Video & Transcript Research : 'permittal efficiency'
Page 131 of 411
KY
Kentucky 2025 Regular Session
Interim Joint Committee on Veterans, Military Affairs, & Public Protection (8-27-25)
Transcript Highlights:
- local community center is closing down as we try to keep our processes moving forward and, for efficiency
- We saw that the expense of renting something during a disaster is extremely high, and it's more efficient
- for us to have a few of the efficient for us to have a few of the things<00:56:08.960>
that <00 - <01:05:46.079>
And <01:05:46.240>if manner and more efficient manner. - And if manner and more efficient manner.
Summary:
The committee met with a quorum, approved the prior meeting minutes, and then spent much of the meeting recognizing members of the Falmouth Police Department and related support personnel. Representatives and senators described the department’s response to a May 17, 2025 shooting between two vehicles, saying officers secured the area, apprehended suspects, and prevented further harm within about 30 minutes. They also recognized Officer Jonathan Bis for helping rescue a person from a burning storage facility on May 3, and honored Chaplain Abram Croer and police administrator Marilyn Belure for their support roles. Members praised the officers’ service and presented citations; one member also noted the recent flooding in Falmouth and the strain on local responders. The committee also observed a moment of silence for a firefighter who died after a vehicle crash while responding to a call.
The committee then recognized Sergeant Major Jimmy Thorne, USMC (Ret.), with a lengthy citation for his military service and community involvement. The citation highlighted more than three decades of service, including Vietnam, Lebanon, Somalia, multiple injuries, exposure to Agent Orange, and numerous decorations such as the Purple Heart and Meritorious Service Medal. Speakers also noted his continued civic work in Williamstown and Grant County. Thorne thanked the committee, said enlisting in the Marine Corps and moving to Kentucky were two of his proudest decisions, and received a committee coin. Members and guests offered additional remarks about his character and service.
Finally, Brigadier General Charles Jones and Kentucky Emergency Management Director Eric Gibson gave an update on spring storm response and recovery. They said Kentucky has had three declared disasters and one undeclared event this year, with 113 of 120 counties affected in the last 12 months, including February flooding, April flooding, and May tornadoes; a January ice storm appeal was denied. Gibson emphasized the rising frequency and cost of disasters, citing about $350 million in public assistance over the first 10 years of the period reviewed versus about $2 billion in the last five years. He reported on sheltering, disaster recovery centers, FEMA and SBA assistance, and said about $57 million in individual assistance had been paid and nearly $69 million obligated, while public assistance projects were still moving through review and payment.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- However, our current statute shows gaps that limit the department. ...authority and efficiency.
- Cars are more efficient, we have more EVs, and it’s just not going nearly as far.
- More efficiently at the local level.
- We believe we can be more efficient, hence the reasoning for this bill.
- It allows our workforce to move efficiently across our region.
Bills:
HB2065, HB2462, HB2621, HB3187, HB3539, HB3563, HB3726, HB4164, HB4207, HB4368, HB4706, HB4916, HB4950, HB4967, HB5177, HB4429, HB5597
Keywords:
commercial vehicles, parking regulations, residential areas, local governance, land use, traffic safety, high occupancy vehicle lane, pregnant operators, transportation, parental rights, motor vehicle regulations, live video feed, state agency, transparency, public safety, regional transportation, mobility program, sales tax, public infrastructure, local government
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- We can ensure that grant funding reaches the organization that need it most, faster and more efficiently
- it, and simply put, each agency should be looking for any way possible to make their areas more efficient
- This bill could serve as a statewide model of improving outcomes while making an efficient use of public
- APRNs, aligning with their advanced responsibilities and ensuring efficient implementation. and here
- It is not designed to effectively or efficiently consider treatments based on one's individual genetic
Bills:
HB5141, HB4638, HB2264, HB2035, HB4813, HB4408, HB2684, HB1621, HB2300, HB216, HB3829, HB4466, HB1747, HB2284, HB3614, HB2587, HB3219, HB3318, HB5147, HB4014, HB216
Keywords:
lease, state property, public purpose, Travis County, Health and Human Services, pharmaceutical initiative, drug distribution, healthcare services, generic drugs, advanced pharmaceuticals, cost savings, mental health, patient discharge, medical records, health care professionals, substance use, family involvement, chemical dependency, treatment facilities, minor admissions
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- Last year, MnDOT released a report on state highway funding, noting that the increasing efficiency of
- Last year, MnDOT released a report on state highway funding, noting that the increasing efficiency of
- I had heard the 229 was before and then it's gone down to 214 because vehicles have become more efficient
- So I've heard the more efficient.
