Transcript Highlights:

• Well, committee, we're actually ahead of schedule now.
• We are well ahead of schedule.
• Thanks for the feedback, and committee, if you do have other things related to scheduling, please do
• To scheduling, please do let me know well in advance so I can take that into consideration.
• This committee is adjourned for the day. to scheduling please do let me know well in advance i can take

Committee: Joint Employee Benefits Programs Committee

Summary: The Employee Benefits Committee met to hear presentations on state employee health insurance, compensation, leave policies, labor market conditions, and prevailing wage issues, then later took up committee rules and bill-draft jurisdiction. PERS reviewed the history and structure of the state health plan, noting the state has paid the full family premium since 1979, described cost-control and benefit-enhancement changes over time, and explained current plan options, wellness incentives, employer wellness discounts, and the upcoming bid process for the 2027-29 contract. HRMS then presented compensation comparisons showing state classified pay generally trails private and regional markets, with larger gaps at higher-level jobs, and reviewed benefits and leave policies, including the new enhanced annual leave and new-hire leave, the state’s unpaid family leave structure, and varying tuition reimbursement practices. Job Service reported on labor force trends, low unemployment, high labor force participation, job openings, and wage growth, and OMB said there are no state prevailing-wage requirements beyond federal Davis-Bacon rules for federally funded projects. The committee then considered a proposed amendment to Joint Rule 211 to better align the health insurance mandate review process with recent statutory changes. Members discussed how the rule should reference both the committee’s required actuarial reports and the Legislative Council cost-benefit analysis, and the amendment was adopted on a roll call vote. The committee also discussed how its jurisdiction decisions affect whether a bill draft receives actuarial analysis, with staff explaining that a decision not to take jurisdiction means the bill is not treated as impacting the relevant retirement or health plans for purposes of that analysis. After that, the committee began reviewing bill drafts for jurisdiction. The first draft, bill draft 33, would automatically renew pre-tax elections for dental and vision coverage during open enrollment instead of requiring annual re-election. Members debated whether it had any actuarial impact, noting the state does not pay those premiums directly, and the discussion was still underway when the transcript ended.

Transcript Highlights:

• just also like to thank all the participants, including the nominees, for being flexible in your schedule
• just also like to thank all the participants, including the nominees, for being flexible in your schedule
• are no objections, the chair would like to take one item out of order to accommodate the person's schedule
• </c><00:01:19.880><c> Um</c> accommodate the person's schedule.
• Um accommodate the person's schedule.

Committee: Senate Labor and Technology

Summary: The committee heard and acted on several gubernatorial nominations to the Hawaii Workforce Development Council and one nomination to the Labor and Industrial Relations Appeals Board. For GM 779, Mark Fong Su Wat said he would bring his experience as an electrician and labor community member to workforce development, and he committed to serving if confirmed. Testimony was unanimously supportive, with 10 in support and none opposed, and the committee voted to recommend advise and consent; the recommendation was adopted. For GM 792, Sheryl Cross sought a second term on the Workforce Development Council and described her work on employer engagement, military veteran affairs, and military spouse employment. In response to questions, she emphasized the need to better connect military spouses, underrepresented workers, and students pursuing trades or non-college pathways to jobs, including through school academies and online hiring initiatives. The item was held for later decision-making. For GM 793, Ashley Lohua, also nominated to the Workforce Development Council, said her focus would be helping people stay in Hawaii by improving job retention, listening to community concerns, and building pathways between sectors. Support testimony highlighted her work with marginalized communities and her empathy and leadership. She told the committee she would use her nonprofit and HR experience to help address vacancies and workforce barriers; the item was also held for later decision-making. For GM 774, Douglas Thomas Moore, nominated to the Labor and Industrial Relations Appeals Board, said his first priority would be reducing the backlog. He proposed using informal conferences and mediation to speed workers’ compensation appeals and suggested recruiting more practitioners, especially younger ones, into the field. The committee noted 11 supportive testimonies and no opposition; no vote was taken in the portion provided.

