Video & Transcript : 'ward boundaries' :

Page 131 of 275
MA

Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session

Joint Committee on Housing Jun 21st, 2026 at 11:00 am

Joint Committee on Housing

Transcript Highlights:
  • My partner and I live in a one-bedroom, one-bathroom apartment in Ward 5, for which we pay $3,100 per
  • I am the ward for city councilor in Lynn, and I am here today because families and our communities are
  • I am the ward for city councilor and Lynn, and I am here today because families and our communities are
Keywords: 995, all
Summary: The Joint Committee on Housing held a hybrid hearing on a broad slate of landlord-tenant and home rule bills, with most testimony focused on rent stabilization, tenant opportunity to purchase (TOPA), tenant fees, access to counsel, algorithmic rent fixing, and tenant protections in subsidized housing. Chairs Cyr and Haggerty outlined the hearing procedures and noted that written testimony could also be submitted. Several members and invited speakers emphasized that the committee was hearing from both local officials and residents affected by housing instability, especially in Somerville and other communities facing high rents and displacement. Supporters of rent stabilization and local-option rent control argued that Massachusetts needs tools to prevent displacement while new housing is built. Senator Eldridge, Senator Jalen, Somerville officials, tenant organizers, and residents described steep rent increases, no-fault evictions, and the loss of naturally occurring affordable housing. Somerville’s home rule petition was described as allowing annual increases tied to CPI plus 2%, capped at 5%, with exemptions for owner-occupied two- and three-family homes and a 15-year exemption for new construction. TOPA supporters said it would let tenants or their designees buy buildings before speculative buyers, preserving affordable housing stock; opponents, including small landlords and property managers, argued rent control would reduce supply, discourage investment, and that TOPA could delay sales and harm properties. The committee also heard testimony on bills to curb junk fees and regulate tenant charges, including limits on late fees, lease renewal fees, payment portal fees, attorney’s fees, and other add-on charges. Advocates said these fees can add hundreds of dollars a month and disproportionately harm low-income renters and renters of color. Another major topic was algorithmic rent fixing: Senator Moore and Representative Sabadoza said landlords should not use software such as RealPage to coordinate pricing, citing federal antitrust actions and arguing that competition is essential to lowering rents. Additional testimony supported a statewide right to counsel in eviction cases, with legal services providers saying representation dramatically improves outcomes and can save the state money, and a bill to create an office of tenant protections to better enforce sanitary code violations. No votes or final actions were taken during the hearing.
MD

Maryland 2026 Regular Session

Senate Floor Session, 3/24/2026 #1

Maryland Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • continue<00:09:22.040><c> to</c><00:09:22.240><c> walk</c><00:09:22.560><c> into</c><00:09:22.840><c> wards
  • </c><00:09:23.160><c> your</c> continue to walk into wards your continue to walk into wards your greatness
Summary: The Senate convened with 42 members present and a quorum, opened with an invocation by Pastor Jaylen Robinson, and recognized several guests and honorees. Early floor remarks included a welcome to students from Forest Oak Middle School, a young Senate shadow from Woodlawn High School, and guests from Charles H. Flowers High School. The chamber also noted a doctor of the day and announced that panoramic photos in the Senate lounge were available for order by March 27, with eye exams available in the State House. The main legislative business was Senate Bill 283, the President’s Maryland Consolidated Capital Bond Loan of 2026. The Senate Budget and Taxation Committee presented 291 amendments, described as funding priorities for jobs, infrastructure, and reliability while staying within debt affordability limits. The amendments covered school construction, natural resources, higher education, housing, Maryland Environmental Service, miscellaneous grants, local Senate bond initiatives, jails and detention centers, and pre-authorizations for fiscal 2028. Four amendments were separated for individual roll calls: 30, 35, 46, and 241, all of which were adopted. The remaining committee amendments were adopted without objection, and the favorable committee report as amended was then taken up. During debate on the capital budget amendments, one senator raised concerns about the bill and the difficulty of tracking the amendments on the electronic system, prompting discussion about technical issues and the availability of the documents on the website and in paper form. The chair said the committee had been working on the bill for months and urged the body to proceed. A question was raised about Amendment 264, which deauthorized a Willing Helper Society renovation project in Charles County; the chair explained the money had not been spent, was about to expire, and was repurposed to a Boys and Girls Club of Southern Maryland project to keep the funding in Charles County.
FL

