Transcript Highlights:

• And as we heard, over 17% unemployment and a 21% poverty rate, every job opportunity and every economic
• And Mr.
• And I thank you for your support and understanding that it's super important.
• These vast forests are basically the lungs of our state, soaking up carbon and helping keep our air clean
• Seeing and hearing none, I thank the author for bringing this, and you may close.

Summary: The Assembly Natural Resources Committee heard two items: AB 1016 by Assemblymember Jeff Gonzalez and AJR 10 by Assemblymember Rogers. AB 1016 would expand the local permitting pilot for geothermal power plants in Imperial County, increasing the eligible generating capacity and extending the program through 2030. Gonzalez said he accepted committee amendments and emphasized the bill’s potential to create jobs, generate school and local tax revenue, and support California’s clean energy and baseload power goals. Imperial County officials and supporters from the State Building Trades and Independent Energy Producers Association testified in strong support, citing the county’s long geothermal permitting history, high unemployment, and major economic benefits from proposed projects. No opposition was presented. Committee members asked a few questions, including about the bill’s capacity range and ongoing coordination with labor. Gonzalez said he was continuing to work with the building trades on amendments, and the trades indicated they were now in support. The committee then took a roll call and passed AB 1016 on a due pass as amended motion to Appropriations, with the roll held open for absent members and later additional aye votes recorded. AJR 10 called on the federal government to oppose Forest Service staffing cuts and highlight the importance of national forests for water, wildlife, wildfire prevention, recreation, and rural economies. Rogers argued that reduced staffing would worsen wildfire risk and harm rural communities, and the committee heard no opposition. The resolution was adopted on a roll call vote, with the roll also held open and later additional aye votes added. The hearing concluded after both measures received enough votes to move forward.

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> and um ask nicely and see what happens. and um ask nicely and see what happens.
• And and so the way the some things.
• </c><01:39:44.719><c> and</c> instructional aids and teachers and instructional aids and teachers and
• So a lot of the higher priority—and my good friend from Carbon County was a part of the committee as
• good friend friend from priority and my good friend friend from Carbon<01:42:31.679><c> County</c><01

Transcript Highlights:

• amount that's in soil, recognizing that a certain amount of it is bound to carbon and whatnot?
• amount that's in soil, recognizing that a certain amount of it is bound to carbon and whatnot?
• amount that's in soil, recognizing that a certain amount of it is bound to carbon and whatnot?
• And very thorough, but large solid waste facilities affect more than what's captured in that existing
• And very thorough, but large solid waste facilities affect more than what's captured in that existing

Committee: House Environment and Agriculture

Transcript Highlights:

• </c><00:04:33.040><c> and</c><00:04:33.280><c> we'll</c> and are ready to deploy today. and we'll and
• ><00:14:52.959><c> broader</c> tracking here and and this is a broader tracking here and and this is
• </c><00:25:48.400><c> and</c> we can basically extract out and and we can basically extract out and and
• </c> and and get back to you. and and get back to you.
• </c> fund and tax and taxpayers. fund and tax and taxpayers. &gt;&gt; Correct. &gt;&gt; Correct.

Bills: HF4059 , HF76

Committee: House Energy Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:

• And it reduces our carbon footprint. It's a quadruple win.
• And it reduces our carbon footprint. It's a quadruple win.
• And it reduces our carbon costs.
• And it reduces our carbon footprint.<00:47:48.160><c> It's</c><00:47:48.319><c> a</c><00:47:48.560><c
• </c><01:23:01.679><c> and</c> for presenting all of that and and for presenting all of that and and having

Committee: Senate Capital Investment

Transcript Highlights:

• and Rebecca sha and both Melissa Madison and Rebecca sha and I<00:21:01.640><c> will</c><00:21:01.760
• /c> already is a speed and many and and so already is a speed and many and and so we're<00:38:57.200>
• ><00:53:27.720><c> that's</c> at their own speed and and so that's at their own speed and and so that's
• and and uh uh find a home for step and and and uh uh find a home for those<01:00:15.839><c> dollars<
• </c><01:10:43.960><c> and</c> that well I would uh encourage and and that well I would uh encourage and

Bills: HF2382 , HF639 , SF1075 , HF1243 , HF1087 , SF1360 , HF739 , HF2337 , HF1220 , HF712 , HF1219

Committee: House Transportation Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:

• open space and habitat restoration and tribal and public access.
• fishing and land use program within the department and moving that... ...the hunting and fishing and
• And thank you for working on it and identifying it.
• And I'll tell you why. And I'll tell you why.
• and transit and SAFER and AB 617.

Transcript Highlights:

• And Mr. Carbone, did the U.A. ask for this appropriation?
• Carbone, it's my understanding that there has already been an exploration nationwide of thorium, and
• getting us information on what works and programs and programs and programs.
• getting us information on what works and programs and programs and programs.
• getting us information on what works and programs and programs and programs.

