation, algorithmic feeds, internet safety, youth social media, minor safety, child online safety, teen accounts, parental controls

Transcript Highlights:

• CTA is the trade association representing the U.S. consumer technology industry.
• CTA is the trade association representing the U.S. consumer technology industry.
• CTA is the trade association representing the U.S. consumer technology industry.
• CTA is the trade association representing the U.S. consumer technology industry.
• manufacturers of electr Technologies manufacturers of electr Technologies collectively<00:37:14.040

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• among our global technology companies, and Minnesota alongside the nation is learning how to handle
• among our global technology companies, and Minnesota alongside the nation is learning how to handle
• among our global technology companies, and Minnesota alongside the nation is learning how to handle
• with the advent of new technologies with the advent of new technologies among<00:15:16.160> our
• our global technology companies, among our global technology companies, and<00:15:19.240> Minnesota

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• makes several important updates and ensures the program covers not only traditional information technology
• systems but also operational technology and systems that incorporate artificial intelligence.
• TECHNOLOGICAL LANDSCAPE STATE AND LOCAL PARTNERS ARE ACTUALLY OPERATING IN.
• SYSTEMS BUT ALSO OPERATIONAL TECHNOLOGY AND It emphasizes the importance of good cyber hygiene, modern
• configuration management, and alignment with frameworks developed by CISA and frameworks of technology

Keywords: U.S. House of Representatives Floor Proceedings on Monday, November 17, 2025, 1012, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Next up, we have the Department of Information Technology, if they're here.
• Information Technology and with me today Information Technology and with me today is<01:02:23.400>
• Technology Center with a request of 9.8 Technology Center with a request of 9.8 million<03:31:38.040>
• And then the one after that is pre-engineering technology in 2021, item two.
• 2019 NCC engineering technology 2019 NCC engineering technology renovation<05:03:18.520> that's

Keywords: 928, house, all

Summary: The Department of Administrative Services presented its capital budget process and priorities, explaining how agencies assess facility needs, rank projects, and submit requests to the governor’s office. DAS described its Plant and Property division, which maintains 96 state buildings, and Public Works, which develops detailed cost estimates for selected projects. Officials said the governor’s office has traditionally narrowed requests into priority tiers, but this year all projects were estimated, creating more work and less detail. They also emphasized that the capital budget book functions as legislative intent and can be binding on how approved funds are used. On the substance of the request, DAS highlighted several priorities: continued funding for the state ERP system upgrade to the cloud, with about $5 million requested for sustainability and related Treasury functions; emergency fund and annex renovation work; a sprinkler replacement at DMV; and elevator repairs at the main building. Karen Rocky also identified maintenance projects that rose in priority after a facility condition assessment, including HVAC work for Portsmouth Circuit Court and Coos County Courthouse, boilers and controls for Carroll County and Lebanon Circuit Court, brick repointing at the main building and annex, window replacement at Spalding, and Brown building elevator replacement. Officials noted that the governor’s proposed capital budget included fewer DAS projects than in past years and no projects for the Bureau of Court Facilities. The committee also discussed lapses and reprogramming of prior appropriations. DAS said the first eight projects approved in 2023 remain under construction and should be extended, while many 2021 projects are delayed because of ARPA-related workload and broader construction backlogs. Members reviewed a 2019 project list and agreed to lapse project number 49, the Spalding roof project, with about $81,000 remaining. DAS also said some small 2019 balances, including courthouse generators, a boiler, cooling and controls, roof and exterior repairs, and the State House Annex elevator, could be redirected through Capital Budget Overview toward the Hillsboro County South Cell Block project. The hearing ended with questions about project schedules, ARPA deadlines, and the division of authority between DoIT and DAS for the ERP system.

Transcript Highlights:

• We've been working with the North Dakota Information Technology Department to try to help provide these
• We've been working with the North Dakota Information Technology Department to try to help provide these
• Do you know if other states have gone to this approach of really changing the technology so that it's
• So has risk management taken that into consideration with the rising cost of technology?
• We can leverage technology where all of these programs can be interlinked.