- <00:43:18.000>
and <00:43:18.240>we're vehicles are more efficient and we're vehicles
HI
Hawaii 2025 Regular Session
JHA Public Hearing - Thu Mar 20, 2025 @ 2:00 PM HST
Judiciary & Hawaiian Affairs
Transcript Highlights:
- This proposal is a more efficient path forward in recognition of and consistent with HRS 205A coastal
- <00:17:02.000>
path This proposal is a more efficient path This proposal is a more efficient - And there's an efficiency issue there. There's also just a general moral issue.
- And there's an efficiency issue there. There's also just a general moral issue.
- And there's an efficiency issue there. There's also just a general moral issue.
Summary:
The committee heard testimony on several measures. SB 1296 HD1, relating to disaster recovery, would exempt reconstruction of lawfully constructed structures damaged or destroyed in a declared disaster from special management area permits under certain conditions. OPSD, DLNR, the County of Maui, Front Street Recovery, and the Grassroot Institute supported the bill, saying it would speed rebuilding after disasters like the Maui fires; one witness noted the bill would not cover shoreline parcels unless amended, and members asked about the five-year rebuild window, the meaning of “lawfully constructed,” and whether unlawful structures were excluded. Testimony was also heard on SB 1413, which would allow the Hawaii Public Housing Authority to dispose of abandoned property in federal public housing projects after notice and within five days; HPHA said the bill would help address illegal dumping and clarify procedures. SB 31 HD1, concerning discriminatory restrictive covenants, was briefly described and had support from the Hawaii Civil Rights Commission and comments from the Uniform Law Commission, with no in-person testimony.
The committee then heard SB 1341, which would add HEMA and the Office of Homeland Security to agencies allowed to review energy industry information and would expand the program’s emergency-management purpose. The Hawaii State Energy Office supported the measure, saying the data is important for emergency response and fuel-supply planning. SB 10008 HD1 would authorize counties to adopt ordinances enforcing accessible parking space requirements and clarify county enforcement of EV-related parking provisions; the Disability and Communication Access Board strongly supported the accessible-parking provisions, saying current enforcement is weak, while noting section three on EV spaces is already largely in statute and could be struck if the committee preferred. Tina Yamaki of the Retail Merchants of Hawaii testified in opposition.
Finally, the committee heard SB 1028 SD1 HD1, which would eliminate fees, fines, and court costs for offenses committed by minors, discharge existing related debt, limit community service for minors to 72 hours, and repeal certain penalties tied to minors and their parents or guardians. The Office of the Public Defender, Office of Hawaiian Affairs, the Juvenile Justice State Advisory Council, Community Alliance on Prisons, and DebtFree Justice Hawaii supported the bill, arguing that youth fines burden families, worsen poverty, and disproportionately affect Native Hawaiian youth. The Department of the Attorney General offered comments, raising possible constitutional title issues because the current draft incorporates material from HB 129 and includes sections that may relate more to restitution or curfew than to fines and fees; supporters responded that the title is sufficient and cited case law. No votes or final actions were taken on the measures in the portion of the meeting provided.
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- <00:38:35.200>
demand Local governments, 24/7 electrical demand, that helps make more efficient - these higher-voltage lines into the system because they provide such an advantage to moving power efficiently
- c> very<00:47:26.400>
good <00:47:26.520>thank <00:47:26.640>you power efficiently - very good thank you power efficiently very good thank you chair<00:47:27.400>
um <00:47:27.599 - But if we care about energy efficiency, the cost of electricity and reliability, water consumption, and
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- take these individuals off the street. to quickly and efficiently take these individuals off the street
- Against these statistics, Haven stands out as an efficient and already at-scale intervention.
- Haven stands out as an efficient and already at-scale intervention.