Florida 2026 Regular Session

Military and Veterans Affairs, Space, and Domestic Security Feb 2nd, 2026

Military and Veterans Affairs, Space, and Domestic Security

Transcript Highlights:
  • As long as the military installation is located within the boundaries of the state, as long as the United
Keywords: 999, senate, all
Summary: The Senate Committee on Military and Veterans Affairs, Space, and Domestic Security met and first postponed consideration of one bill at the sponsor’s request. The committee then heard SB 1514, a public records measure linked to the Space Florida policy bill, which exempts Board of Space Florida meetings from public records requirements when the board is discussing trade secrets. Senator Burgess said the exemption was intended to protect sensitive business information and support Space Florida’s work. The bill drew no questions or debate and was reported favorably by roll call vote. The committee next took up CS for SB 502, which would provide concurrent state and federal legislative jurisdiction over certain juvenile offenses committed on U.S. military installations in Florida when federal exclusive jurisdiction has been waived and the conduct is also a state crime. Senator Wright explained that the change would allow juveniles to be handled in the state juvenile justice system rather than federal court, which he said is better suited to rehabilitation. The bill also received no questions or debate and was reported favorably by roll call vote. After the votes, members noted the presence of veterans advocates from Pasco County and their therapy dog, Grit, associated with the Warrior Wellness Program. The committee then adjourned without further business.
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • It also addresses shifts to the city council boundaries in the last redistricting process.
Summary: The Senate Natural Resources and Water Committee met with a quorum present and heard one non-consent bill, SB 832 by Senator Allen. The bill would update the statute governing the Upper Los Angeles River and Tributaries Working Group to reflect its ongoing role, require it to meet at least annually to review implementation of the revitalization plan and possible amendments, and adjust membership to ensure representation from the city council district with the most Upper L.A. River miles. Senator Allen and sponsor April Bird of the Mountains Recreation and Conservation Authority described the measure as a minor but important update to support continued implementation of the 2020 revitalization plan, which identified 300 projects and has 18 currently underway. Committee members asked about the change from meetings every two years to every year, and the author explained that the bill would codify a more regular schedule after a prior budget change had set the interval at two years. Senator Stern expressed support, noting the complexity of coordinating city, county, and MRCA interests and the need for the working group to support future project funding and planning. No opposition was presented. Senator Laird moved the bill, and the committee voted 6-0 to pass SB 832 to Senate Appropriations. The meeting then adjourned.
NH

New Hampshire 2026 Regular Session

Senate Finance (02/10/2026)

Finance

Transcript Highlights:
  • These cuts are severe, as high as over 14% at the Ward Health Center in Windham, New Hampshire. system
  • severe, as high as over 14% severe, as high as over 14% at<00:43:11.359><c> the</c><00:43:11.440><c> Ward
  • Vincent, Paul, and Ward that were especially hurt.
  • Paul and Ward that were especially hurt. Paul and Ward that were especially hurt.
Keywords: 1191, senate, all
WY

Wyoming 2026 Regular Session

Joint Education Committee, June 1, 2026 - PM

Education

Transcript Highlights:
  • Uh, the next level up is providing an advisory letter that says you're getting close to that boundary
  • Uh, the next level up is providing an advisory letter that says you're getting close to that boundary
  • Uh, the next level up is providing an advisory letter that says you're getting close to that boundary
  • Uh, the next level up is providing an advisory letter that says you're getting close to that boundary
  • Uh, the next level up is providing an advisory letter that says you're getting close to that boundary
Keywords: 916, all
NH

New Hampshire 2026 Regular Session

House Transportation (04/14/2026)

Transportation

Transcript Highlights:
  • It would end right at their boundary, or boundaries. Um, let me...
  • understanding is you're looking at the kind of condensed area, so that that wouldn't even be the town boundary
  • It would end right at their boundary, or boundaries. Um, let me...
  • understanding is you're looking at the kind of condensed area, so that that wouldn't even be the town boundary
Keywords: 1189, house, all
ND