Transcript Highlights:

• AB 1953 by Assembly Member Lowenthal, originally scheduled for this hearing, has been pulled from today's
• Schedules are disrupted when practices go late into the evening, which burdens families.
• Schedules are disrupted when practices go late into the evening, which burdens families.
• Schedules are disrupted when practices go late into the evening, which burdens families.
• For some high schools in the early season, as many as half of all scheduled practices have been pushed

Committee: House Arts, Entertainment, Sports, and Tourism

Transcript Highlights:

• The editorial board wrote lawmakers must work out a more targeted schedule of tax changes that avoids
• services it expected to deliver, The editorial board wrote that lawmakers must work out a more targeted schedule
• It described the governor's solution, Green, by writing that Green proposed freezing future scheduled
• tax cuts, but across the board all scheduled benefits for lower-income and wealthy residents alike would
• Green proposed freezing future scheduled tax cuts, but across the board all scheduled benefits for lower-income

Bills: HR203 , SB2802 , SB3081 , SB2902 , SB2005 , SB3252 , SB2096 , SB2095 , SB2046 , SB2999 , SB3103 , SB83 , SB2041 , SB3234 , SB3156 , SB3154 , SB2146 , SB2053 , SB2010 , SB2009 , SB2667 , SB3215 , SB2698 , SB2363 , SB2372 , SB2673 , SB2948 , SB2277 , SB2057 , SB3085 , SB3025 , SB2761

Transcript Highlights:

• They're not scheduling.
• They're not having babies in small rural hospital labor and delivery wings; they're scheduling labors
• The fact that we're about two and a half hours behind schedule...
• We are so far behind schedule; that is unfortunate. We have had him before.
• Unfortunately, he wasn't able to attend today; we're just behind schedule.

Committee: House Courts, Corrections & Justice Committee

Transcript Highlights:

• We have a really busy schedule. We should be out by three. No, I'm just kidding.
• I think, for the committee, the benefit of the committee, we'll just follow the schedule as it's written
• send them to me, I'll make sure to try and work around that so that we can accommodate everyone's schedule
• that so that we can accommodate around that so that we can accommodate everyone's<00:48:10.000><c> schedule
• </c> everyone's schedule. everyone's schedule.

Committee: Senate Executive Departments and Administration

Transcript Highlights:

• We, as you can tell by the schedule, have three work sessions scheduled.
• in the public didn't hear it: SB 249 and SB 83 will be postponed and not talked about today, and scheduled
• <00:45:40.319><c> about</c><00:45:40.480><c> today</c><00:45:40.720><c> and</c><00:45:41.040><c> scheduled
• </c> and not talked about today and scheduled and not talked about today and scheduled for<00:45:41.680

Summary: The committee met in work session and focused only on SB 291; SB 249 and SB 83 were postponed for at least two weeks, and the chair said there would be no meeting next week. The chair also announced a deadline of the 22nd for clearing out drawers and lockers, and reminded members about a field trip to Nashua the next day and mileage paperwork for attendees. For SB 291, the chair distributed Amendment 2025-1925H, explaining that it was intended to simplify the bill and address concerns about church parsonages by allowing a church to rent out a parsonage and apply the net income to a pastor’s housing allowance. Members discussed whether the language could unintentionally exclude non-Christian denominations, whether the bill was too narrow, and what guardrails would prevent abuse. Several members said the amendment was clearer and supported it, while one member preferred retaining the bill for more study. The discussion also touched on how “church” and “parsonage” are defined under existing law and IRS rules, with the chair and others saying the language was broad enough and that no testimony from other religious groups had raised concerns. After the discussion, the chair took a straw poll showing support for the amendment and then closed the work session. In executive session, a motion was made and seconded to ought to pass SB 291.

Transcript Highlights:

• In the event of a network failure, it may be necessary to reschedule the hearing or schedule a meeting
• reschedule<00:11:57.079><c> the</c><00:11:57.200><c> hearing</c><00:11:58.120><c> or</c><00:11:58.360><c> schedule
• </c><00:11:58.680><c> a</c> reschedule the hearing or schedule a reschedule the hearing or schedule a
• uh that's all the testifiers<00:16:00.199><c> we</c><00:16:00.360><c> have</c><00:16:00.839><c> scheduled
• </c><00:16:01.199><c> to</c><00:16:01.279><c> testify</c> That's all the testifiers we have scheduled