- We also need to develop training and technical assistance for providers to create efficiencies. and then
- develop training and technical assistance for providers to create efficiencies statewide.
VT
Transcript Highlights:
- That is why we are working on hospitals working together to share services and find efficiencies.
- That is why we are working on hospitals working together to share services and find efficiencies.
- That is why we are working on hospitals working together to share services and find efficiencies.
- That is why we are working on hospitals working together to share services and find efficiencies.
- That is why we are working on hospitals working together to share services and find efficiencies.
Summary:
The House took up S. 190, a health care cost-containment bill relating to the Green Mountain Care Board, reference-based pricing, and a study of a public employee health benefit authority. The House first suspended rules to take the bill from the notice calendar, then heard committee reports from Health Care, Ways and Means, and Appropriations. The Health Care committee chair described the bill as a strike-all amendment intended to carry out Act 68’s hospital reference-based pricing timeline, saying it would let the Green Mountain Care Board begin implementation for fiscal year 2027, expand reference-based pricing to qualified health plans and the Vermont Education Health Insurance program, and address hospital pricing transparency, outsourcing, and critical access hospital Medicare outpatient cost-sharing issues.
Supporters argued the bill would lower insurance costs, help reduce property taxes, and improve hospital sustainability by reducing the need for hospitals to limit access as they approach revenue caps. The Ways and Means committee said the bill could reduce education spending by lowering health care costs for school employees and reported the bill favorably on a 7-4 vote. The Appropriations committee said it reviewed the bill and an amendment, and noted that much of the detailed language would be changed by the appropriations amendment; it also discussed a possible state innovation waiver under the Affordable Care Act. The Health Care committee reported its strike-all amendment favorably on a 10-0 vote.
The bill’s provisions were described in detail, including requiring hospitals and insurers to express rates as a percentage of Medicare, setting a path toward national median hospital prices by 2030, limiting certain reimbursements for QHP and VHI plans, requiring a report on hospital outsourcing and provider tax impacts, and creating a public health system performance tool if funding is available. The speaker also noted that the bill would not affect critical access hospitals or Vermont’s Medicare-dependent hospital in the reimbursement cap provisions, and that critical access hospitals were already working with the Green Mountain Care Board on solutions to Medicare outpatient cost-sharing concerns.
HI
Transcript Highlights:
- or we get on board with something that's already in motion that I feel might be a better use or efficiency
- or we get on board with something that's already in motion that I feel might be a better use or efficiency
- or we get on board with something that's already in motion that I feel might be a better use or efficiency
- or we get on board with something that's already in motion that I feel might be a better use or efficiency
- General with comments. ... something that's already in motion that I feel might be a better use or efficiency
Keywords:
conservation, endangered species, wildlife preservation, native birds, biodiversity, sanctuary, nonprofit, DLNR, agricultural district, land use, chapter 195D, chapter 205, chapter 42F, state funding, public purpose, habitat restoration, predator-free sanctuary, ecosystem restoration, Zealandia, wildlife refuge
Summary:
The Committee on Water and Land heard testimony on SB 5253 SD2 relating to conservation and SB 2401 relating to regional shoreline mitigation district, with the chair emphasizing short testimony limits and the need to finish before session. On SB 5253, DLNR said it stood on its written testimony and answered questions about the bill’s proposed nonprofit endangered species sanctuary. Members asked whether existing entities or agreements, such as land trusts, private landowners, and DLNR safe harbor agreements, could accomplish similar conservation goals without creating a new entity. DLNR said similar work already exists, but it was not aware of a comparable sanctuary model in the state. A member also questioned language suggesting for-profit businesses in the sanctuary, and DLNR said the intent appeared to be sales of outreach or similar materials, though it agreed that such activities could be handled by a nonprofit.
The bulk of the hearing focused on SB 2401, which would create a regional shoreline adaptation/mitigation framework. The Department of the Attorney General said it had concerns about inconsistent use of the terms “mitigation” and “adaptation,” warning of possible title-subject issues. DLNR said it was neutral on the terminology and more concerned with the substance, and noted that the bill would not waive permits; any plan would still require environmental review and applicable state and county permits. DLNR also supported OHA’s recommendation to consider impacts on Native Hawaiian traditional and customary practices during regional planning, and said the bill’s language on temporary shoreline protection measures could help address the gap between emergency permits and longer-term planning while avoiding a hardening-only approach.
