Video & Transcript Research : 'subsurface utilities'
Page 136 of 471
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- To be clear, we are... ...are committed to the respectful, ethical sourcing and utilization of human
- It's truly a gift to be able to utilize human tissue to further medicine in the state of Texas.
- , a new device, they would utilize a specimen or shoulder to do the arthroscopy.
- engineers, and industry really relies on labs as well, where oftentimes the human specimens are utilized
- Accepted by the Joint Commission, the National Committee of Quality Assurance, the Utilization Review
Keywords:
e-cigarettes, marketing prohibition, youth protection, criminal penalties, public health, school funding, education reform, state budget, property taxes, equity in education, health care, licensing, complaint procedure, disciplinary action, law enforcement, death records, vital statistics, healthcare, trauma facility, Medicaid
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Assembly Business and Professions Committee Apr 22nd, 2025
Business and Professions
Transcript Highlights:
- threat to public infrastructure, disrupting essential services like communications, public safety, utilities
- Safety hazards for drivers, pedestrians, vandalism, utility boxes plunge neighborhoods into darkness.
- Trent Smith on behalf of the California Municipal Utilities Association in support. Thank you.
- This is not uncommon with utilities.
- Utility conflicts and future safety issues that could have been avoided with professional oversight.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Every student and every classroom in the education building was utilized.
- Members, law enforcement officers are legally justified to utilize force in many situations to bring
- This bill will ease fears associated with new technology and would allow law enforcement to utilize a
- They utilized the equipment that they were required to use that was issued to them by their department
- The chairman pointed out that an officer who utilizes non-lethal equipment inappropriately or not within
Bills:
SB552, SB1099, SB1124, SB1208, SB1372, SB1506, SB1667, SB1804, SB1806, SB1870, SB1936, SB1937, SB2180, SB2405, SB2569, SB2570, SB1646
Keywords:
community supervision, criminal justice, illegal alien, deferred adjudication, Texas Code of Criminal Procedure, SB 1099, undocumented immigrant, unauthorized immigrant, immigration status, felony sentencing enhancement, criminal penalty increase, Texas Penal Code, Code of Criminal Procedure, affirmative finding, judgment finding, deportation, public safety, immigration enforcement, sentencing reform, felony offense
NH
New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session
House Municipal and County Government (02/10/2025)
Municipal and County Government
Transcript Highlights:
- to be dispersed of different utilities to be dispersed of different utilities different<01:31:15.000
- <01:45:51.080>
our sure that tourists who utilize our sure that tourists who utilize our communities - <03:44:52.560>
carbon utilize carbon utilize carbon sequestration So you're, let's say you have - It has never been utilized.
- um it's not possible to really utilized um it's not possible to really utilize<04:50:30.520>
it
MO
Missouri 2026 Regular Session
Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Task Force Jun 25th, 2026
Transcript Highlights:
- And I think the data supports that individuals who utilize syringe service programs are four to five
- I think it's a really... that utilize syringe service programs are four to five times more likely to
- And we utilize it to the best that we can.
- We are authorized to draft legislation, to utilize capital staff, to utilize these types of spaces, to
- “We are authorized to draft legislation, to utilize capital staff, to utilize these types of spaces,
Summary:
The meeting focused on Missouri’s substance use prevention and treatment system, with repeated emphasis on recovery support services, peer support, recovery housing, transportation, and harm reduction. Dan Haniken of Into Action described his own recovery from addiction and incarceration and argued that treatment alone is not enough; he urged greater investment in recovery housing, peer support, employment, and community-based supports that help people stay sober and avoid relapse. Members asked about funding sources, program capacity, referrals, treatment court, transportation, and how Into Action supports people on medication-assisted treatment (MAT). Haniken said the organization is funded through a mix of federal, state, county, city, foundation, and private donations, and that housing and transportation remain major barriers, especially because support is often funded for too short a period compared with the longer time people need to stabilize.
