Video & Transcript Research : 'security fees'

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HI

Hawaii 2025 Regular Session

FIN Info Briefing - Mon Jan 13, 2025 @ 9:00 AM HST

Hawaii House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • <00:18:02.039> Creative programs in cyber security Creative programs in cyber security Creative
  • and landing fees.
  • fees and what Landing<01:49:11.199> fees<01:49:12.119> and<01:49:12.199> so<01:
  • So the increases that you see for facility security statewide and for facility security at our inner-island
  • and<04:50:31.200> you<04:50:31.400> guys fees targeted impact fees and you guys fees
Keywords: 910, house, all
Summary: The House Finance Committee held an informational briefing with the University of Hawaiʻi, led by new President Wendy Hensel and Vice President for Budget and Finance Calbert Young. Hensel outlined the university system’s scope, student demographics, research activity, and campus missions, emphasizing four strategic priorities: serving Native Hawaiians and Hawaiʻi, student success, workforce development, and economic diversification through innovation and research. She highlighted the system’s enrollment, research funding, and the roles of Mānoa, Hilo, West Oʻahu, the community colleges, and specialized institutions such as JABSOM and the Cancer Center. Young then reviewed the budget request, focusing largely on making prior one-time appropriations permanent and supporting recurring needs. Items included funding for Mānoa athletics, the Hawaiʻi Institute for Marine Biology, K-12 teacher education, Pamantasan Council support, Hilo programs, Windward’s mental health technician certificate, Maui’s practical nursing bridge program, and student support positions such as financial aid and admissions counselors. He also described workforce-related requests tied to nursing expansion at Mānoa and West Oʻahu, as well as facilities support at West Oʻahu. A major portion of the testimony addressed the university’s two Kakaʻako medical facilities. Young explained that declining tobacco settlement and cigarette tax revenues are no longer sufficient to cover debt service for JABSOM and the Cancer Center, so the governor’s budget includes general fund support to supplement those obligations. He also described a regents-approved request not included in the governor’s proposal: expanding the Hawaiʻi Promise financial aid program to the four-year campuses, estimated at about $11–12 million. No votes or formal committee actions were taken during the briefing.
WY

Wyoming 2026 Regular Session

House Travel, Recreation, Wildlife & Cultural Resources, February 10, 2026

Travel, Recreation, Wildlife & Cultural Resources

Transcript Highlights:
  • Just uh represent council... discussion about um security devices discussion about um security devices
  • And as a mom myself, knowing that if that security system is actually as secure as we think it is.
  • And as a mom myself, knowing that if that security system is actually as secure as we think it is.
  • And as a mom myself, knowing that if that security system is actually as secure as we think it is.
  • concern is related to security locks. concern is related to security locks.
Bills: SF0052, SF0024
MN

Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session

Committee on Taxes - 04/09/25

Taxes

Transcript Highlights:
  • But we're going to damn well Security.
  • What they're doing is they're messing up the Social Security system.
  • messing up the social security system. messing up the social security system.
  • So, people who rely on social security So, people who rely on social security system<01:29:39.040
  • <01:31:44.679> argument not the the the social security argument not the the the social security
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
AL

Alabama 2026 Regular Session

Alabama House Judiciary Committee Mar 11th, 2026

Judiciary

Transcript Highlights:
  • Uh, security commissions are given the authority to enforce this act.
  • Uh, security commissions are given the authority to enforce this act.
  • Uh, security commissions are given the authority to enforce this act.
  • Uh, security commissions are given the authority to enforce this act.
  • filing filing fee in subsection A. filing filing fee in subsection A.
Keywords: 1136, house, all
HI