The Office of Planning supported the regional planning concept but noted it is not a regulatory agency and would need to work with DLNR and the Land Board. OHA supported the bill’s planning-based approach but recommended amendments to require assessment of impacts on Native Hawaiian traditional and customary practices during plan development and to clarify that environmental review would still apply at the project level. Testifiers from the Ka‘anapali Steering Committee strongly supported the bill, saying it would provide a regional framework for ongoing erosion problems while preserving full regulatory authority and normal permitting, and they proposed amendments to standardize terminology, create a limited pathway for temporary shoreline protection, and address ownership and maintenance responsibilities. Members discussed the meaning of “mitigation” versus “adaptation,” the scope of shoreline hardening, and whether the bill would help the legislature take a broader, more holistic view of shoreline decisions. No votes or final actions were taken in the portion of the hearing provided.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Commerce Finance and Policy Committee 3/4/26
Commerce Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- Retailers are constantly seeking operational efficiencies to mitigate these growing costs.
- It is simply a more efficient, environmentally friendly, and accurate method for displaying prices.
- <00:33:35.040>
to seeking operational efficiencies to seeking operational efficiencies to - :33:45.000>
and efficient, environmentally friendly, and efficient, environmentally friendly, - But affordability is driven by competition, efficiency, and the ability to adapt.
Keywords:
surveillance, price discrimination, wage discrimination, automated decision systems, consumer protections, data privacy, biometrics, consumer protection, price setting, biometric data, retail, privacy, 1183, house
Summary:
The committee first approved the minutes from March 3, 2026, and then received a presentation from the Minnesota Office of the Attorney General on the Minnesota Consumer Data Privacy Act. Assistant Attorney General Caitlin Miko and Deputy Attorney General Jessica Whitney reviewed the law’s scope, consumer rights, business obligations, and enforcement history. They said the law took effect July 31, 2025, gives Minnesotans rights to access, delete, and opt out of sale, profiling, and targeted advertising, and is enforced by the Attorney General with penalties up to $7,500 per violation. They reported more than 200 complaints in the first six months, many warning letters, and a shift from education to active enforcement now that the initial warning-letter period has expired.
Committee members asked about how the universal opt-out works, what happens when companies deny deletion or editing requests, how the office determines willful noncompliance, and whether the law could burden small businesses. The AG’s office said the opt-out can be set through privacy-protective browsers or extensions, companies must respond to consumer requests within 45 days, small businesses are exempt as defined by the SBA, and investigations look for patterns and evidence of willful conduct rather than minor technical violations. The office also said it needs additional funding to fully staff enforcement efforts and noted that it has already issued subpoenas and civil investigative demands.
The committee then took up House File 3408, the Stop Grocery Surveillance Price Gouging Act. The author explained that the bill would prohibit retail grocers, physical and online, from setting individualized prices based on consumer information, would limit certain uses of facial recognition and electronic shelf labels, and would preserve narrow exceptions for discounts and loyalty programs. Public testimony followed from the Minnesota Farmers Union in support, arguing that grocery consolidation and surveillance pricing could worsen already high food costs and harm fair competition. The Minnesota Grocers Association opposed the premise that grocery stores use surveillance pricing, said shelf prices are generally uniform and set from a single storewide database, and argued electronic shelf labels are efficient and not nefarious. A technology company representative similarly said ESLs do not use personal data or facial recognition, prices are uniform, and a 2025 study found no meaningful price increases after ESL adoption. The bill was laid over for possible further discussion after the testimony.
MD
Transcript Highlights:
- As a member of the Maryland Efficient Grant Application Council, there are no amendments.
- As a member of the Maryland Efficient Grant Application Council, there are no amendments.
- Again, we're consolidating some of these elements to make it more efficient substantively.
- The bill establishes a green and renewable energy efficiency for nonprofit loan program in the Maryland
- <00:58:49.680>
for and renewable energy efficiency for and renewable energy efficiency for
Summary:
The Senate convened with an invocation, journalized the prayer, and recognized Read Across America Day with a special resolution congratulating the Maryland State Education Association on the program’s 28th anniversary. Senators also welcomed several guests and student groups, including Eleanor Roosevelt High School students, Maryland Federation of Republican Women members for Red Scarf Day, medical shadows from Johns Hopkins, a student page prospect, and a group from Matthew Henson Elementary School.