North Dakota 2026 1st Special Session

Agriculture and Water Management Committee Mar 31st, 2026 at 09:30 am

Agriculture and Water Management Committee

Transcript Highlights:
  • Chairman Hauck, one thing of note: the sovereign lands boundary is dynamic.
  • The DEQ also must balance the quality of the discharge with the Boundary Waters Treaty of 1909, as one
  • We need to know where's the boundary between navigable and non-navigable water connected to Devil's Lake
  • The boundary shifts as the lake level changes. But what isn't...
  • The boundary shifts as the lake level changes.
Keywords: 908, all
ND

North Dakota 2026 1st Special Session

Agriculture and Water Management Committee Mar 31st, 2026

Agriculture and Water Management Committee

Transcript Highlights:
  • Chairman Hauck, one thing of note: the sovereign lands boundary is dynamic.
  • Chairman Hauck, one thing of note: the sovereign lands boundary is dynamic.
  • The DEQ also must balance the quality of the discharge with the Boundary Waters Treaty of 1909, as one
  • We need to know where's the boundary between navigable and non-navigable water connected to Devil's Lake
  • The boundary shifts as the lake level changes.
Summary: The committee met for its third interim meeting, approved the prior meeting minutes, and heard a series of statutory reports from the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Water Resources. Chair Hauck noted that Legislative Management had denied the committee’s earlier request for a fertilizer capacity study, and that the committee would also revisit the proposed Union Pacific/Norfolk Southern merger later in the day. Commissioner Doug Goring reported on several agriculture topics, including uncrewed aerial systems grants to detect noxious weeds, irrigation expansion potential, the low-carbon fuels program for ethanol plants, the Environmental Impact Mitigation Fund, model zoning ordinances for animal feeding operations, and fertilizer production and usage in North Dakota. He emphasized that fertilizer supply depends heavily on natural gas and water, that most nitrogen fertilizer is imported, and that large-scale fertilizer plants require very large capital investments. Members discussed fertilizer storage, natural gas pipeline capacity, water availability, and the role of state infrastructure in supporting value-added agriculture. A major portion of the meeting focused on the Department of Water Resources’ economic analysis tool for water conveyance and flood-related projects. Dr. Dwayne Poole explained that the tool was created under 2017 legislation to help evaluate projects expected to cost $1 million or more, and that the department is proposing adjustments to better account for end-of-useful-life conditions and changing hydrologic data. He said the changes would remain focused on direct, demonstrable costs and benefits, not indirect impacts, and would be implemented through guidance and operating procedures rather than statutory changes. Committee members and water users discussed whether the revisions would better reflect real-world conditions, including deferred maintenance, changing rainfall patterns, and downstream effects. A representative from the Water Resource District Association said the group was working with DWR and hoped to review test scenarios before the June meeting. The committee then received a detailed presentation on Devils Lake, its outlets, and the Tolna Coulee control structure. State Engineer John Paskowski reviewed lake history, outlet capacities, sulfate and downstream flow constraints, and the purpose of the Tolna Coulee structure in limiting head cutting and preventing uncontrolled downstream releases. Members questioned whether the structure was effectively a dam, whether the lake would naturally overflow without it, the last time the outlets ran, and whether water quality in Devils Lake has improved over time. Paskowski said the outlets last operated in August 2025, that sulfate levels still limit operations, and that the lake has freshened somewhat but not enough to eliminate water-quality concerns. The discussion also touched on whether water from flooded areas or closed-basin systems could be reused for irrigation, and on the broader implications of wet cycles, inundated land, and drainage management across the state.
HI
Transcript Highlights:
  • 20007 relating to land use decision-making, which provides authority for counties to amend district boundaries
  • , relating to land use decision-making, which provides authority for counties to amend district boundaries
  • /c><00:43:19.760><c> district</c> for counties to amend district for counties to amend district boundaries
  • 43:20.960><c> Um,</c><00:43:21.760><c> I'd</c><00:43:22.000><c> like</c><00:43:22.160><c> to</c> boundaries
  • Um, I'd like to boundaries.
Keywords: 912, senate, all