Matt Cushman of the Raytown Fire Protection District gave a strong endorsement of harm reduction, including naloxone distribution, syringe service programs, and broader decriminalization of harm reduction tools. He argued that stigma is a major barrier to care and that Missouri should expand access to clean needles, test strips, and other services, while also improving access to MAT in jails and communities. Committee members questioned the evidence base, the role of faith-based providers, and whether safe consumption sites should be pursued; Cushman said syringe exchange decriminalization should be the immediate priority, while safe consumption sites are a longer-term issue. He also described community paramedicine and mobile integrated health as valuable but funding-dependent, and said naloxone distribution is improving but still uneven, especially in rural and minority communities.
Representatives from Central Ozarks Medical Center and Four Rivers Community Health Center highlighted the importance of peer support specialists, community health workers, care coordinators, and wraparound services in rural health centers. COMC’s Morgan McClure and Monet Lehman described a jail reentry program in Pulaski County, with Lehman sharing her trauma and recovery story and explaining how she helps incarcerated people prepare for release with housing, employment, benefits, transportation, and treatment connections. Four Rivers’ Devon Polarys and Cassandra Trout said their CEO would change Missouri policy to allow FQHCs to receive reimbursement for peer support and community health worker services similar to CCBHCs, arguing that these roles are essential for addressing barriers like transportation, housing, food insecurity, and insurance. Members discussed confusion over reimbursement rules, the differences between FQHCs and CCBHCs, and the need for better funding and clearer policy for peer and community health worker services. No votes were taken; the discussion ended with a suggestion to bring in a subject matter expert on community health workers for a future session.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Anonymous threat reporting 3/24/26
Minnesota House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- When MDE collects data, we have responsibilities to ensure utilization of these reporting systems utilization
- The data, however, would be fairly limited in utility and validation without resources to provide the
- The data, however, would be fairly limited in utility and validation without resources to provide the
- The data, however, would be fairly limited in utility and validation without resources to provide the
- <00:36:03.359>
in um would have limited uh utility in um would have limited uh utility in
Summary:
The committee heard House File 3764, as amended by the DE1 amendment, which would allow school districts and charter schools to create local anonymous threat reporting systems. Representative Nadeau described the bill as an optional framework that would support 24/7 anonymous tips through an app, hotline, or website, use trained crisis counselors and school-based teams, coordinate with 911 and law enforcement when needed, require public awareness efforts and student training, and direct districts to report usage data to the Department of Education. The chair adopted the DE1 amendment, and the bill was moved before the committee with the intent to place it on the general register.
Testimony was largely supportive. Chris Linquist of St. Francis Area Schools said his district has used the Sandy Hook Promise reporting system since 2023-24 and credited it with helping identify bullying, mental health crises, and other safety concerns outside school hours. Alexandra Fitz Simmons of Children’s Defense Fund Minnesota said anonymous reporting systems are an important prevention tool because students are often the first to see warning signs before violence occurs. Representative Lawrence also praised the bill for being encouraged rather than mandated and emphasized local control.
Rick Kaufman, speaking for several school organizations, supported the concept but said the bill still lacked clear standards for how tips are evaluated and shared with school officials, and he urged stronger coordination and funding for staffing and training. Joe Oonie of the Department of Education said the department supports anonymous reporting systems but raised concerns about the costs of building data collection and reporting infrastructure, FERPA safeguards, and the need for resources to implement the bill effectively. Chair Bennett pushed back on the funding objection, arguing the department should be able to handle the reporting within existing resources, and Representative Roach later asked whether the department had higher-priority uses for its carryover funds. No final vote on the bill itself was taken in the portion provided, beyond adoption of the DE1 amendment.
NM
New Mexico 2025 Regular Session
IC - Mortgage Finance Authority Act Oversight May 28th, 2025
Mortgage Finance Authority Act Oversight Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- assistance to new buyers, uh, the $10,000 what does that translate into in terms of, uh, is that utilized
- And the reason I say that is because the utility costs in the world of utilities is going in that direction
- And stay in their home, we need to level off, uh, and make their utilities more affordable.
- The high utilities.
- So maybe you own your home but you can't afford your property taxes, you can't afford the utilities,
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Minnesota House committee considers bill to tax social media platforms, HF3117 4/9/25
Transcript Highlights:
- <00:35:44.160>
Um, <00:35:44.800>you utilizing a certain service. - Um, you utilizing a certain service.
