Video & Transcript Research : 'Technology'

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ND

North Dakota 2026 1st Special Session

Budget Section Leadership Division Jun 24th, 2026

Transcript Highlights:
  • A whole new kind of an expansion of the Bakken solely because technology has gotten better, which is
  • A whole new kind of an expansion of the Bakken solely because technology has gotten better, which is
  • This is the ability and the technology of the completion companies to be able to get you just as much
  • But it's really all about technology from this point forward.
  • But it's really all about technology from this point forward.
Summary: The Budget Section Leadership Division met with a quorum and approved the March 18 minutes before hearing a series of informational updates. The Petroleum Council reported that North Dakota oil production is expected to remain relatively flat at just under 1.2 million barrels per day, with activity shifting northward in the Bakken as technology improves and three- and four-mile laterals boost well performance. The presentation also discussed oil and gas prices, gas taxation, flaring concerns, the importance of pipelines and other linear infrastructure, and enhanced oil recovery pilot projects supported by state and federal funding. Members asked questions about gas production taxes, natural gas liquids, and the outlook for drilling rigs and future production. The Office of State Tax Commissioner then reviewed the federal “big beautiful bill” and its estimated effect on North Dakota individual and business income tax collections. Staff explained that most of the individual income tax impact comes from the permanent increase in the standard deduction, while temporary provisions such as senior deductions, tip and overtime exclusions, and auto loan interest deductions have smaller or limited-term effects. They also noted that business tax changes, especially depreciation and expensing provisions, create a larger near-term cash impact, and that some FY25 collections likely reflected one-time oil field transactions that may have inflated the baseline used in earlier estimates. OMB provided updates on major capital projects and facility funding. For Capitol grounds improvements, officials described plans for 18th-floor renovations, wayfinding upgrades, public seating, lighting, tree management, and possible restroom and lobby reconfiguration, while also noting the governor’s residence security project and the discovery of human remains on the Capitol grounds. OMB and its consultants also reported on the state facility maintenance fund, including window replacement, boiler work, roof and foundation repairs, and a new facility conditions assessment covering more state buildings. Updates were also given on the new state hospital in Jamestown, the Minot state office building, and the use of federal state fiscal recovery funds, including possible future reallocations to the Department of Corrections. Finally, Legislative Council staff summarized the interim compliance report on legislative intent and trust fund activity, highlighting the status of lines of credit, Bank of North Dakota profit transfers, the statewide litigation pool, the new Office of Guardianship and Conservatorship, corrections planning, HHS program updates, and a likely future general fund request for the unemployment insurance modernization project. No formal votes were taken beyond approval of the minutes; the meeting was primarily informational, with members asking clarifying questions throughout.
MA
Transcript Highlights:
  • and meaningful way requires good program space and requires us to be able to have access to good technology
  • and meaningful way requires good program space and requires us to be able to have access to good technology
  • Able to have access to good technology and good physical plant locations and all of this other stuff
  • As we're kind of going through the wondrous multitude of possibilities for tablets and other technology
  • can spend as much time as they can with the individual, but at the same time utilizing all this technology
Keywords: 995, all
Summary: The commission approved the July 11 minutes and then received a detailed follow-up presentation from the Department of Correction on facility footprint, mission-driven housing, programming, and technology. Commissioner Jenkins and Deputy Commissioner Peterson explained recent and planned facility changes, including the closures of Walpole, MCI Cedar Junction, and MCI Concord, the transition of the Plymouth Section 35/Mass Act program to Health and Human Services, the return of Bay State to DOC control for possible future use, and the Shattuck Hospital move to East Newton Pavilion. Members asked about operational capacity, the exclusion of support beds from occupancy figures, and the status of mothballed or unused facilities. Framingham drew particular attention because of its historically low women’s population and planned renovations; members raised concerns about the cost and the need to consider the broader women’s correctional system. A major portion of the meeting focused on mission-driven units and evidence-based programming. DOC described specialized units for health services, nursing care, clinical stabilization, mental health, residential treatment, protective custody, reentry, emerging adults, education, and substance use recovery, and noted that security threat group support beds are not used. Staff explained the distinction between general population beds and support beds, and between programming and treatment. They said core recidivism-reduction programs are based on risk-need responsivity and COMPAS assessments, with Spectrum Health Systems as the current vendor, and presented recidivism data showing lower reoffending among participants who completed programs such as violence reduction, criminal thinking, and the Correctional Recovery Academy. For women, they highlighted the pathways model at MCI Framingham, which combines trauma-informed, gender-responsive services, and reported strong outcomes for those engaged for at least 26 weeks. Members asked about how needs are identified and counted, how declinations are handled, and how the department distinguishes completion from ongoing maintenance. DOC said participation is voluntary, individuals are re-recommended over time, and completion is recorded in the system when criteria are met. They also discussed educational supports for learning disabilities and trauma, including IEP/504 coordination, tutoring, and a new school psychologist for testing. Questions were raised about family reunification programming, and DOC pointed to family-focused services, mediation, Read to Me Mommy, and the Brave unit for young fathers. Sheriff Cabral and Sheriff Cochie praised the presentation and emphasized the importance of family reunification and the realities of trauma in incarcerated people’s lives. The final section highlighted the expanded use of tablets across all facilities. DOC said tablets now support free phone calls, emails, video visits, surveys, educational content, medical updates, sick-call requests, and an earned-good-time app, while also helping with communication during facility closures and with ongoing programming. Staff said the tablets are used both for learning and recreation, and that more than half of the incarcerated population uses them monthly for educational purposes. Members discussed whether user feedback or “reviews” of programs could help increase participation, and DOC said tablet-based surveys make that possible. The meeting ended with general agreement that the department has expanded programming and technology substantially and is using them to support reentry, communication, and facility operations.
MA

Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session

Joint Committee on Labor and Workforce Development Jun 21st, 2026 at 10:00 am

Joint Committee on Labor and Workforce Development

Transcript Highlights:
  • from discriminating against service animal users, they have the resources, both financial and technological
  • When you said that they have the technology available, is it discriminatory to have a rideshare user
  • Or is there some— When I'm talking about the technology, I'm talking about their location technology.
  • That's what I mean by the technology. Thank you, Nora, for your testimony.
  • side, my staff Sumia, who is always sitting here right next to me, LIS for making sure that our technology
Keywords: 995, all
Summary: The hearing opened with the co-chairs introducing House and Senate members and explaining the hybrid format, three-minute testimony guidance, and the deadline for written testimony. The committee then heard extensive testimony on S. 2665, which would require employers to post notice to employees when an I-9 audit or similar federal immigration inspection is underway. Supporters, including immigration attorneys, a pediatrician, a labor leader, and an affected family member, argued the bill would protect privacy, give workers time to gather documents and consult counsel, and reduce fear and wrongful arrests. One witness from Illinois described a similar law there and said it had not caused the problems employers feared, while others said recent ICE enforcement has made notice especially important. The committee also heard testimony on S. 1360, a bill affecting collective bargaining rights for State Police, with the State Police Association arguing that a statutory gap lets departmental rules override their contract and that the bill would restore intended bargaining protections. A separate labor bill, S. 1305, was also briefly supported by the AFL-CIO as part of broader worker-classification protections for app-based delivery drivers. A large portion of the hearing focused on H. 2066, which would impose fines on transportation network drivers who refuse rides to people with disabilities using service animals. Testimony from blind and disabled riders, service dog users, advocates, and the Disability Law Center described repeated ride cancellations, drivers pulling away after seeing a service animal, and the difficulty of enforcing existing anti-discrimination laws through MCAD or other agencies. Witnesses said the current system leaves riders without practical recourse because drivers are hard to identify and complaints can take years, and they argued that fines on individual drivers would create a real deterrent. Several witnesses also described the impact on employment, medical appointments, and daily independence. Committee members asked about service-animal verification, whether refusals are ever appropriate, and whether penalties should target drivers or companies; witnesses said legitimate refusals are limited to misbehaving or unsafe animals and that companies already have policies and some training, but enforcement remains weak. The committee also heard from a witness supporting a related bill on rideshare accessibility and from advocates describing broader transportation discrimination issues. One witness discussed a separate proposal to study service-animal denial, and others noted that Uber’s self-identification feature and company policies have not solved the problem. No votes were taken during the hearing, and the meeting ended after the final witnesses on the service-animal bill and a brief organizational discussion about related legislation and committee business.
OR
Transcript Highlights:
  • Public Employees Retirement System on the modernization program and the legacy stabilization and technology
  • public employees retirement system on the modernization program and the legacy stabilization and technology
  • multi-bania, information, The modernization program is a large-scale, multi-biennium information technology
  • $1,800,968 for the core retirement system modernization program and the legacy stabilization and technology
  • $1,800,968 for the core retirement system modernization program and the legacy stabilization and technology
Summary: The Emergency Board approved a series of consent federal grant applications from the Natural Resources and Public Safety subcommittees, along with several budget and position requests. The board approved grant applications for parks, transportation, judicial, emergency management, higher education, school nutrition, and other programs, including retroactive approvals where deadlines had passed. One member objected to the Natural Resources consent grants over concerns about future funding needs, but the motion still passed. The board also approved a one-time increase for Judicial Department court security, including digital privacy protections, circuit court security, and a statewide facilities assessment. A major discussion centered on Southern Oregon University’s financial stability. The Higher Education Coordinating Commission reported on SOU’s structural deficits, declining enrollment, and projected cash shortfall. The subcommittee recommended, and the board approved, allocating $7.5 million from the special appropriation for short-term stability, with a required update at the September 2026 Emergency Board meeting and a future request for the remaining funds. Members debated the broader crisis in higher education, with several saying SOU’s situation reflects systemwide enrollment and funding pressures and that long-term restructuring will be needed. The board also approved an AmeriCorps volunteer generation grant, an apprenticeship expansion grant, and a Department of Education nutrition equipment grant. In public safety, it approved funding for Oregon Military Department readiness facilities, a statewide evacuation planning tool, and a juvenile justice information system modernization report, while requiring a follow-up viability report. The Department of Justice received approval for additional antitrust positions and expenditure limitation, though several members raised concerns about the funding structure and incentives tied to settlement revenues; the motion passed despite objections. In natural resources, the board approved funding for the Water Resources Department’s well abandonment, repair and replacement grants, an assistant water master position in Washington County, groundwater data collection in the Lower Umatilla Basin, a wetlands remote sensing pilot, and parks-related grant applications for operations, maintenance, and capital improvements. Members generally supported the requests but raised concerns about geographic equity, long-term sustainability, and whether some county responsibilities were being shifted to the state. The meeting also included discussion of a Department of Emergency Management evacuation tool as an urgent wildfire preparedness measure, with members emphasizing its potential to save lives.
LA