Committee: House Consumer Protection & Commerce

Summary: The committee heard testimony on HB 818 HD1, which would establish the Waiawa Community Development District. The Attorney General’s office said the bill may not comply with requirements for a special fund, and DLNR asked for further amendments so lease revenues would remain with DLNR while it continues managing the lands. DLNR cited ongoing costs, including the Uncle Billy’s demolition debt and management needs at Banyan Drive/Banyan Country Club. HCDA/Waiawa representatives supported the bill, agreed that DLNR should keep lease revenues while it remains the land manager, and said a future transfer of land management would change where revenues should go. Members focused on whether removing lease revenue would undercut the bill and on how existing and future revenues should be allocated. The committee then took up HB 338 HD1 and HB 339 HD1 on renewable energy-related utility transactions and procurement. Testimony came from the Consumer Advocate, the State Energy Office, the Public Utilities Commission, Hawaiian Electric, IBEW Local 1260, Ulupono Initiative, and Life of the Land. Supporters generally backed the measures, while some asked for labor-related strengthening language. Discussion centered on how the PUC should handle competing bids or offers in utility merger or acquisition situations, with concerns raised about NDAs, timing, and whether the original version or amended language better allowed public and intervenor participation. A witness from Life of the Land argued that utilities should not negotiate under NDA in a way that blocks later public competition, and a PUC-related witness said the current language was changed from the original to address PUC testimony. Finally, the committee heard HB 1467 HD1 on housing resiliency. OIP was not present, while B&F raised concerns about placing federal funds into a special fund, saying federal grant money should remain in a separate P fund for transparency, accountability, and single-audit compliance. State agencies and groups including OPSD, Hawaii Emergency Management Agency, the Climate Advisory Team, and Hawaii Realtors supported the measure. Testimony emphasized that many older roofs lack hurricane clips and that strengthening homes could reduce disaster sheltering and temporary housing costs. IBEW Local 1260 supported the bill but argued that building to current standards upfront is preferable to retrofitting later. Members questioned funding structure, eligibility, and whether the program should be needs-based; the bill was described as limited to households under 140% AMI. No votes or final actions were taken in the portion of the meeting provided.

Transcript Highlights:

• amount adopt the permanent rules for the amount and<01:12:47.640><c> payment</c><01:12:48.040><c> schedule
• </c> and payment schedule of that security. and payment schedule of that security.
• Senate Finance is scheduled to start at 12:45. Get your lunch once again and come down.
• Senate Institutions Conference Committee was scheduled for either 12:30 or 2:00.
• scheduled to start at 12:45. scheduled to start at 12:45.

Transcript Highlights:

• . >> But I just meant in between, like, so for I don't even know what our next meeting scheduled for,
• for but like from next meeting scheduled for but like from between<02:13:25.280><c> today</c><02:13:
• Can I ask that we schedule two meetings because I know that your schedules and all some of our schedules
• <c> and</c> because I know that your schedules and because I know that your schedules and all<02:18:58.000
• ><c> are</c><02:18:59.040><c> getting</c> All some of our schedules are getting very busy.

Summary: The commission to study the cost of special education met, confirmed a quorum, introduced members and guests, and approved the minutes from the October 29 meeting. Members noted the commission’s mandate under Senate Bill 57 and emphasized the need to focus on recommendations and findings by July 1, 2026. The chair also distributed additional handouts, including materials related to the Education Freedom Account (EFA) program and administrative rules tied to differentiated aid and disability determinations. The main discussion centered on how students qualify for differentiated aid under the EFA program. Matt Sutherton of the Children’s Scholarship Fund explained that the organization, which contracts with the state to administer EFAs, accepts either school-district/IEP documentation or a medical certification of disability (MCD) from a licensed medical professional. Members questioned how this process relates to the state’s special education rules and whether the school-district examiner standards in ED 107/1107.04 apply to EFAs. Sutherton said the MCD form, created with the department, requires the medical professional to sign that they are qualified to make the determination and to identify the disability. Several members expressed concern that the EFA process is less rigorous than the school-district IEP process and may be inflating disability counts. One member argued that the administrative rules cited are primarily for school districts, not EFAs, and said the Department of Education may not know how many of the roughly 890 EFA students receiving differentiated aid came through school-district documentation versus the MCD pathway. Another member said the EFA system appears more generous than the school system and raised concerns about oversight, auditing, and whether the program’s data are accurate. Sutherton said the organization reviews signed documentation, credentials, and diagnosis information, and may request additional records to help adjudicate expenses. No votes or formal actions were taken beyond approving the prior minutes.