- our workforce systems to the data centers that are, um, looking to come and get a blank check and utilize
- <00:47:03.280>
and come and get a blank check um and come and get a blank check um and utilize - our resources that it sends a utilize our resources that it sends a strong<00:47:06.319>
incentive
Summary:
The committee took up House File 3117, which would impose an excise tax on social media companies based on Minnesota monthly users and data-mining activity, and adopted an A1 amendment that added clarifying language identifying social media platforms. Chair Gomez described the bill as a way to tax companies profiting from data mining and social media use, citing concerns about child bullying, misinformation, and wealth concentration. The bill was laid over for possible inclusion in the 2025 taxes bill.
Supporters testified that the measure would help raise revenue from a highly profitable industry and better align the tax code with the social costs of data collection and social media use. Pastor Julie Thompson, MAPE representative Tanner Fritzinger, Council Member Sue Bud, and Eric Bernstein of We Make Minnesota all backed the bill, arguing that social media companies extract value from users’ data, contribute to mental health and social harms, and should pay more toward public needs. Bernstein also framed the tax as a way to broaden the tax base and fund schools and other services.
Opponents warned that the bill could sweep in local broadcasters, newspapers, and other businesses that use digital platforms and collect some user data, and that costs would likely be passed on to consumers. Wendy Pollson of the Minnesota Broadcasters Association said the definitions were too broad and could unintentionally include local media. Deb Peters, speaking for Americans for Digital Opportunity, argued the tax would raise costs for small businesses and consumers, create legal risks, and amount to double taxation. Several members echoed concerns about regressivity, administration, and whether the bill actually addresses online bullying or data privacy, while supporters said it is a first step toward taxing a new, lightly taxed industry.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- much so that you have young people who were once inside the prison now actually working as staff utilizing
- And the other side of that is indeterminate sentencing can sometimes be utilized too liberally and so
- And so the three procedural mechanisms that we do utilize in this bill first of all is to, number one
- What I got, what I asked for last session that I received, I have been able to utilize and build out
- So while I would welcome more, I don't have a plan of how I would effectively utilize that that I could
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Environment and Natural Resources Finance and Policy Committee 3/13/25
Environment and Natural Resources Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- For solar, an immediate and comprehensive landfill ban would require utility-scale project owners to
- This adds unexpected financial burden to utility-scale projects and ultimately impacts ratepayers whom
- The Minnesota Public Utilities Commission is already exercising its authority over projects within its
- <00:13:57.920>
Commission <00:13:58.320>is Minnesota Public Utilities Commission is - Minnesota Public Utilities Commission is already<00:13:58.880>
at <00:13:59.160>exercising
AR
Arkansas 2026 Regular Session
LEGISLATIVE JOINT AUDITING-STATE AGENCIES Mar 12th, 2026
LEGISLATIVE JOINT AUDITING-STATE AGENCIES
Transcript Highlights:
- As long as their utilization warrants that vehicle being there, then they can keep that vehicle and pay
- But if their utilization goes below a break-even cost, then we could—I don't know— But if their utilization
Summary:
The committee first approved the minutes and then heard audit reports from Tom Bullington. For the Department of Public Safety FY24 audit, two findings were presented: a duplicate vendor payment of nearly $3,700 that was later recouped, and a $2.5 million collateral deficiency tied to bank deposits that exceeded FDIC coverage because securities were not properly pledged to the State Police. Agency representatives from Arkansas State Police and the Department of Public Safety answered questions, and members discussed how the collateral requirement works before the report was filed without objection.
The committee then reviewed the Department of Transformation and Shared Services FY24 audit, which contained five findings. These included an $800 career service overpayment caused by incorrect rehire data, delayed deactivation and inaccurate listing of fixed assets including stolen cameras, a double count of more than $940,000 in year-end cash records, $10.3 million in health claims that should have been recorded as fiscal year 2024 payables, and repeated deficiencies in vehicle mileage logs. Agency officials said the stolen cameras were recovered through restitution, and they described corrective steps for asset tracking, cash reporting, and vehicle logs.
Members asked detailed questions about the vehicle log issues and the planned statewide GPS/telematics rollout. Shared Administrative Services said it is negotiating a vendor contract, expects to implement the system first in its own department, and aims to use GPS, geofencing, alerts, and WEX fuel-card data to improve oversight while preserving privacy. The committee also discussed possible future vehicle sharing across agencies, but no action was taken beyond filing the report. The meeting adjourned after announcing the next meeting date.