Hawaii 2025 Regular Session

JHA Public Hearing - Tue Feb 11, 2025 @ 2:00 PM HST

Judiciary & Hawaiian Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • <00:55:12.280> and fee districts must pay impact fees and fee districts must pay impact fees
  • There are funds into which the school impact fees have been deposited.
  • fees uh basically is designed to impact fees uh basically is designed to pick<00:58:02.400> up
  • into which the school impact fees into which the school impact fees Collective<00:59:07.920>
  • So the impact fee law is kind of bifurcated at the moment.
Keywords: 910, house, all
Summary: The committee heard three House bills related to the Department of Hawaiian Homelands. HB 606 would extend the Act 279 special fund to June 30, 2028, continue deposits and appropriations to help eliminate the DHHL waitlist, and require a strategic plan and annual reporting. DHHL strongly supported the measure, saying most of the initial $600 million had been used and that the need remains large, with more than 29,000 people on the waitlist. Public testimony also supported the bill, emphasizing its importance to Native Hawaiian families and concerns about Hawaiians leaving the islands because of housing costs. A member noted the bill is a priority and that the committee will keep working on how to fund another $600 million. HB 1086 would exempt DHHL homestead lot and housing development from general excise and use taxes. DHHL supported the bill, saying any tax savings would reduce the eventual cost of housing for low-income beneficiaries. The Department of Taxation said it could administer the measure and noted it is already being implemented under the governor’s emergency proclamation, with a proposed effective date of January 1, 2026. The Tax Foundation of Hawaii offered technical comments and urged the committee to weigh existing benefits already received by DHHL beneficiaries. HB 1307 would appropriate funds for DHHL water well development and geothermal exploration on Hawaiian homelands. DHHL said the bill is a follow-up to prior study funding and would support slim-hole drilling, site evaluation, and consultant work to identify viable geothermal resources, especially on Hawaiʻi Island. Several testifiers opposed the bill, arguing there had been inadequate beneficiary consultation, raising environmental, cultural, and safety concerns, and objecting to using $20 million for geothermal rather than housing. In response to committee questions, DHHL staff explained that the goal is to gather information for a future public-private partnership to develop geothermal electricity, and that a Chapter 343 environmental review would be required later in the process. No votes were taken during the portion of the meeting provided.
AZ

Arizona 2026 Regular Session

04/01/2026 - Senate Floor Session

Arizona Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • The bill allows a person to use the Social Security.
  • It turns out the requirements for Social Security are just a little bit more strict, so this is just
  • It turns out the requirements for Social Security are just a little bit more strict, so this is just
  • And whereas the farm workers movement helped secure landmark laws and regulations across the country,
  • And the sports betting fees. Join us for a lively discussion.
Keywords: 1182, all
TX

Texas 89th Regular

Licensing & Administrative Procedures May 6th, 2025

Licensing & Administrative Procedures

Transcript Highlights:
  • Two hundred and five dollars for licensing fees, life-saving measures like CPR and AEDs can increase
  • It creates a framework to ensure the transactions are secure, transparent, and made only by eligible
  • A licensee fee for each courier service will go to the foundation school fund.
  • We offer a secure platform for ordering official state lottery tickets.
  • So we would do it securely, we would do it safely, in a modern way.
MN

Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session

Committee on Environment, Climate and Legacy - 04/08/25

Environment, Climate, and Legacy

Transcript Highlights:
  • This account tied to the fee increase.
  • There is the Senate park fee increase.
  • The Senate proposal does fee increase.
  • Um uh to increase the AIS boat fee.
  • <01:04:19.520> a tirelessly to secure and uphold. a tirelessly to secure and uphold. a direct
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
WV

West Virginia 2026 Regular Session

Senate in Session Mar 11th, 2026 at 08:02 pm

West Virginia Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Engrossed House Bill 5323, relating to indexing of license and stamp fees, second reading of the bill
  • Engrossed House bill 5323 relating to indexing of license and stamp fees.
  • relating to indexing of license and stamp fees, second reading of the bill.
  • The strike-and-insert amendment would require the Chief Information Security Officer to ensure...
  • House Bill 5689, Supplemental Appropriation, Department of Homeland Security.
Keywords: 994, senate, all
OK
Transcript Highlights:
  • But this is really the four major recommendations that we Are the focus areas for a secure water supply
  • This would eliminate the barriers for securing state and federal dollars.
  • I heard rumors that you were going to raise the fee to $1,700 or $1,800.
  • so we could charge a fee to recover some of those costs.
  • So, the thing with the fee is we would, if the fee goes forward, and I don't know that's the board's
Keywords: 914, all
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Local Government Committee Apr 22nd, 2026