Transcript Highlights:

• The Committee on Steering, Policy and Scheduling reports recommending that the following House bills
• be scheduled for consideration by the House: House Bill No. 2917, relative to employees of the Dedham-Westwood

Summary: The House began with the Pledge of Allegiance and then took up several Committee on Rules reports extending committee reporting deadlines on various House orders. The House suspended the rules as needed and adopted each extension, including for the Committees on Aging and Independence, Consumer Protection and Professional Licensure, Housing, and Transportation. The House also concurred in several Senate petitions referred under Joint Rule 12, including proposals on charter school funding, a Salem police retirement, utility shut-off protections during extreme heat, and seatbelt education for passengers in large vehicles. The Committee on Steering, Policy and Scheduling reported four local bills for House consideration: legislation concerning employees of the Dedham-Westwood Water District, the membership of the Prim Board, the Williamstown Library Trustees, and rodeos. After suspending Rule 7A, the House gave each bill a second reading and ordered them to a third reading. The House then passed several local bills to be engrossed, including measures on the Cotuit Fire District water commissioners, the town charters of Acushnet and Provincetown, the elected term of Holden’s moderator, and a bill designating Veterans Suicide Awareness and Remembrance Day, which was amended to add an emergency preamble. The House also adopted an amendment substituting a new bill for House Bill 2244, relating to making the Chicopee city charter gender neutral, and passed the amended bill to be engrossed. Later, the House considered and enacted additional measures, including House Bill 4530 making fiscal year 2025 supplemental appropriations, House Bill 4531 establishing the 2026 state primary election day, and House Bill 3298 designating July 2 as Machado-Joseph Disease Awareness Day. The session ended with the House adopting an adjournment order and adjourning to meet the following Monday at 11 a.m. in informal session.

Transcript Highlights:

• We wanted to run it at the same time, but scheduling issues happened, and so we're running it now.
• Oh, yes, because the schedule is changed. So yes, we will coordinate.

Committee: All HOUSE MANAGEMENT

Summary: House Management considered a series of House resolutions and memorial resolutions honoring individuals, teams, and organizations. Measures included recognition of Justin Tate and the Elkins football team, memorial resolutions for Senator Gary Stubblefield and Representative Stanberry, Skin Cancer Awareness Month, the Razorbacks’ national wheelchair basketball championship, the High Hall boys basketball state championship, Mansfield High School’s volleyball and football championships, Rogers student achievements, the Piggott Patriots basketball championship, support for poultry producers affected by an Illinois River watershed lawsuit, the Junior League of Texarkana’s 100th anniversary, and Arkansas Line Workers Appreciation Day. The committee also heard an explanation that noncontroversial items generally go to the consent calendar, while memorials and potentially controversial items go to the red calendar. Most resolutions were briefly presented by their sponsors, with no questions from the committee, and were approved by voice vote. The committee also received guidance from the parliamentarian on the consent calendar process and how presentations are livestreamed and archived for public viewing. Representative Steele’s memorial resolution for Bishop Kenneth L. Robinson was described as a bipartisan, multi-district tribute reflecting his statewide ministry and community impact; it was also approved and placed on the red calendar. At the end of the meeting, members were reminded that the schedule could change, with possible meetings on Thursday and Monday the following week. The committee then adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• We wanted to run it at the same time, but scheduling issues happen, and so we're running it now.
• Oh, yes, because the schedule is changed. So yes, we will coordinate.

Committee: All HOUSE MANAGEMENT

Transcript Highlights:

• It's really more: is it appropriation or is it covered within the scope of their fee schedule?
• It's covered within the scope of their fee schedule. That's my question. Thank you.