Summary: The task force first approved the March 25, 2026 minutes as amended, including a correction removing language that suggested the auditor’s office would contract with a security vendor. Members then moved to a bill draft on concessions (LC 27.0161.00000), which would raise the competitive solicitation threshold from $25,000 to $50,000, allow requests for proposals in addition to bids, clarify that proceeds go to the entity’s operating fund or general fund, and make other technical updates. OMB explained the draft and answered questions about scope, fragmentation, vendor restrictions, school districts, and whether concession proceeds could be directed to nonprofits; OMB said the draft could be refined further, including clarifying covered entities and contract length. No vote was taken on the draft during the discussion. OMB also reported on other survey items. It said a proposal to broadly allow agencies to create pre-qualified architect/engineering/land surveying vendor pools would not move forward, because the existing authority is working well for the agencies that already have it. On legal notices, OMB said it has been working with the North Dakota Newspaper Association on modernization, including an ADA-compliant online notice system and possible statutory updates to reflect changing technology and notice definitions. On click-through agreements for routine IT purchases, OMB and the Attorney General’s office said policy clarification—not statutory change—was enough, and the $20,000 threshold was intended to distinguish low-dollar adhesive contracts from purchases where terms can be negotiated. The committee also heard that OMB and the Center for Distance Education had resolved questions about alternate procurements and food/beverage expenditures through existing policy, so no statutory changes were needed there. North Dakota University System representatives gave a brief update on ongoing collaboration with OMB on statutory efficiency ideas, including concessions and surplus property. Finally, the task force discussed a draft on requirements for new or expanded spending programs, which would require agencies to identify purpose, expected benefits, alternatives, success measures, and full implementation costs, and would require reporting on outcomes over time. Members debated whether OMB or Legislative Council should collect and report the information, how to use the new program evaluators, whether real-time dashboards should be used, and how to choose which programs to evaluate; staff from Legislative Council said they would work with OMB and the auditor’s office to revise the draft and process.

Transcript Highlights:

• practice, merchants serve as the distributed tax collection agents, yet they absorb 100% of the technology
• So if they know it, then the technology... ...remit their payment to the Commonwealth.
• So if they know it, then the technology exists within their system, where is the disconnect between that
• Now, there are still some merchants that haven't adopted the fraud technology available in that chip.
• What is the technology?

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The Special Legislative Commission on the Future of Payments and Sales Transactions by Credit Card and the Impacts for Small Businesses held a public hearing focused on interchange fees, sales tax and tip processing, chargebacks, fraud, surcharging, and the broader future of payment systems. Chair Paul Feeney and co-chair Rep. Jamie Murphy opened by explaining the commission’s charge and inviting testimony from small businesses, industry groups, banks, and policy experts. Representative Sean Garballey testified first, arguing that Massachusetts tourism depends on universal card acceptance and stable interchange, and urging the commission not to disrupt the current system ahead of major events expected to bring millions of visitors to the Commonwealth. A large portion of the hearing featured independent restaurant owners and advocates describing thin margins and the burden of paying percentage-based processing fees on sales tax and tips that are not business revenue. Jen Ziskin, Kristen Canty, Nancy Cushman, Kerry Colzer, and others said restaurants often operate on very small profits and that processing fees on taxes and gratuities can amount to tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars annually. Ryan Lotz also urged reforms to chargebacks, including refunding chargeback fees when merchants prevail, requiring consumers to contact businesses before disputing charges, and limiting repeat abuse. Commission members pressed witnesses on whether tax and tip amounts could be separated at the point of sale, and several witnesses said current consumer card systems do not transmit that level of detail. Testimony from credit union, banking, and payments representatives largely opposed state-level changes that would carve out taxes or tips from interchange, warning of compliance burdens, higher costs, reduced rewards, and possible effects on fraud protection and access to credit. Alex Verine of America’s Credit Unions and Deb Peters and Keely McEwen of the Electronic Payments Coalition said the payment system is complex, that interchange funds fraud prevention and network infrastructure, and that new state mandates could create operational and legal uncertainty. Dan Swanson argued states have authority to act and pointed to Illinois litigation and federal court rulings, while Julian Morris and Brad Popolado emphasized the benefits of card acceptance, the decline of cash, and the need to consider other payment methods and check fraud as well. Several witnesses discussed international payment systems, instant payments, and QR standards as possible future directions. The chairs and members engaged in extended back-and-forth with witnesses about whether Massachusetts could exempt sales tax from swipe fees, whether surcharging should be revisited, and whether vendor compensation or other targeted relief might be more workable than broad changes to interchange. No votes were taken. At the close of the hearing, the chairs said the commission would hold one additional public hearing date to be determined, after which members would begin developing next steps and a report.