Local Government

Transcript Highlights:
  • accordance with the Mitigation Fee Act.
  • and prohibiting impact fees on ADUs that are 750 square feet or smaller, requiring that fees for larger
  • We see firsthand how these fees impact working-class families.
  • totaling up to $28,000 in fees alone.
  • And that's the importance of these impact fees.
Summary: The committee heard several bills focused on wildfire resilience, land use, and local government transparency. SB 911 by Senator Becker would require notification to fire enforcement agencies when a home in a high fire severity zone is sold with an agreement for the buyer to bring the property into defensible-space compliance; the California Association of Realtors said it would drop opposition if the bill is amended to use the preliminary change of ownership report, and the bill passed 4-0 to Appropriations. SB 994 by Senator Cabaldon would bar local officials from signing nondisclosure agreements that prevent them from sharing information with the elected decision-makers of their jurisdiction; supporters framed it as a transparency measure, and it also passed 4-0 to Appropriations. SB 1041 by Senator Riggins would expand PACE financing for wildfire home-hardening improvements and add consumer protections, but it drew strong opposition from homeowner advocates, county treasurers, bankers, and others over predatory lending and lien concerns; it passed 3-2 and remained on call. The committee also considered SB 1075 by Senator Reyes, which would require local governments in AB 617 communities to consider air-quality reduction measures in land-use approvals for industrial and commercial projects. Environmental justice groups supported the bill as a way to implement community air plans, while counties, cities, business groups, builders, trucking interests, and others opposed it as duplicative of CEQA and a barrier to investment and jobs. After debate over local control and environmental justice, the bill passed 3-2 and remained on call. SB 958 by Senator Cabaldon would advance the Midway Rising redevelopment project in San Diego, replacing a former arena and parking lots with housing, affordable units, parks, and a new entertainment venue; with no opposition voiced, it passed 3-0 to Appropriations. Another wildfire-related measure, SB 1182 by Senator Allen, would require local governments to consider insurance availability in safety planning for development in high fire hazard areas and direct state technical guidance on the issue. Supporters said insurance access is now a key indicator of risk, while some members questioned whether the bill would add useful information or burden local governments; the bill received a 1-1 vote and remained on call. The committee then began hearing SB 1116 by Senator Caballero, a starter-home/infill housing bill creating a streamlined ministerial path for small projects up to 10 units, but the transcript cuts off before testimony or a vote on that measure.
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Assembly Insurance Committee Mar 19th, 2025