The chamber then took up multiple Finance Committee consent calendars and individual local alcohol-related bills, all of which were reported favorably, adopted without objection, and ordered printed for third reading. Measures included changes to alcohol license fee refunds for uniformed service members, Anne Arundel County license classifications and compensation for liquor board officials, a Baltimore City racetrack license extension, a Cecil County license quota change, and new or expanded licenses for golf courses, sports venues, and barber shop/beauty salon establishments. The Senate also advanced bills on social work licensing, a rural readiness economic development program, a Maryland-Ireland Trade Commission extension, peer-to-peer car sharing insurance rules, telematics-based auto insurance disclosures and appeals, and veteran status notation on public profiles.
Several bills were amended before being advanced, generally with technical or clarifying changes and no recorded opposition. Senate Bill 18 would create a provisional social work license; Senate Bill 351 would regulate insurer use of vehicle telematics data; Senate Bill 395 would revise insurance and liability rules for peer-to-peer car sharing; and Senate Bill 197 would alter comprehensive plan elements in land use law. Senate Bill 439, protecting fire and rescue public safety employees from adverse action based on medical cannabis certification, also moved forward without amendment.
One measure, Senate Bill 69, which would make permanent the nonprofit navigator position in the Department of Commerce, was discussed at length after a member raised concerns about oversight of nonprofit grant funding. On request, the bill was special ordered to the next day for further consideration. All other bills discussed in the transcript were advanced to third reading by unanimous or near-unanimous voice action, with no recorded roll-call votes.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Cmte on Rules - Subcommittee on the Federal Impact on Minnesotans and Economic Stability - 11/24/25
Transcript Highlights:
- Energy use has been falling because of increases in energy efficiency for a long time.
- You have my pledge of cooperation and anything we could do to be a little bit more efficient.
- <01:08:56.239>
I'm <01:08:56.560>setting <01:08:56.799>aside bit more efficient - I'm setting aside bit more efficient.
- Economy, ACLE E which Energy Efficiency Economy, ACLE E which is<01:32:15.360>
one <01:32:15.520
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- And as our association is focused on, it's about efficient. deployment and broadband at the best cost
- , will foster re-stimulation processes. improvement, investment in oil and gas services, and the efficient
- When local governments are stripped of the ability to finance these investments efficiently it slows
- This is not a new tax, it simply ensures existing taxes are collected more efficiently and more fairly
- The answer is really, you want it done quickly, efficiently, would you support the city?
Bills:
HB19, HB30, HB851, HB1663, HB1681, HB1769, HB1937, HB1979, HB2428, HB2433, HB2825, HB3159, HB3424, HB3486, HB3487, HB3504, HB3605, HB3879, HB3994, HB4382, HB4752, HB5444, HB5446, HB5447, HB3199, HB4847, HB19
Keywords:
local government debt, property tax, ad valorem tax, bond election, certificate of obligation, anticipation note, school district tax rate, voter-approval rate, debt service cap, municipal finance, county bonds, flood control district, hospital district, public works, tax transparency, property tax notice, November uniform election date, general obligation bonds, local debt reform, taxpayer notice
MN
Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session
Committee on Health and Human Services - 04/09/25
Health and Human Services
Transcript Highlights:
- I commend you for identifying efficiencies in your proposed budget bill that address the projected budget
- make its way through the legislative process, we hope to continue discussions about leveraging efficiencies
- make its way through the legislative process, we hope to continue discussions about leveraging efficiencies
- extend our contract with EBT providers to avoid a constant churn in contracting will support more efficient
- It also delivers care more efficiently, keeping people with mild to moderate mental health and substance
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- Today, the Joint Powers continues to efficiently provide treated water to the communities but is challenged
- 00:18:49.480>
to today the joint Powers continues to today the joint Powers continues to efficiently - provide treated water to the efficiently provide treated water to the communities<00:18:52.400>
but - it's a $3 million project efficiently it's a $3 million project total<01:08:02.760>
we're <01: - treating Wastewater to meet efficiently treating Wastewater to meet all<01:20:42.840>