Bills: SB259

Committee: House Energy

Summary: The committee met for its final Energy meeting and took up Senate Bill 259, with Chair Newton offering an amendment as a condition for hearing the bill. The amendment focused on water protections for data centers, requiring low-consumptive cooling methods such as closed-loop, dielectric fluid, or air cooling when groundwater is the primary cooling source, and prohibiting traditional open-air evaporative cooling. Newton explained that the bill applies to permitted water users, not domestic household use, and is intended to ensure accurate measurement of high-volume water use such as irrigation and industrial use. Newton said the bill would require metering or another measuring device at a central point for permitted users, would not reduce a user’s allotment if they do not use their full permitted amount, and would allow the Oklahoma Water Resources Board to investigate complaints and assess escalating fines for waste or abuse. He also described a five-year averaging system that would allow users to exceed their annual allotment up to 150% in a single year as long as they remain within their permit over five years, and said the metering requirement would be phased in over time to reduce cost burdens. Members questioned the fiscal impact, whether the Oklahoma Water Resources Board costs would be covered by appropriations or fees, and why mandatory metering was preferable to a voluntary system. Newton responded that the board’s costs would be covered within its fee schedule, and argued that mandatory reporting and metering were needed to ensure compliance and long-term groundwater conservation, citing concerns about aquifer depletion and the importance of protecting water resources for future generations. The committee voted 8-0 to report Senate Bill 259 out with a do pass recommendation. The chair then thanked members and adjourned the meeting, noting it would be the committee’s last meeting.

Transcript Highlights:

• This event is held in the city of Avondale and is scheduled for April this year.
• Act 461 of the 2025 regular session contained the following general fund appropriation in Schedule 20

Summary: The Joint Legislative Committee on the Budget met on March 19, 2006, and first received a fiscal status statement and five-year baseline budget from the Office of Planning and Budget, with no changes reported. The committee then approved several BA-7 budget adjustments, including additional funding for the Department of Culture, Recreation and Tourism’s Cultural Development Program, a $24.4 million federal funds increase for the Louisiana Department of Health’s Rural Health Transformation Program grant, and a $1 million statutory dedication for reimbursement related to the Zurich Classic of New Orleans. All of these items were recommended for approval by both OPB and the Legislative Fiscal Office. The committee also approved a Facility Planning and Control request for the Louisiana Military Department to add $9.1 million to the Jackson Barracks cyber warfare operations project to incorporate a SCIF, bringing total authority to $29.7 million. Members then approved several interpretations of legislative intent to correct or clarify prior appropriations, including parish and local-government recipients and purposes in St. Mary Parish, Catahoula Parish, Lafourche Parish, East Feliciana, and the Wind Foundation of Louisiana. In addition, the committee approved one-year extensions and added funding for Department of Culture, Recreation and Tourism tourism advertising contracts, and approved a final extension of the Office of Risk Management’s contract with Sedgwick Claims Management Services. Later, the committee reviewed but did not require action on a change-order report and heard presentations on two university-related agreements. Louisiana Tech University described a plan to shift campus utility service from its aging cogeneration system to local utility providers, requiring new chillers and boilers but projected to save more than $1.6 million annually in operating costs, with estimated debt service of about $1.2 million. The committee also heard an extension request from the University of Louisiana at Lafayette for consulting services supporting its Banner ERP system. The meeting concluded with adjournment after no further business.

Transcript Highlights:

• We did have a busy schedule, so we made a... Thank you.
• We did have a busy schedule, so we made a suggestion that you come here, and we were so blessed to have

Summary: The Senate Committee on Pre-K-12 Appropriations met with a quorum present, but the chair announced that the committee would not be presenting its budget that day due to a Senate memorandum. The only bill heard was SB 7036 by Senator Corey Simon, which was described as a broad education package strengthening school turnaround tools, early literacy supports, early learning policies, academic interventions, and educator pipeline provisions. Simon explained that the bill would expand educational emergency authority, clarify use of Title I funds for STEM, align charter renewal and dismissal rules, update epinephrine policy, protect gold seal provider status in certain cases, expand VPK summer bridge eligibility, support math and reading interventions, expand agriculture and Algebra I career-based instruction, re-engage students through GATE, and update teacher certification pathways, including computer science. The committee adopted an amendment offered by Simon that removed provisions on temporary door locks and DOE-developed instructional materials and added a GATE startup grant update to expand rule eligibility and allowable implementation costs. The bill drew many appearance forms, with several individuals and the Florida Education Association waving against, while one speaker, Ella Latimore, appeared in support/for the bill. Simon said concerns from the prior stop had been addressed by removing the contested language and noted discussions with the CFO’s office and law enforcement regarding the door lock provisions. After closing debate, the committee approved the bill on a roll call vote and reported CS for SB 7036 favorably. The remainder of the meeting included brief remarks recognizing visiting students from Childs High School and the Rack Pack, comments about community member Misty Cash, and a discussion by Senator Osgood about declining immigrant student enrollment and its budget impact on school districts. The committee then adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• We did have a busy schedule, so we made a... Thank you.
• We did have a busy schedule, so we made a suggestion that you come here, and we were so blessed to have

Committee: Senate Appropriations Committee on Pre-K - 12 Education

Transcript Highlights:

• Joan Barish: I'm scheduling front brakes next month.
• I'm scheduling back brakes the month after so that that will get taken care of.