Bills: HB2056 , HB2202 , HB2207 , HB2224 , HB2303 , HB2344 , HB2532 , HB2759 , HB2798

Committees: House Appropriations , House House Appropriations Committee of Reference

Keywords: brackish water, groundwater, desalination, water resources, feasibility study, environmental impact, dementia care, telementoring, healthcare education, rural communities, grant funding, braille, disability access, education funding, state corrections, inclusion, produce incentive, agriculture, economic support, funding

Transcript Highlights:

• patients, providers, and stakeholders, and must submit a report to the governor and legislature of its
• patients, providers, and stakeholders, and must submit a report to the governor and legislature of its
• and emergency, we kind of need to find out where we're at and why we're backlogged and where we can
• and over, so it's best practices and it creates a record.
• it sits there forever and ever and ever.

Summary: The meeting covered a long series of House bills across health, commerce, education, elections, government, and veterans issues, with many measures described as consent-calendar items. In health and human services, members discussed updates to radiology technology standards, a tribal Medicaid waiver bill, an emergency medicine study committee, fetal death certificate and remains-transfer requirements, a physician assistant licensure compact, dementia care telemonitoring funding, and SNAP error-rate reduction and eligibility oversight. Sponsors generally framed these bills as technical updates, workforce or access improvements, cost savings, or support for families and vulnerable populations, while some bills drew brief questions about implementation or opposition. In commerce and finance, the committee heard bills on mobile food vendor licensing, earned wage access services, CPA certification, cash acceptance by retail businesses, unmanned aircraft regulation, timeshare salesperson licensing, social credit score restrictions for lending, and a ban on state assistance to the International Criminal Court. Sponsors emphasized reduced regulation, consumer protections, transparency, and state sovereignty. The committee also considered tax and retirement-related measures, including conformity with the Internal Revenue Code, ASRS technical changes, and a 529 plan update that also addressed Roth IRA rollovers. Education and school governance bills focused heavily on school district oversight and transparency. Members discussed patriotic youth group presentations in schools, school board term limits and mandatory training, bond-advisor requirements, restrictions on school districts buying operating charter or private schools to affect funding formulas, conflicts of interest on the School Facilities Oversight Board, public meeting and travel disclosure rules, limits on long-term school property leases, job-order contracting caps, and a computer science proficiency seal. Sponsors repeatedly argued these bills would improve accountability, prevent misuse of public funds, and increase public access to school board decisions. The meeting also included elections, veterans, government, and other administrative measures. These included changes to sample-ballot mailing deadlines, a requirement that courts ask about veteran status at first appearance, a veterans awareness study, broader military leave protections, SAVE database verification for voter registration and licensing, U.S.-sourced election equipment requirements, Electoral College affirmation, justice court due-process protections, library trustee reporting deadlines, adult protective services reporting cleanup, and procurement transparency. No final floor votes were taken in the excerpt, and most items were presented for questions or moved through consent with brief sponsor explanations and occasional opposition noted in committee testimony.

Transcript Highlights:

• Happy Tuesday, and you are in the Labor and Commerce Committee.
• And here we are today, and he is helping me. And I thank him.
• and lovingly, and we were great friends.
• And so, when I hear about the 72nd and Pacific store closing because of crime and shoplifting and all
• Why don't we stay on this bill and just, and then we'll go back and catch up at the end.

Summary: The Labor and Commerce Committee heard public testimony on several bills. Senate Bill 618, the Eric Schrauss Memorial Act, would remove the current time-and-exposure qualifiers for the workers’ compensation presumption that certain heart problems in firefighters and law enforcement officers are occupational diseases. The sponsor and family members of fallen firefighters testified in support, describing delayed claims and arguing the bill would spare grieving families from lengthy appeals. Opponents including counties, self-insurers, cities, and L&I’s research staff said the current qualifiers are based on science, warned the change would greatly expand claims and costs, and noted a 2023 advisory committee did not recommend the change. No vote was taken. The committee also heard Senate Bill 5379, which would extend interest arbitration rights to Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission law enforcement rangers. The sponsor and a park ranger testified that rangers are commissioned peace officers who cannot strike and are paid less than comparable law enforcement, leading to staffing shortages and turnover. The bill was presented as a fairness and retention measure. Testimony on Senate Bill 6147, concerning grocery store closures in food deserts, was split: supporters from Tacoma, labor, and local government said a six-month notice requirement would help communities respond to closures like the Fred Meyer shutdown in South Tacoma, while grocers and industry groups argued the bill was too prescriptive, would add legal risk, and would not solve underlying crime and business pressures. Senate Bill 6106, requested by the Employment Security Department, would exempt tribes from the state WARN-style notice law and make employee names and addresses submitted in layoff notices confidential under the Public Records Act. ESD and business groups supported the bill as a clarification and privacy fix, and no opposition was heard. The committee then took testimony on Senate Bill 5927, which would cap future workers’ compensation COLAs at 3%; employers and self-insurers supported it as a way to address volatility and long-term liabilities, while labor, injured-worker advocates, and others opposed it as an across-the-board benefit cut that would erode wage replacement. L&I explained it has been studying possible COLA changes but did not bring forward its own proposal. Finally, Senate Bill 6287 on kratom would restrict adulterated or harmful kratom products, require labeling, set a 21+ sales age, and allow local regulation; supporters backed the age limit and bans on concentrated 7-OH, while some industry witnesses opposed the private right of action and local patchwork rules. The committee adjourned after public testimony; no final votes or executive action were taken in the transcript.