Transcript Highlights:
  • led to certain abuses and complaints to the California Department of Insurance, such as excessive fees
  • led to certain abuses and complaints to the California Department of Insurance, such as excessive fees
  • States like Kentucky, Florida, and Texas have already implemented stricter limits on adjuster fees to
  • States like Kentucky, Florida, and Texas have already implemented stricter limits on adjuster fees to
  • AB 597 provides essential protections from price gouging by imposing a 15% cap on public adjuster fees
Summary: The committee first heard AB 597, a bill to strengthen consumer protections for disaster survivors who use public adjusters. The author and the Department of Insurance said the measure would cap public adjuster fees at 15% for claims tied to declared disasters, require clearer contracts, prohibit solicitation during emergency conditions, and allow consumers to rescind contracts that were solicited during prohibited periods. Insurance industry groups supported the bill, while public adjuster representatives opposed it as written but said they were willing to work on revisions. The committee approved the bill and re-referred it to Appropriations; the roll call was ultimately recorded as 16-0. The committee then held its fourth oversight hearing on the Department of Insurance’s Sustainable Insurance Strategy, with Commissioner Ricardo Lara giving an extensive update on wildfire-related market reforms and consumer protections. He said the recent Southern California wildfires had not derailed the strategy and described actions including advance claim payments, a one-year moratorium on residential non-renewals in affected areas, a new fraud strike team, smoke-damage claim guidance, additional living expense protections, and a consumer claims tracker. He reported more than $12.1 billion in claims paid, over 37,000 claims filed, and more than 7,000 survivors assisted directly. He also discussed related bills and reforms, including AB 597, SB 495, SB 547, SB 429, SB 616, AB 888, and AB 2026. Members questioned the commissioner about the Fair Plan’s growing exposure, the $1 billion assessment, rate increases, non-renewals, underinsurance, and whether the reforms would actually stabilize the market. Lara said the assessment was already approved, that policyholders would not be hit with one large bill because insurers have two years to recover costs, and that the department was pushing insurers to use catastrophe modeling and reinsurance tools in exchange for commitments to write more policies in wildfire-distressed areas. He said the department expects to see market stabilization by 2026, though he emphasized the timeline depends on insurer participation, implementation of the new regulations, and future disaster activity. Members generally expressed support for the goals of the strategy while pressing for clearer expectations for consumers and faster action on mitigation and market reform.
KY
Transcript Highlights:
  • thousands of dollars in legal fees thousands of dollars in legal fees challenging<00:27:15.919><
  • holistic approach is to security holistic approach is to security and<01:15:26.719> then<
  • And I think that's a very important point for me to make as it relates to security and what security
  • <01:18:33.920> as<01:18:34.159> it security and what security means as it security
  • software security.
Summary: The committee met to approve the October 21 minutes and then took up BR 25 for the 2026 regular session, a proposal relating to prohibited uses of tax dollars and public resources. The sponsors said the bill is intended to strengthen existing law by adding civil and criminal penalties for taxpayer-funded advocacy on ballot questions, especially in light of controversies during the 2024 election over school officials and districts using public resources to oppose a constitutional amendment. They also described related concerns about school districts hiring third-party lobbyists and public relations firms, particularly in Fayette County, and said the proposal was meant to keep tax dollars focused on public services rather than political persuasion. Committee members raised several concerns about scope and drafting. Some asked whether the bill should specifically mention schools, school boards, and school employees, and the sponsors said they would add that language. Others questioned whether the measure would also affect local government lobbying through groups like KLC and KCO, and the sponsors said they intended to focus narrowly on schools while exempting certain advocacy organizations and internal government lobbyists. Members also asked whether public employees could still speak as private individuals, and the sponsors said yes. Several members suggested splitting the lobbying and ballot-advocacy issues into separate bills, and the sponsors said they would consider that. Members also pressed for clarification on how the bill would apply in practice, including whether it would cover legal challenges to petition drives or only advocacy after a question is on the ballot. Counsel for the sponsors said the bill would not cover some petition-related litigation as drafted, though they believed it should. The sponsors and supporters argued the proposal was needed to give the existing prohibition real enforcement, while some members warned that the language could unintentionally limit legitimate public representation or be too broad if not carefully drafted. No final vote was taken during the discussion.
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Assembly Human Services Committee Apr 23rd, 2026

Transcript Highlights:
  • Increasing these fees should significantly grow the child health and safety funds.
  • To the author, could you respond to the fees on this? Respond to which?
  • Lastly, they might not want to pay the annual service fee, which is required.
  • Every month, child support garnishes $50 from my Social Security.
  • Every month, child support garnishes $50 from my Social Security.
Summary: The committee heard a series of child and family services bills, with testimony from authors, county officials, advocates, and members of the public. AB 2083 would authorize a regional child care special district for Marina Valley and Paris; there was no public opposition, but a vice chair raised concerns about lack of outreach to Riverside County and possible added fees for residents. The bill was held pending quorum and later noted as enjoying a due pass recommendation, though no final roll was taken in the excerpt. AB 1579, which expands the Children’s Crisis Continuum Pilot Program to allow additional CDSS-approved residential models, drew strong support from San Francisco County, Seneca Family of Agencies, and several counties and advocacy groups, who argued the current crisis residential model is financially and operationally unworkable and leaves youth in hospitals or emergency departments. The Youth Law Center and allied organizations opposed the bill, saying it departs from the original small, community-based crisis model and could lead to more institutional care. The committee passed the bill 6-0 to Appropriations. AB 1628 would extend California’s safe surrender window for newborns from 72 hours to 30 days. The author and fire service supporters said the change would better reflect postpartum recovery and help prevent unsafe abandonment; there was no opposition, and the bill passed 6-0. AB 1634, dealing with the “Kids” specialty license plate program, sought to raise plate fees and revise distribution formulas to generate more revenue for child safety and child care programs. Supporters said the update would modernize outdated 1992 pricing and expand county access, while a committee member objected that the bill would reallocate funds away from state agencies and private nonprofits; the bill was moved on a 5-0 vote with some members not voting. AB 1643 would streamline child support enrollment by having courts transmit support orders directly to child support agencies unless a custodial parent opts out. Supporters said automatic enrollment would reduce poverty and remove paperwork barriers, while opponents warned it could undermine parent choice and create problems for families with sensitive circumstances. The committee passed the bill 6-0. AB 1708 would require regions receiving HHAP homelessness funds to more meaningfully engage smaller cities; many city officials supported it as a way to include jurisdictions that are doing local homelessness work, while Los Angeles’ mayor’s office opposed it. The bill passed 5-0. AB 2395 would standardize access to the child support debt reduction program; supporters described it as a way to help low-income obligors escape uncollectible government-owed debt, while receiving parents and child support agencies warned it could reduce money owed to families and needs more work. The bill passed 4-0. The committee then began AB 1914, which would require local governments to plan for child care in general plans; supporters framed child care as essential infrastructure, while at least one member raised concerns about state mandates on local jurisdictions, and the excerpt ends before any vote.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Committee on Judiciary and Public Safety - 03/26/25