Keywords: Texas state employees, retirees, compensation, House Bill 343, House Bill 247, Senator Sarah Eckhardt, Representative John Busey, cost of living, workforce, legislative session

Summary: The committee meeting focused on critical issues facing Texas state employees and retirees, highlighting the need for increased compensation and improved benefits. Senator Sarah Eckhardt and Representative John Busey presented new legislation aimed at addressing these longstanding problems, including proposed House Bills 343 and 247, which seek a $10,000 across-the-board pay increase for state employees. Senator Eckhardt emphasized the growing wage gap between public sector jobs and private sector offerings, which has led to high turnover rates and the loss of institutional knowledge. Public testimonies underscored the urgency of the issue as retirees shared their struggles with stagnant pensions amidst rising living costs.

Transcript Highlights:

• savings, it could reverse that advance payment rather than delaying cash payments from the current schedule
• years for the specific adult learner demonstration project, which is part of the strong workforce schedule
• years for the specific adult learner demonstration project which is part of the strong workforce schedule
• in the which is part of the strong workforce schedule in that item.
• I believe the current pilot that was funded is scheduled to run out in November of 2006.

Transcript Highlights:

• That we are only scheduled technically for one, but I could argue for a second if we need it.
• Oh, we’ll schedule an interview or whatever it might be.
• Oh, we’ll schedule an interview or whatever it might be.
• So I'm going to try to make every effort to accommodate everybody's schedule.
• I'm going to try to make every effort to accommodate everybody's schedule. So whatever that means.

Committee: Joint Protection and Victim Services Committee

Summary: The committee first approved the December 16 minutes and then heard a presentation from Dr. Ramona Danielson on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and their economic and public-system impacts. She explained that ACEs are population-level risk indicators, not individual diagnostic tools, and said higher ACE exposure is associated with more chronic illness, mental health challenges, child welfare and justice involvement, and lower workforce participation. She cautioned that precise dollar estimates are difficult because of the many interacting factors across the life course, but said the direction of the impact is clear and that evidence-based interventions and protective factors can reduce harm. Members asked about definitions of a “healthy family,” same-sex couples, divorce, substance abuse, trends in ACEs, and home visiting; she emphasized supportive relationships, protective factors, and the importance of positive childhood experiences. The committee then heard from Allison Mahoney and Missy Barranco, along with a recorded family story from Abby, about evidence-based home visiting programs in North Dakota. Abby described how Healthy Families North Dakota supported her family after a premature birth and NICU stay by providing weekly in-home coaching, developmental screenings, postpartum mental health check-ins, referrals, and parenting support. The presenters explained that home visiting is voluntary, relationship-based, and usually begins prenatally or shortly after birth, with referrals coming from hospitals, WIC, pregnancy navigators, human service zones, self-referrals, and other community partners. They said North Dakota currently has four main evidence-based models operating through 12 organizations, with Healthy Families available in all 53 counties, though only a fraction of eligible families are served. Funding was described as a patchwork of federal MIECHV/Title IV-E, Medicaid, state and tribal funds, philanthropy, charitable gaming, and other grants; members discussed whether the Legislature or agencies should expand support and how to improve outreach and sustainability. Finally, the committee received a memorandum on artificial intelligence and sexual exploitation, focusing on AI-generated child sexual abuse material, deepfakes, sextortion, and chatbot-related risks. The report summarized federal and state law, including North Dakota’s existing computer-generated image provisions, the federal PROTECT Act, the Take It Down Act, and recent federal executive orders on AI policy. Members discussed the need for child-safety protections, the limits of executive orders, and broader concerns about AI’s effect on critical thinking and misinformation. The committee then heard from BCI Special Agent Cassidy Halsef, who said AI is already driving a sharp rise in child exploitation cases in North Dakota, including AI-generated explicit images of real minors and school-based incidents involving mass-shared manipulated images. She said investigators are seeing more cyber tips, more difficult forensic work, and lasting harm to victims and families, and urged stronger legal penalties, specialized training, victim services, and prevention education in schools and communities.