Transcript Highlights:

• Lack of proximity to in-person classes and technology barriers to online learning continue to limit participation
• don't need to tell any of you this, especially in health care, hospitality, manufacturing, and technology
• A 2020... ...health care, hospitality, manufacturing, and technology sectors.
• services, education... ...skilled and non-degree positions in health care, human services, education, technology
• almost a century, American workers have not seen a reduction in their working hours despite large technological

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The Joint Committee on Labor and Workforce Development heard testimony on several workforce-related bills, with most of the hearing focused on ESOL and apprenticeship legislation, followed by testimony on a four-day workweek pilot and paid prenatal leave. On ESOL, witnesses including the Boston Foundation, Skillworks, MassINC, MIRA, JVS Boston, Eastern Bank, immigrant advocates, employers, and legislators supported H.2080/S.1326, arguing that Massachusetts has a large backlog of limited-English-proficiency residents waiting for classes, that ESOL is essential to economic mobility and immigrant integration, and that the state needs a coordinated, statewide strategy with more vocational and workplace-focused English instruction. Testifiers cited long waitlists, fragmented delivery across agencies, labor shortages, and examples of workplace English programs helping immigrants gain jobs, advance careers, and support businesses. Committee members asked questions about how vocational ESOL differs from standard classes, and witnesses explained that it focuses on job-specific language and workplace scenarios. The committee also heard strong support for H.2085/S.1303, which would require more use of registered apprentices on public construction projects over $1 million. Labor leaders from the Massachusetts AFL-CIO and Massachusetts Building Trades, along with electricians and apprentices, said the bill would help apprentices complete training by ensuring enough job-site hours, expand access to good union careers, and strengthen the construction workforce for housing, infrastructure, and clean energy work. Several witnesses defended existing apprenticeship ratios and electrical licensing standards, warning against deregulation and emphasizing safety. Committee members asked about project thresholds and apprenticeship ratios, and witnesses said the bill’s phased apprentice-hour requirement was intended to cover most public projects under current cost conditions. The committee then heard testimony on S.1330, a four-day workweek pilot program. Senator Dillon Fernandez and Representative Shirley Arriaga described the proposal as a response to burnout, affordability pressures, and changing workplace norms, arguing that a pilot would let Massachusetts study whether shorter workweeks improve productivity, retention, and worker well-being. Witnesses said the model could help families balance caregiving and commuting while maintaining or improving output. Finally, the committee took testimony on S.1361, establishing paid prenatal leave. Parents, health advocates, March of Dimes, and others said paid leave would help pregnant workers attend critical prenatal appointments, reduce missed care, and improve maternal and infant health outcomes. Several speakers shared personal stories about high-risk pregnancies, pregnancy loss, and the financial strain of taking unpaid time off. No votes were taken during the hearing; the committee primarily received testimony and asked a limited number of questions.

Transcript Highlights:

• $20 million for security in Jewish Day schools, $2.5 million for a new grant program to support technology-based
• for drug cost increases, $18.3 million to address food service inflation, and $19.8 million for technology
• drug cost increases, also 18.3 million to address food service inflation, and 19.8 million for technology
• Inflation and $19.8 million for technology needs, along with an additional $48.5 million in the back
• The budget also addresses a range of operational technology and workload needs for entities under the

Summary: The Senate took up the 2026-2027 budget package, beginning with an overview of the $115 billion General Appropriations Bill (SB 2500/HB 500). Appropriations Chair Hooper said the budget is smaller than last year’s, maintains strong reserves, and includes a 3% pay raise for all state employees and 5% raises for state law enforcement, firefighters, correctional officers, and park rangers. Committee chairs then highlighted major spending in their areas, including $34.9 billion for Pre-K-12 education, $11.9 billion for higher education, a $2.1 billion-plus increase in health and human services, $7.9 billion for criminal and civil justice, $16.8 billion for transportation/tourism/economic development, and major environmental and regulatory investments such as Everglades restoration, water quality, and land acquisition. Members asked detailed questions about several items. Topics included the Emergency Management Trust Fund, arts and cultural grants, Florida Forever land acquisition versus conservation easements, teacher salaries and charter school funding, New College funding, ADAP/HIV drug assistance, Medicaid rate reductions for non-critical access hospitals, DOC operational deficits and inmate health/food costs, judicial staffing, and school enrollment supplements. Chairs explained that some reductions reflected shifts in how scholarship and categorical funds are tracked, that the ADAP appropriation would take effect immediately upon enactment but would only cover part of the year, and that hospital reductions were tied to a broader DPP funding increase. Questions also covered lottery staffing, concealed carry licensing workload, and whether vacant positions were being eliminated as part of budget right-sizing. After the budget discussion, the Senate substituted House bills for the Senate budget bills and adopted amendments placing the Senate language onto the House vehicles. The chamber then passed HB 500, HB 503, and HB 5201, and agreed to conference on each. It also passed SB 7028/HB 5205 on retirement, SB 2506 on fuel taxes, SB 2508 on the state agency law enforcement radio system, SB 2510/HB 5401 on court trust funds, SB 2512 on judgeships, SB 2514 on K-12 education, SB 2516 on higher education, and SB 2518 on health, with each bill passing by unanimous or near-unanimous votes and then being sent to conference or requested of the House for concurrence.