Louisiana 2026 Regular Session

Natural Resources and Environment May 26th, 2026

Natural Resources & Environment

Transcript Highlights:
  • Systems and injection-based and then CO2-assisted technologies, like what are we looking at or for?
  • hybrid, are three that I had been researching, whereas enhanced is basically using like fracking technology
  • to be able to pressurize, crack Using like fracking technology to be able to pressurize, crack the rock
  • As technology advances, the fact that Louisiana has an extremely long history of drilling capabilities
  • and borehole technologies and Drilling capabilities and borehole technologies, and advanced drilling
Keywords: 965, house, all
LA

Louisiana 2026 Regular Session

Judiciary A May 5th, 2026

Judiciary A

Transcript Highlights:
  • , then the statute puts something in law that he fears will open a litigation floodgate against technology
  • He added that Louisiana already has a lot of economic development in the technology sector and he would
  • He said he fears the bill will open a litigation floodgate on technology companies and could drive another
  • This document does not say who the author is, but since we're talking about technology, I'll just remind
  • Louisiana has invested serious dollars in attracting and supporting a robust technology sector when it
Keywords: 974, senate, all
LA

Louisiana 2026 Regular Session

Education Apr 28th, 2026

Education

Transcript Highlights:
  • Lenovo is only one of three large-scale enterprise PC and technology infrastructure providers to government
  • from continuing to do business with Louisiana colleges and universities, where we provide secure technology
  • memory chip shortage and the ongoing world conflicts, this legislation could significantly increase technology
  • There is only one party in China, and they control everything, and they control the exit of all the technology
  • Technology is important, et cetera.
WY

Wyoming 2026 Regular Session

House Transportation, Highways & Military Affairs Committee, February 10, 2026

Transportation, Highways & Military Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • It wouldn't surprise you, the federal government's a little antiquated on their technology, and bad actors
  • Using technology today, we should be able to use AI and different systems to scan that federal database
  • And technology to investigate some of these things.
  • Using technology today, we should be able to use AI and different systems to scan that federal database
  • You know, using technology today, we should be able to use AI and different systems to scan that federal
Bills: HB0032
NM
Transcript Highlights:
  • caseworker caseloads have decreased since the pandemic, and HCA received $50 million for case management technology
  • And then at the same time, New Mexico has invested substantially in case management technology upgrades
  • So, as we evaluate, we'll look closer at caseload patterns, case management technology, and staffing
  • In order to, we'll be looking at caseload technology, caseloads, technology modernization efforts that
  • I mean, there's some new stuff that they did this last year with technology that's really great.
Keywords: 996, all
NM
Transcript Highlights:
  • So it's A technology that we're going to advance, right? Because we don't have the staff to.
  • And there's a difference between nuclear power and nuclear bomb technology. Okay?
  • I think that means information technology jobs. That's interesting...
  • To me, that we're having a decrease in information technology when we understand that there's an increase
  • I mean, how much can we use technology?
Keywords: 996, all
NM