Judiciary and Public Safety

Transcript Highlights:
  • But if not, then we need to have a serious discussion about delaying the fee.
  • But if not, then we need to have a serious discussion about delaying the fee.
  • But if not, then we need to have a serious discussion about delaying the fee.
  • But if not, then we need to have a serious discussion about delaying the fee.
  • bipartisan basis if you can find a fee bipartisan basis if you can find a fee somewhere<02:11:20.159
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
NM

New Mexico 2026 Regular Session

Senate - Finance Jan 29th, 2026 at 02:15 pm

Senate Finance

Transcript Highlights:
  • have a core team, all the co-founders, a lot of our core engineering team that worked on national security
  • And so I, you know, with the labs, the existing national security workforce and infrastructure, it just
  • long-term economic growth, high-paying jobs, and national security relevance for decades to come.
  • It also covers fees for lottery students. Tuition and fees for returning students.
  • It also covers fees for lottery students.
Keywords: 996, all
TX

Texas 89th Regular

Appropriations - S/C on Articles I, IV, & V Feb 27th, 2025

Appropriations - S/C on Articles I, IV, & V

Transcript Highlights:
  • GRD 5173 is funded by revenues generated from forensic analyst licensing. testing fees, which occurs
  • The Texas Forensic Science Commission, they're using a new license renewal fee collection model.
  • generated through the collection of registration of test fees and test fees.
  • The agency had indicated that they would consider raising these fees, but wanted to be careful not to
  • Moving on to Item 9, Border Security.
Keywords: 1184, house, all
TX

Texas 89th 2nd C.S.

Licensing & Administrative Procedures May 6th, 2025

Licensing & Administrative Procedures

Transcript Highlights:
  • . $205 for licensing fees, life saving measures like CPR and AEDs. AEDs increased chance of life.
  • And if they don't turn around in 14 days, they have to refund the fees.
  • Done right, these services are more secure than transactions made at gas stations or other brick and
  • We offer a secure platform for ordering official state lottery tickets.
  • Texans deserve secure, convenient, modern access to the lottery and have shown a strong desire for it
Bills: SB 28
HI