NY
New York 2025-2026 Regular Session
Senate Standing Committee on Housing, Construction and Community Development - 01/27/2026
Housing, Construction, and Community Development
Transcript Highlights:
- But, yes, recognizing people need the utilities to be in place.
- But I think the primary goal ought to be to make sure that we have the capacity to build and the utilities
- know I think the primary goal ought to be to make sure that we have the capacity to build and the utilities
Summary:
The Senate Standing Committee on Housing, Construction and Community Development met to open the 2006 session and discussed the governor’s executive budget, housing affordability, housing supply, and barriers to construction. Chair Brian Kavanaugh emphasized efforts to lower barriers to building housing and expand rental assistance and SCRIE/DRIE-related eligibility, while Ranking Member Jack Martins called for rolling back regulations that impede housing production. Senator Helming stressed that, especially in upstate New York, lack of electrical capacity is a major obstacle to new housing and urged attention to utility infrastructure; the chair responded that the budget includes a $3.75 billion proposal for water and sewer capacity and noted that electrical transmission and generation issues fall outside the committee’s direct jurisdiction. The committee also noted a joint Senate-Assembly budget hearing on housing scheduled for February 25.
The committee then took up a 10-bill agenda, largely consisting of measures previously reported by the committee and many of which had passed the Senate in prior sessions. Bills addressed tenant registration statements for LLCs (S.119), leasing to business and other entities (S.240), notice requirements for SCRIE/DRIE rent increase exemptions (S.561), housing production reporting to the Department of State (S.919A), creation of a New York Main Street Development Center (S.1851), retroactive benefit calculations for SCRIE/DRIE (S.2534), a common application and web portal for housing funding and incentives (S.2707), tenant access to complete rent histories (S.3569), continuation of SCRIE benefits after temporary income increases (S.4252), and eligibility requirements for disability rent increase exemptions (S.6510). Several members raised questions or comments on specific bills, including the absence of an Assembly sponsor on S.2707 and the need for technical alignment with Assembly versions.
All ten bills were reported out of committee, with some advanced to the floor and others to the Finance Committee. Senator Walchick voted in the negative on several measures, while Senators Helming and Martins occasionally voted “without recommendation” on selected bills. No bill was defeated, and the meeting adjourned with notice that another housing committee meeting was expected the following week.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- care Like other segments of SH-130, segments 5 and 6 require veterans to pay the full toll fees for utilizing
- low-income veterans who need to make frequent trips to for medical treatment, many of whom of whom only utilize
- generated from segments five and six or first use to fund a veterans discount program for those utilizing
Keywords:
high-speed rail, Texas Department of Transportation, TxDOT, public-private partnership, comprehensive development agreement, CDA, Interstate 35, I-35 corridor, Dallas, Waco, Austin, San Antonio, intercity passenger rail, rail infrastructure, private entity, transportation infrastructure, rail corridor, passenger rail, infrastructure finance, vehicle registration
TX
Texas 89th 2nd C.S.
Appropriations - Subcommittees Mar 20th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- Chairman, the committee did not utilize best efforts to comply with... ...that rule because we had the
- as it sounds like you did based on something you read that some... ...staffer handed you, that we utilized
- efforts, you need to lay out and explain to the committee exactly what the best efforts this committee utilized
Summary:
The House Appropriations Subcommittee on Articles 14 and 5 met first and adopted its report on budget recommendations by a 4-0 vote, with three members absent. The chair said the report finalized prior decisions and could not be changed at that stage. Notable additions discussed included increased appropriations for the Office of the Attorney General, DPS driver’s license offices in Hays and Montgomery County, TJJD facilities and programs, Texas Facilities Commission funding for SCIF projects in Lubbock and San Antonio, THC funding for the Juneteenth Museum, an alcohol tourism study, and a TDCJ statewide reentry services pilot program. Members thanked staff and the meeting adjourned after the vote.