New Mexico 2025 Regular Session

IC - New Mexico Finance Authority Oversight Sep 9th, 2025

New Mexico Finance Authority Oversight Committee

Transcript Highlights:
  • Specifically, we have a spaceport that can handle new, innovative, and risky technologies.
  • We have a new tenant, Sirius Technologies, which will learn to fly a prototype vertical rocket system
  • One of the buildings we're going to build, the Stark building, the Space Technology Reception Center,
  • The methodology we are using involves established, peer-reviewed technology that is well-recognized and
  • And people don't understand the technology until they actually try. So I think we've overcome that.
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Assembly Floor Session Jun 4th, 2025

California House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • And I don't believe that the technologies are properly managed to reduce risk at this point.
  • The Office of Wildfire Technology Research and Development serves as California's central organizing
  • Existing law governing the service of process has not been updated to reflect modern technology that
  • Members, technology is changing fast, and as it evolves, so must our laws.
  • But with technological evolution comes responsibility, especially when it comes to our justice system
Keywords: 988, house, all
NH

New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session

Senate Energy and Natural Resources (05/13/2025)

Energy and Natural Resources

Transcript Highlights:
  • It's the miracle of modern technology, Mr. Chairman. It's cooler. I'll wait. It's all after this.
  • It's the miracle of modern technology,<00:27:27.679> Mr.<00:27:28.000> Chairman.
  • <00:27:28.559> It's<00:27:28.720> cooler Technology, Mr. Chairman.
  • <00:33:46.559> that<00:33:46.799> we if if if there's new technology that we if if
  • if there's new technology that we can<00:33:47.120> take<00:33:47.200> advantage<00:33:
Keywords: 1191, senate, all
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • that push funding, forcing the industry to invest and think about new ways to invest in those technologies
  • that push funding, forcing the industry to invest and think about new ways to invest in those technologies
  • that push funding, forcing the industry to invest and think about new ways to invest in those technologies
  • It includes $25 million for Natcast, the operator of the National Semiconductor Technology Center, to
  • The operator of the National Semiconductor Technology Center would build out the design and collaboration
Summary: The Assembly Budget Subcommittee 5 on State Administration heard presentations from Go-Biz and the Department of Financial Protection and Innovation on the Governor’s budget proposals. Go-Biz described California Jobs First, the state’s 10-year economic development strategy, and emphasized support for small businesses, workforce development, and targeted investment in sectors such as ag tech, life sciences, semiconductors, and advanced manufacturing. Members raised concerns about federal policy changes, tariffs, tourism, housing, child care, and whether state incentives are truly additive; Go-Biz responded that it tracks federal actions closely, works with chambers and advocates, and uses programs like California Competes to target jobs that would not otherwise come to California. The committee then reviewed the proposal to restore the California Competes grant program with $60 million. Go-Biz said the grant would help businesses that cannot use the nonrefundable tax credit, and explained the program’s five-year contracts, milestone-based awards, and recapture provisions. The Legislative Analyst’s Office said the grant could be effective but recommended stronger oversight and clearer eligibility criteria, while also noting the 30% cap in trailer bill language may be too restrictive given the smaller funding level. Public testimony supported the grant and suggested considering refundability or transferability for the tax credit to broaden access for smaller and startup businesses. Members also heard the CHIPS-related proposal for $25 million to support Natcast’s semiconductor design and collaboration facility in Sunnyvale. Go-Biz and public witnesses argued the state investment would help secure a major federal research facility, retain engineering talent, and leverage billions in broader investment, while the LAO recommended rejecting the item because of its dependence on uncertain federal funding and the state’s budget condition. The committee also considered a $17 million continuation of CA RISE, which supports employment social enterprises; Go-Biz and several grantees cited strong job placement and workforce outcomes, while the LAO recommended rejection absent a more rigorous evaluation, noting prior LA RISE evidence did not show long-term employment gains. Finally, the Department of Financial Protection and Innovation presented budget requests for IT security and rent increases, and a trailer bill to raise fees across several programs. DFPI said decades-old fee schedules, inflation, and new regulatory responsibilities have created a structural deficit and warned the department could face insolvency without adjustments. The LAO recommended approving the fee increases only on a three-year limited-term basis and asked for more detailed revenue plans for programs not covered by the proposal, so the Legislature can assess actual collections and market impacts before making the changes permanent.
US
Transcript Highlights:
  • The Act of 1987 requires the Federal Reserve to make payments move faster as technology allows.
  • Let's say $100 on technology in terms of compliance.
  • So banks have poured money into technology, into compliance, et cetera. Now, are banks perfect? No.
  • Look, our outdated payment system runs on this technology called a batch, which...
  • The technology exists to do it, but it's usually more broad-based than that.
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Education Committee Jun 17th, 2026