Summary: The committees first took up SB 3322 relating to law enforcement. Chairs recommended adopting amendments from the Department of Law Enforcement that would exempt plainclothes officers from identification requirements, limit conspicuous agency markings to vehicles used in immigration enforcement operations, and allow a plainclothes officer to wear a mask when within eyesight of an unmasked officer from the same agency while performing official duties. Although there was an initial quorum issue, both committees ultimately voted to adopt the chair’s recommendation and advance the bill as amended. The next major item was SB 3333 relating to property tax treatment for certain housing. Testimony was strongly supportive, including from a Maui County real property tax board member and a representative of Nali Maui, who described homeowners in affordable housing being taxed at much higher rates when exemptions were missed or when resale restrictions kept values below market. The committees recommended passing the bill with amendments, including a deferred effective date of April 19, 2042, and the recommendation was adopted. The committees also heard SB 2422 on a pro housing score program for counties, SB 2981 on eliminating minimum off-street parking requirements in urban districts, SB 2007 on county land use boundary amendments, SB 3028 on restructuring the conveyance tax to a marginal rate system, SB 3033 on public petitions for review of beach structures, and SB 2434 on electric vehicle infrastructure. SB 2422 drew support with a request for flexibility and an appeals process for counties facing extraordinary circumstances; the chair’s recommendation was to pass it with amendments and note a $200,000 implementation study request, which was adopted. SB 2981 received strong support from housing and transportation advocates and was advanced unamended, while SB 2007 drew opposition from the Sierra Club and discussion about the Land Use Commission’s limited enforcement tools and the number of approved but unbuilt units. SB 3028 received mixed testimony, with support for the marginal-rate change but concerns about earmarking and blanks in the bill, and SB 3033 was supported as an early-warning mechanism for erosion-threatened coastal structures, though OPSD said it should not be the regulatory decision-maker. SB 2434 prompted concern about whether utility capacity can support EV infrastructure goals, with the chair citing a recent report suggesting transmission and distribution constraints.
NM
Transcript Highlights:
  • pathways, due west from the airport right to the La Cienega community, which is then its western boundary
  • again, say that the water does not give any respect to the fences that are up, right, to those boundaries
  • out, that hashed line perhaps one-third of the way up from the bottom of the map, is actually the boundary
  • provide a hydrological dam or barrier, and that's where that preventing the migration of the plume boundary
  • provide a hydrological dam or barrier, and that's where that preventing the migration of the plume boundary
Summary: The committee first heard a presentation from the Environment Department on PFAS contamination in private wells in La Cienega, Santa Fe County. Staff said the plume likely came from historic use of firefighting foam associated with airport and National Guard fire-training activities, with possible additional contribution from septic systems and consumer products. They described the contamination as affecting about 200 private wells, the short-term response of providing residential filters through a $2 million legislative appropriation, and ongoing work to define the plume’s full extent, identify responsible parties, and consider longer-term regional water solutions. Members asked about filter costs, replacement schedules, disposal of used cartridges, follow-up testing, health studies, and whether cleanup or containment had begun; the department said cleanup would follow once the plume is fully mapped and that DOH is soliciting interest in a blood study. The committee also discussed the need to track disposal of PFAS filters and the possibility of broader statewide capacity for similar work. The committee then took up abandoned uranium mine cleanup. NMED and EMNRD staff reviewed the new uranium mine reclamation program created by HB 164, the state dashboard tracking sites, and the FY26 appropriation of $20 million for neglected contaminated sites, of which $12 million is being used for neglected uranium mines and the remainder for other contaminated sites. They said six contractors were hired, three priority sites in Grant County are moving forward quickly, and additional sites are being prepared for possible FY27 work. Members pressed for details on how funds are spent, why the revolving fund remains unfunded, how federal, state, tribal, and landowner requirements are coordinated, where contaminated material will be moved, and whether cleanup could also address homes built with contaminated materials. Staff said the work is governed by multiple regulatory layers, that the state is seeking an additional $25 million for FY27-FY28 plus a time extension, and that partnerships with tribes would require longer-term agreements. The committee also discussed federal cleanup efforts and the new Good Samaritan law, with members urging stronger advocacy for New Mexico sites, including tribal lands, and asking whether the Attorney General should pursue legal action against federal parties responsible for legacy contamination. Staff explained that some sites are already covered by settlement funds tied to responsible parties, while neglected sites are those with no responsible party and no other cleanup program. The committee then heard from EMNRD on Class VI carbon sequestration primacy. Staff said New Mexico currently has no operating Class VI wells, about 27 Class II acid-gas injection wells are operating, and only a small number might be candidates for conversion. They explained that the state’s primacy application would require more public outreach than federal rules alone, and that cost estimates for post-injection site care are based on long planning horizons, with some costs borne by operators and some by the state after closure. No votes were taken on the substantive items discussed; the committee approved the prior meeting minutes and took a brief recess between presentations.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Conference Committee on SF3045 5/9/25