The Article 3 subcommittee then presented its report for the committee substitute for Senate Bill 1, describing it as a procedural step that incorporated prior discussions, member writers, and changes made with Chairman Bonin. The chair noted that most items had been moved to Article 11 and that rejected riders were duplicates or conflicted with general law. The report was adopted unanimously, 6-0, and the subcommittee adjourned.
The Articles 6, 7, and 8 subcommittee followed with its report for Senate Bill 1. During consideration, a member raised a point of order arguing the subcommittee had violated House rules requiring audio and video recording of formal meetings and public availability online. The chair rejected the point of order and proceeded to a roll call vote. After extended debate over the recording issue and the chair’s handling of the point of order, the report was adopted, with the transcript reflecting 6 ayes, 1 nay, and 1 absent. The subcommittee then adjourned.
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- These utility upgrades are now in place for decades to come, and we're proud of the achievement.
- utilized considerably by residents<00:36:46.560>
to <00:36:46.880>walk <00:36:47.359>- On top of that, without bonding support, utility rates are projected to increase by at least $100 per
- <00:53:10.800>
rates without bonding support, utility rates without bonding support, utility- The proposed interchange will utilize an existing bridge over I-94, so we only need to construct the
Bills:
HF568, HF433, HF1689, HF3135, HF3137, HF3145, HF2887, HF2819, HF2802, HF2664, HF2267, HF799, HF800, HF3049, HF296, HF580, HF1438, HF1237
Keywords:
special education, education funding, construction, Minnesota, regional educational programs, HF433, Cloquet Area Fire District, fire station, capital investment, bonding bill, state bonds, general obligation bonds, public safety, emergency services, fire protection, local infrastructure, Minnesota capital budget, DEED grant, municipal facilities, station construction
TX
Texas 89th Regular
Homeland Security, Public Safety & Veterans' Affairs Apr 23rd, 2025 at 10:04 am
Homeland Security, Public Safety & Veterans' Affairs
Transcript Highlights:
- I'm not clear about that, on how we utilize a veteran of a training standard that most would shut her
- So we are having to utilize resources outside of Bexar County.
- And they're having to utilize reserve officers.
- And they're having to utilize reserve officers.
- I utilized reserves.
Bills:
HB1455, HB1777, HB2101, HB2136, HB2609, HB3142, HB3552, HB3846, HB4155, HB4514, HB4879, HB4995, HB5014, HB5139, HB5228, HB5436, HCR40
Keywords:
mental health, jail diversion, law enforcement, reporting requirements, criminal justice, data collection, criminal justice reform, intellectual disability, mental illness, data reporting, public safety, reporting, substance abuse, sex offender, driver's license, identification, gunshot detection, unreported gunshots, municipal police, crime investigation
Summary:
The committee met with a quorum and heard several bills, generally leaving them pending after testimony. HB 4995 would create a training/certification program allowing licensed physicians and certain EMS personnel assigned to tactical units to carry firearms during high-risk deployments, with supporters saying it would protect tactical medical staff and improve emergency care; the committee substitute was withdrawn and the bill left pending. HB 2609 would repeal the OmniBase/failure-to-appear-or-pay license hold program; the author and supporters argued it unfairly compounds debt and traps drivers in noncompliance, while judges and municipal court representatives said it is an effective, voluntary tool that prompts court appearances and reduces warrants. HB 4879 would create a grant program to help local law enforcement pay for lab testing of suspected hemp/THC substances, and HB 5436 would allow licensed auto recyclers to purchase certain untitled vehicles for scrap or parts to curb illegal sales, VIN cloning, and chop shop activity; both bills drew supportive testimony and were left pending.
The committee also heard HB 1777, which would place a discrete sex-offender designation on driver’s licenses and state IDs for registrants under Chapter 62. The author said the marker would help law enforcement and businesses quickly identify potentially dangerous offenders and cited other states and research in support, while opponents argued it would function as a scarlet letter, increase harassment, and punish people who are already complying with the law. HB 4155 would create a Family Violence Criminal Homicide Prevention Task Force in the Governor’s Office to study risk factors, coordinate agencies, and recommend policy changes; the author, HHSC, TCFV, and a survivor testified in support, emphasizing the number of family violence homicides and the need for coordinated, data-driven prevention, and the bill was left pending.