mpca <01
Bills:
HF343, HF446, HF448, HF674, HF811, HF832, HF1661, HF1528, HF1536, HF1541, HF1670, HF1438, HF1714, HF1748, HF1835, HF1904, HF1929, HF1942
Keywords:
HF343, Chisago County, Shorewood Park Sanitary Sewer District, Rush Lake, sewer extension, wastewater infrastructure, sanitary sewer, treatment pond, sewage treatment, capital investment, bonding bill, state bonds, Public Facilities Authority, local infrastructure, municipal utilities, water quality, sanitation, bond proceeds fund, Minnesota bonding, HF446
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Assembly Local Government Committee Jun 3rd, 2026
Local Government
Transcript Highlights:
- make sure everyone understands that the Assembly has rules to ensure we maintain order and run an efficient
- , for the opportunity to present SB 1005, the Public Entities Navigating the Need for Immediate, Efficient
Summary:
The Assembly Local Government Committee met with an author present and began hearing bills before a quorum was established, emphasizing rules for orderly testimony and public comment. The committee first heard SB 1005, which would authorize local governments to adopt rounding to the nearest five cents for cash transactions if pennies are unavailable, in response to a federal penny phase-out. The author and supporters from county treasurers, cities, special districts, counties, and the League of California Cities argued the bill would provide legal clarity and reduce costs; there was no opposition.
The committee then heard SB 1036, which would require local jurisdictions to credit prior site uses under the Mitigation Fee Act when redevelopment or adaptive reuse projects occur on sites with similar previous uses. The author and supporters from Spur, the California Association of Realtors, AARP, the California Building Industry Association, and others said the bill would prevent duplicative fees and better align charges with new project impacts; no opposition was presented.
The committee also took up a consent calendar including SB 935, SB 1080, SB 1126, SB 1440, SB 1441, SB 1442, and SJR 11, all of which were approved. SB 1005 and SB 1036 were each moved out of committee, and the consent items were also approved, with the roll repeatedly left open for additional members to add on. The hearing concluded after the measures were reported out with unanimous or near-unanimous support as recorded during the add-on votes.
TX
Texas 89th Regular
Sunset Advisory Commission Jan 15th, 2025
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- This new and more efficient building will help us continue to serve as a major lending library to our
- This new and more efficient System.
- This new and more efficient building<00:50:13.480>
will <00:50:13.600>help <00:50:13.880 - to construct a new cost-efficient to construct a new station.<01:09:40.600>
Uh, station. - . efficiency. efficiency.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Workforce, Labor, and Economic Development Finance and Policy Committee 3/17/26
Workforce, Labor, and Economic Development Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- in other technologies, people can remember certainly when computing came to fruition, that the efficiency
- centers uh to do it energy efficiently centers uh to do it energy efficiently and<00:25:43.760><
- <00:26:48.880>
of came to fruition that the efficiency of came to fruition that the efficiency - <00:27:08.400>
but <00:27:08.640>also improve uh energy efficiency but also improve - uh energy efficiency but also the<00:27:09.120>
algorithms <00:27:09.679>themselves <00
Keywords:
HF1316, child support, new hire reporting, centralized work reporting system, independent contractors, payors, employers, payor of funds, withholding orders, income withholding, child support enforcement, Minnesota Department of Children, Youth, and Families, gig economy, rideshare drivers, delivery drivers, 1099, W-9, W-4, newly hired workers, rehired employees
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Human Services Finance and Policy Committee 3/4/26
Human Services Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- effective and efficient response. effective and efficient response.
- But so we are finding ways to be as efficient as possible.
- Uh Dakota County efficient as possible.
- We can’t have the efficiencies that we have when we have a private sector competitively bidding.
- We can’t have the efficiencies that we have when we have a private sector competitively bidding.
Keywords:
pediatric care, hospital discharge, home care, healthcare accessibility, nursing services, family support, mental health, crisis services, Dakota County, mobile crisis response, public safety, treatment services, rehabilitation, behavioral health fund, client eligibility, home and community-based services, case management, waiver services, county services, disability advocacy