Transcript Highlights:
  • On line 24, Senate section 51 changes the deadline for when municipal boundary adjustments take effect
  • So that boundary adjustment doesn't take place in the middle of an absentee voting period.
  • On line 24, Senate section 51 changes the deadline for when municipal boundary adjustments take effect
  • So that boundary adjustment doesn't take place in the middle of an absentee voting period.
  • any location or in an adjoining room to a place where cannabis products are served or sold. that boundary
Keywords: 1183, house
FL

Florida 2026 Regular Session

Rules Apr 21st, 2025

Rules

Transcript Highlights:
  • I still think that it creates additional boundaries to schools to be able to collect important data on
  • I still think that it creates additional boundaries to schools to be able to collect important data on
  • Additionally, the amendment prohibits CRAs from expanding their boundaries and prohibits expenditures
  • Additionally, the amendment prohibits CRAs from expanding their boundaries and prohibits expenditures
  • This amendment provides clarity to mid-sized coastal communities regarding the boundaries between sovereign
Summary: The committee first took up CS/SB 1606 on patient access to records. Sponsor Senator Grall explained an amendment that aligned the bill more closely with HIPAA by defining “designated record set,” allowing a 14-day extension, and requiring records to be produced in the requested form if readily producible. Several senators asked about patient portals, legal representatives, and whether the bill applied post-mortem; Grall said the bill was limited to authorized access during the patient’s life. Testimony was largely opposed, with health information and provider groups warning that the bill could create cybersecurity risks, conflict with HIPAA and meaningful-use rules, burden facilities, and improperly broaden access to portals and sensitive records. Supporters argued it would improve patient access and speed. The amendment was adopted, and the bill was reported favorably by roll call vote after debate on the bill as amended. The committee then considered CS/SB 712 on construction regulations. Grall described provisions on synthetic turf, change orders, public works bidding, elevator rails, alarm contractor scope, tall mass timber, pool and spa contractor scope, spaceport exemptions, permit document limits, and solar/energy storage inspections. Two amendments were adopted: one removed pool and spa contractor language and delayed the change-order provision until July 1, 2025; the other removed the tall mass timber section. Pool contractors testified against the scope expansion in the original bill, while others supported the remaining provisions. Senators raised concerns about the Florida Building Commission process and how the public-works language might affect small-business participation, but the bill as amended was ultimately reported favorably. Finally, the committee heard CS/SB 1288 on parental rights. Grall said the bill would require parental consent for most minor health care decisions, allow parental access to records, restrict surveys/questionnaires, and limit use of biofeedback devices, while preserving certain exceptions such as emergency care and STD testing. An amendment clarified questionnaire opt-outs for K-12 students, added court-order exceptions, addressed DNA sampling for criminal investigations, refined biofeedback language, and added emergency behavioral health exceptions; it was adopted. The bill drew extensive testimony both for and against: supporters said it restored parental authority and protected children from decisions they are not equipped to make, while opponents argued it would endanger minors seeking confidential STI, mental health, or abuse-related care, especially in unsafe homes. Senators also debated whether the bill would conflict with existing laws and whether it could leave some minors untreated. The transcript ends during continued public testimony on the bill.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Committee on Education Finance - 03/18/25

Education Finance

Transcript Highlights:
  • are located within the ceded territories, with a small number of pieces within tribal reservation boundaries
  • schools, even though 150,000 acres of the highly profitable school trust land is within reservation boundaries
  • are located within the ceded territories, with a small number of pieces within tribal reservation boundaries
  • schools, even though 150,000 acres of the highly profitable school trust land is within reservation boundaries
  • are located within the ceded territories, with a small number of pieces within tribal reservation boundaries
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
MN
Transcript Highlights:
  • beginning of this school year and submitted it to the school nurse around specific and very reasonable boundaries
  • that wants to be involved in their children's lives and their upbringing and probably have correct boundaries
  • 32.480><c> correct</c> upbringing and probably have correct upbringing and probably have correct boundaries
  • 35.400><c> um</c><01:15:36.239><c> also</c><01:15:37.040><c> being</c><01:15:37.360><c> able</c> boundaries
  • and um also being able boundaries and um also being able to<01:15:40.560><c> advocate</c><01:15:41.080
Keywords: 1183, house
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House State Government Finance and Policy Committee 1/21/25