Hawaii 2026 Regular Session

JHA Public Hearing - Tue Mar 3, 2026 @ 2:00 PM HST

Judiciary & Hawaiian Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • And House Draft 1 specifically addresses national security and other things that people don't trust the
  • Those mailers offered to process the consumer's annual registrations for a fee.
  • Those mailers offered to process the consumer's annual registrations for a fee.
  • Those mailers offered to process the consumer's annual registrations for a fee.
  • fee amounts for<00:36:15.920> evaluative<00:36:16.400> remediation<00:36:17.040> and
Keywords: 910, house, all
Summary: The committee heard testimony on several measures. HB 1957, relating to safe entryways, would create enforcement procedures in large cities to prevent personal property from blocking private doorways or entrances. The Department of the Attorney General supported the concept but recommended moving the offense to the criminal code, adding clearer definitions to avoid vagueness, and including notice, inventory, storage, and property-disposition procedures to address constitutional concerns. No other testimony was offered and no questions were raised. HB 25003/HB 253, relating to fireworks, would expand civil asset forfeiture for certain fireworks offenses, revise the definition of aerial device, and clarify air-delivery offenses. The Attorney General supported the bill but suggested removing the 25-pound weight threshold to avoid unequal treatment of similar offenses. The Department of Law Enforcement also supported the measure, saying it would improve clarity for evolving fireworks investigations and prosecutions. The committee took no action during testimony. HB 2137, relating to artificial intelligence, would prohibit certain harmful uses of realistic AI-generated digital imitations, require disclosures, and create civil remedies and fines. The Commission on the Status of Women supported the bill, while the Hawaiian Islands Republican Women opposed it on First Amendment grounds. The Motion Picture Association, Recording Industry Association of America, and SAG-AFTRA also opposed the bill but said they preferred a different framework, the federal “No Fakes” model, and were willing to work with the committee on amendments. The Attorney General had suggested constitutional amendments, which the chair said would be considered later. The committee also heard HB 2198 on prediction markets, with the Honolulu prosecutor strongly supporting inclusion of prediction markets in the gambling definition because of concerns about speculative betting on events and national security-related outcomes. HB 1511 on consumer protection drew support from the Office of Consumer Protection and the Insurance Division, with OCP proposing clearer disclosure for license and registration renewal solicitations. HB 1897 on condominium alternative dispute resolution received supportive comments from the Real Estate Commission and CI. HB 1642 on crypto kiosks drew strong support from OCP and AARP Hawaii for a ban on kiosks accepting U.S. currency, but opposition from Hill Ventures, which argued for regulation and guardrails instead of a ban. HB 1753 on social media account deletion received supportive comments from DCCA on clarifying deletion of unique identifiers and inferences. HB 1654 on anonymous complaints against public employees drew strong opposition from the Attorney General over implementation and due process concerns, while the Government Employees Association supported it as a way to screen baseless complaints; the committee then moved on to HB 1659 on collective bargaining, with testimony beginning as the transcript ended.
KY
Transcript Highlights:
  • <00:25:07.520> a that's again another way to secure a that's again another way to secure a
  • Now, um, there is a $6 transaction fee that happens per deed transfer and mortgage recording fee each
  • There is no recurring fee each.
  • we're going to on the other fee? we're going to on the other fee?
  • asking me for 7500 for the closing fees. asking me for 7500 for the closing fees.
Summary: The Housing Task Force heard a presentation from Anita Sanford of the Homebuilders Association of Kentucky and Sheri Cybert of Indiana’s Residential Infrastructure Fund about Indiana’s low-interest loan program for local housing infrastructure. They described the program as a voluntary, locally driven model that helps communities finance roads, sewers, sidewalks, traffic lights, turning lanes, and other infrastructure needed for new housing development. Sanford emphasized that infrastructure and regulation are major drivers of housing costs, citing estimates that infrastructure can account for up to 30% of a home’s cost and regulations another 25%, and said the association is studying Kentucky-specific regulatory costs. She also noted that every $1,000 added to new home construction can price out about 2,000 Kentucky households. Cybert explained that Indiana’s program, administered through the Indiana Finance Authority, began in 2023 with $75 million appropriated over two years and has since closed 17 loans totaling $60.7 million, with more than 2,700 projected housing units. The program reserves 70% of funds for rural communities and 30% for urban communities, requires applications from local governments rather than developers, and asks communities to show need through a market study, describe the infrastructure and housing to be built, and provide preliminary engineering plans and a repayment source. She said the loans currently carry an interest rate around 3.5%, reset quarterly, and that the program has generated about $25 million in savings to communities compared with private borrowing. She also described recent Indiana legislative changes that encourage higher density and other zoning reforms, and said a majority of those local ordinance changes must be adopted for an application to be fundable. Members asked about the ordinance requirements, the funding split between rural and urban areas, repayment mechanisms, and whether there were caps on project size. Cybert said repayment is worked out case by case, often through existing or project-specific TIFs, temporary tax agreements, or letters of credit, and that the program has no cap on request size or income/affordability restrictions. She said the largest request funded was $19 million for a 700-unit project. Co-chair Mills and others discussed whether Kentucky could adopt a similar model and what it would cost, while Sanford and Cybert said they were still refining budget estimates. Later, Scott Welch, president of the Homebuilders Association of Kentucky, testified that upfront infrastructure costs are a major barrier in his projects, citing a $1 million pump station and road-widening and utility relocation costs as examples, and said an infrastructure fund would help get projects off the ground.