Education

Transcript Highlights:
  • California's science and technology industries are a main economic driver of the state's economy.
  • California's science and technology industries represent 17% of the state's economy, generating over
  • As Chief Data and Technology Officer at the San Francisco Marin Food Bank, I can tell you that we're
  • As our students become more reliant on technology every day, cybersecurity has become a basic life skill
  • As our students become more reliant on technology every day, cybersecurity has become a basic life skill
Keywords: 987, senate, all
AZ

Arizona 2026 Regular Session

06/11/2026 - Senate Director Nominations

Director Nominations

Transcript Highlights:
  • Of our communities, that our decisions are data-driven and that we are working to leverage technology
  • to drive those efficiencies, but also using the technology so that we can interface better with the
  • We can use technology to do that, but...
  • So the FDIC chair, Travis Hill, noted that he thinks banks adopting new technologies or innovation.
  • And I would lean towards also agencies that are doing so that technologies or innovation.
Keywords: 1182, all
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • CDT will have to repurpose those funds and resources so they can actually work on modern technology like
  • You want to take the... ...exactly like my systems used to work, but in a modern technology.
  • You know, the right technology. You could drain this out. You're right.
  • by offenders and technology manufacturers.
  • And the program can be designed so costs are borne by offenders and technology manufacturers, reducing
Keywords: 988, house, all
Summary: The committee heard several budget and policy items, beginning with the DMV’s proposal for the federal state-to-state verification system and the Digital Experience Platform (DXP). DMV officials said the state-to-state system is required for Real ID compliance and functions as a pointer system that shares only limited identifying information to help states verify whether an applicant has records in another jurisdiction. Members pressed hard on privacy, access, hacking, notification, and misuse concerns, including whether other states or federal actors could use the system to target Californians. DMV said access is limited to member jurisdictions, requests are transaction-based, records are encrypted, California can see when its data is requested, and legal remedies would include working through AAMVA and the Attorney General if misuse occurred. On DXP, DMV said the project has been reset, is on its revised schedule and budget, occupational licensing is complete, vehicle registration is targeted for completion by the end of the calendar year, and the full modernization is expected by fiscal year 2028-29. The committee then took up the High-Speed Rail Office of Inspector General trailer bill and AB 1608. The Inspector General said current law does not clearly authorize public reports or establish a work-paper retention and disclosure framework, and that the trailer bill and AB 1608 would codify those powers, add access to needed job classifications and purchasing authority, and require public reporting with temporary confidentiality only in limited circumstances such as pending litigation, security vulnerabilities, or fraud-detection weaknesses. Members debated how broad the confidentiality language should be, whether reports could remain confidential too long, and whether the bill should define “proposed agreements” and require notice to the Inspector General when agreements are being reviewed. The Inspector General said he had already found at least one procurement-related state law violation involving an amendment that added services not in the original contract, and members discussed the project’s large cost growth and the need for stronger oversight. No vote was taken on the item in the portion provided. Finally, Caltrans began presenting a trailer bill proposal related to workforce development under SB 150, explaining that it would amend Government Code 14017, which governs use of federal highway formula funds and related workforce development efforts. The transcript cuts off as Caltrans starts its overview, so no further discussion, vote, or action on that item is shown in the provided text.
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • clean... ...the program creates a powerful economic incentive for investment in clean and efficient technology
  • neutrality 2045 to send the long-term market signal to all regulated entities to invest in cleaner technology
  • Elizabeth Askeville, the California Manufacturers and Technology Association.
  • Manufacturers do face real barriers to deploy low-carbon technologies at scale, and without a workable
  • This delicate balancing act at a difficult crossroads for climate technology.
Keywords: 987, senate, all
Summary: The Senate Environmental Quality Committee and Senate Budget and Fiscal Review Subcommittee No. 2 held a joint hearing on CARB’s proposed amendments to the cap-and-invest regulations. Opening remarks from senators emphasized the 2025 reauthorization of the program through AB 1207 and SB 840, and focused on whether CARB’s April revisions faithfully implement legislative intent while balancing climate ambition, affordability, leakage prevention, and the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund (GGRF). Several senators raised concerns that the proposal could reduce GGRF revenues, weaken funding for transit, affordable housing, wildfire prevention, drinking water, and other community programs, and shift too much support toward industry. Others stressed the need to protect businesses and consumers from higher costs and to avoid leakage and refinery closures. Senator Cortese’s statement, read into the record, warned that the proposal could jeopardize transportation funding commitments. CARB Chair Lauren Sanchez said the amendments respond to legislative direction and public comment, and described four main changes: increased electric bill credits, a larger manufacturing decarbonization incentive (MDI), additional compliance support for industry, and removal of post-2030 allowance allocations from the current rulemaking. She said the proposal keeps the cap aligned with 2030 and 2045 targets, maintains affordability protections, and is intended to reduce emissions while minimizing leakage and supporting in-state jobs. CARB staff also said the MDI would have guardrails, require applications and reporting, and be tied to emissions-reducing facility upgrades. The Department of Finance explained that GGRF revenue estimates are highly uncertain and are updated periodically based on auction data. The Legislative Analyst’s Office said the amendments are significant and could materially affect environmental ambition, industry support, utility credits, and GGRF revenues. LAO highlighted that the MDI could add allowances above the cap, potentially reducing certainty that 2030 targets will be met, and noted that the proposal appears to shift more allowances to industry and fewer to GGRF than current regulations. LAO also said the proposed GGRF estimate of about $8 billion through the decade could be insufficient to fully fund lower-priority tiers of programs. In questioning, senators pressed CARB on whether the proposal would raise consumer costs, whether free allowances or MDI funds would actually lower prices at the pump, how leakage is measured, and whether the Legislature’s budget assumptions would need to be revised before final action. No votes were taken during the hearing; the discussion was informational and focused on questioning CARB and fiscal staff ahead of the board’s planned May 28 consideration of the amendments.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Sale and possession of ghost guns prohibited 3/24/26