State Government Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:
  • And we serve as the repository of the geographic boundary information.
  • It's very visual for people, but we store the boundary data, we provide the district mapping, we help
  • We also serve as the repository of the geographic boundary information.
  • It's very visual for people, but we store the boundary data, we provide the district mapping, we help
  • We also serve as the repository of the geographic boundary information.
Keywords: 1183, house
TX
Transcript Highlights:
  • Megan: ... the ward had passed away, not from natural causes, but the court was not even aware of it
  • Megan: ... the ward had passed away, not from natural causes, but the court was not even aware of it
  • Megan: ... the ward had passed away, not from natural causes, but the court was not even aware of it
  • And I also think that in instances where there has been fraud or abuse, or seeing one of the wards that
  • I also think that in instances where there has been fraud or abuse, or seeing someone, one of the wards
Bills: SB 1
NM
Transcript Highlights:
  • I think it's important that everyone understands what the boundaries are and what their districts are
NH

New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session

House Election Law (03/07/2025)

Election Law

Transcript Highlights:
  • at your own leisure to understand what those federal boundaries are as to how to legislate here in New
  • at your own leisure to understand what those federal boundaries are as to how to legislate here in New
  • at your own leisure to understand what those federal boundaries are as to how to legislate here in New
  • at your own leisure to understand what those federal boundaries are as to how to legislate here in New
  • Those federal boundaries are as to how to legislate here in New Hampshire, what are those constraints
Keywords: 1189, house, all
HI

Hawaii 2025 Regular Session

WTL Public Hearing 03-17-2025

Transcript Highlights:
  • Last week, a fire was started on our ranch boundary.
  • Last week, a fire was started on our ranch boundary.
  • Last week, a fire was started on our ranch boundary.
  • Last week, a fire was started on our ranch boundary.
  • Last week, a fire was started on our ranch boundary.
Keywords: 912, senate, all
Summary: The Committee on Water and Land heard SR 18, which asks DLNR to transfer active agricultural land leases to the Department of Agriculture to support agriculture. DLNR, through Don Chang, opposed the resolution, saying the department has already been transferring parcels by mutual agreement and should not be required to transfer lands it does not consent to. Ranchers and agricultural advocates strongly supported the measure, arguing that the lands are active production areas, that partial transfers would undermine ranching operations, and that water infrastructure built by ranchers must be protected. Testimony from the Hawaii Farm Bureau and others emphasized the importance of preserving agricultural land for food production, wildfire management, and long-term ranch viability. Committee members pressed both sides on acreage, specific parcels, and whether negotiations were still ongoing, with DLNR later clarifying that some parcels remain under negotiation and that some proposed transfers have been narrowed or adjusted. Several specific ranches and parcels were discussed, including Batello, Diamond B, Delo, Nobriga, and Kapala Ranch. Witnesses described the operational importance of water systems, grazing areas, and access routes, and said that losing productive acreage would threaten business viability. Some members expressed concern that the proposal appeared to transfer productive land while leaving less useful land with ranchers, and urged the department to continue transparent negotiations and consider the practical impact on agriculture and conservation. A DLNR representative said some transfers were tied to other needs, such as transportation mitigation, and not to a broader effort to take more land. The Department of Agriculture later stated it supports the intent of the measure, but suggested its concerns would likely be addressed if the resolution were narrowed to the specific parcels at issue. The chair also announced that the related House bill on the same subject remains alive and will be heard by Water and Land on Thursday. After concluding SR 18, the committee moved on to SCR 51 and SR 33, which seek a working group to evaluate establishing and administratively placing an Office of Resilience and Recovery. The Office of Planning and Sustainable Development indicated support for the concept, noting the office’s value in Maui wildfire recovery efforts.