Finally, HB 4514 would authorize DPS to use facial image verification, with consent and confidentiality protections, to help businesses verify identities and combat fraud. Supporters from the lumber and identity-verification industries said it would reduce losses from fake IDs and organized theft, while the author stressed privacy safeguards and limited, consent-based use. The committee substitute was withdrawn and the bill was left pending.
NH
Transcript Highlights:
- a high level, the Housing Investment Trust, a 501(c)(3) charity, addresses the housing issue by utilizing
- such as utilities and custodial services.<00:33:26.880>
The <00:33:27.120>state <00:33: - <00:41:25.119>
So <00:41:25.440>we utilities and custodial services. - So we utilities and custodial services.
- ,<00:50:55.280>
was grant state, including utilities, was grant state, including utilities
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Committee on Commerce and Consumer Protection - 03/27/26
Commerce and Consumer Protection
Transcript Highlights:
- Uh so I would like Utilities Commission.
- to the uh the public utilities to the uh the public utilities commission.<00:10:24.160>
So not mandated to utilize this service. not mandated to utilize this service.- I don't know how that works out and if that's a loophole that consumers could utilize. >> Mr.
- . utilize. utilize.
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- and we'd let you know if it utilized and we'd let you know if it wasn't. wasn't. wasn't.
- So in the end, it's no cost to the homeowner and no cost to the utility.
- We are a regional water utility serving 1.5 million people in the Twin Cities metro area.
- And that's just my utility alone.
- We've added 40 jobs alone within our utility.
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- Um, so I just want this to be highlighted for consideration to make sure that we are not utilizing a
- <00:20:31.520>
a <00:20:31.840>tool utilizing a tool utilizing a tool um<00:20:33.520>< - <00:23:04.400>
with <00:23:04.720>emergency would be utilized with emergency would - be utilized with emergency procedures.<00:23:05.919>
However, <00:23:07.120>however, <00 - /c> that are utilizing seclusion that are utilizing seclusion are<01:14:30.080>
find <01:14:30.480
Summary:
The Seclusion Working Group approved the minutes from its November 5, 2025 meeting and then heard presentations from Jessica Heiser and Aaron Sansmark of Solutions Not Suspensions and the Minnesota Disability Law Center on the misuse and illegal use of seclusion in schools. They described illegal seclusion as including use outside emergencies, for discipline or noncompliance, beyond the emergency period, in unregistered rooms, without parent notice, without required observation or documentation, for students outside the grade-limit rules, when meals/restroom/water are withheld, or when staff are not properly trained. They emphasized that Minnesota lacks a single reliable data source for identifying illegal seclusion and that families often learn about incidents late, if at all, making complaints and legal action difficult because of barriers such as time, cost, language, and access to advocates.
The presenters summarized Minnesota Disability Law Center records, saying they receive about one seclusion-related case per month during the school year, statewide, and that in the cases reviewed over the last year the children were all boys with disabilities, including autism, ADHD, developmental delay, or emotional disabilities; three were white and two were children of color, and four of the five were age 10 or younger. They said all of those families pulled their children from school afterward, and that five of five cases potentially had valid illegal-seclusion claims, though only three pursued legal action. They also noted PACER reports many discipline and behavior calls involving seclusion but does not keep hard records. The presenters proposed better statewide data collection, including identifying school buildings, staff, or students involved, reporting incident duration, and adding a checkbox on MDE complaints to flag restraint/seclusion allegations.
A substantial portion of the discussion focused on disproportionality. The presenters cited national research showing students with disabilities and students of color, especially Black boys, are disproportionately restrained or secluded, while acknowledging Minnesota does not have a single statewide racial aggregate for seclusion. Members discussed whether banning seclusion would reduce misuse and disproportionality, whether it could increase physical holds or injuries, and whether the issue should be viewed in the broader context of emergency interventions. Heiser argued Minnesota is moving in the same direction as federal actions and other states that have restricted or banned seclusion, and noted that the current birth-through-third-grade ban has reportedly reduced seclusion by 40%. Other members agreed disproportionality is a serious systemwide problem, but emphasized the need to keep the conversation focused on seclusion and emergency use. No additional votes or formal actions were taken beyond approval of the minutes.