Minnesota House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • <00:19:20.400> Courts<00:19:20.799> have printing or CNC technology.
  • Courts have printing or CNC technology.
  • We keep up with technology. Um, and we create history as we work.
  • We keep up with technology. Um, and we create history as we work.
  • We keep up with technology. Um, and we create history as we work.
Keywords: 919, house, all
Summary: The committee heard House File 3407, authored by Chair Pinto, which would restore Minnesota’s prior serial-number requirement for firearms after a recent Minnesota Supreme Court decision narrowed the existing law, while also creating a method to serialize firearms that do not already have serial numbers. Supporters said the bill is needed to close a loophole involving ghost guns and to aid investigations, background checks, and trafficking enforcement. Attorney General Keith Ellison, Minneapolis Police Chief Brian O’Hara, and former ATF official Mariana Mitchum testified in favor, citing increases in unserialized gun recoveries, the difficulty of tracing such weapons, and examples of crimes where serial numbers helped identify traffickers. Opponents argued the bill conflates different categories of firearms and could burden lawful gun owners. Mariah Day of the National Shooting Sports Foundation, Anna Ley of the Minnesota Gun Owners Caucus, and Brian Gosh of the NRA said privately made firearms are distinct from illegally altered guns, warned about vague definitions and possible First Amendment issues, and said the bill could criminalize lawful conduct or create confusion for owners who modify firearms. They urged a no vote. Representative Bliss offered a DE1 amendment to replace the bill’s serialization approach with increased penalties for people who use guns in crimes. Chair Pinto and others opposed it, saying it would remove the bill’s public-safety benefits and likely create a fiscal impact. The committee took a roll call and rejected the DE1 amendment, 8-9. Afterward, members discussed the bill further, including questions about the difference between unserialized guns and guns with removed serial numbers and comments both supporting and criticizing the proposal.