Transcript Highlights:

• They make insulation and soundboard, and so it's close to the rail line and close to U.S. 12.
• And before we get into that, I wanted to share and highlight our expenditure plan and the various funding
• and rolling.
• copying, and compile and link data, store information in a secure database, and perform statistical
• and prevent.

Summary: The Senate Transportation Committee met for work sessions, public hearings, and executive action. In the work session, WSDOT briefed the committee on the U.S. 12 corridor near Walla Walla and the North Spokane Corridor. Brian White said U.S. 12 is an eight-phase project with seven phases complete, and phase eight would finish the corridor, improve freight mobility and safety, and include a jurisdictional transfer of the old highway back to Walla Walla County. He said the project remains short of full funding, including a gap between the $350 million corridor cost and the $110 million federal Rural Surface Transportation grant, but WSDOT hopes to build smaller independent-utility pieces and begin construction in summer 2027. Charlene K. then reported that the North Spokane Corridor is seven of eight highway miles open, with major remaining work on the I-90 connection and related interchanges, bridges, and trail segments. She described the project as on track for design completion in 2027 and construction completion around 2030, while noting risks tied to federal approval, tight construction space, labor and contractor availability, utilities, and community impacts. The committee also heard from Karen Messmer of the Cooper Jones Active Transportation Safety Council, who summarized the council’s 2025 report and 2026 priorities. She emphasized that pedestrian and bicyclist fatalities remain unacceptably high and urged a safe-system approach focused on safer speeds, roads, road users, vehicles, land use, and post-crash care. She highlighted recommendations including safety-based performance measures, better speed management, more local safety planning support, improved driver education, attention to micromobility and large vehicles, and faster toxicology and crash-data processing. In public hearings, the committee heard Senate Bill 6131, which would expand the Washington Traffic Safety Commission’s fatal crash review authority, designate it as a public health authority for limited access to health information, and create a confidential fatality review committee. The sponsor and Traffic Safety Commission said the bill would help identify common contributing factors in all fatal crashes while protecting confidential information; a media representative testified that the bill preserves public access to records already open and supports the goal of improving safety. The committee also heard Senate Bill 6155, which would extend disability parking placard renewal from every five years to every 20 years and remove the need for a health care practitioner’s signature at renewal; supporters said this would reduce burdens on permanently disabled people, while opponents warned it could increase fraud and misuse of placards. Finally, the committee heard Senate Bill 6238, which would raise the minimum tug escort horsepower for oil tankers in restricted waters to 3,000 horsepower or 5% of tanker deadweight, whichever is greater; the sponsor and Board of Pilotage said the change would align statute with current practice and newly adopted rules. Testimony was mixed, and the hearing closed with two people signed in pro and two con. In executive session, the committee advanced several bills. It passed Senate Bill 5746 on EV charging infrastructure property crime, Senate Bill 5824 on fifth wheel travel trailer length, Senate Bill 6110 on e-bikes and e-motos, Senate Bill 5839 on county ferry district passenger-only service, and Senate Bill 6148 on regional transit authority bond terms, all with due pass recommendations to the Rules Committee. An amendment to SB 6110 adding several state agency leaders to the e-moto work group was rejected. The committee adjourned after signing committee reports.

Transcript Highlights:

• We have separate hearings on August 4 and 6 just for the residential and commercial energy codes, and
• And in that, the embodied carbon amendment, which was another pathway from the legislative mandate, was
• , and then 35.13, all other cities and towns.
• And that is intended and appropriately provided by cities and not our friends in the counties.
• And your thoughtfulness and this discussion, and clearly we have a lot of challenges ahead.

Committee: House Local Government

Transcript Highlights:

• , and then decided and sent out.
• And I don't know that answer, and I'm just...
• Actually, I was just going to say carbon copy what you just said, and the parts I agree on I like the
• Actually, I was just going to say carbon copy what you just said, and the parts I agree on I like the
• and all.

Bills: SB1010 , SB1024 , SB1205 , SB1232 , SB1366 , SB1552 , SB1624 , SCM1002 , SCM1006 , SCR1004

Committee: House Transportation & Infrastructure

Keywords: Charlie Kirk, Loop 202, Arizona highways, transportation, renaming, roadable aircraft, registration, vehicle title, license plates, aviation safety, motor vehicle booting, private property, fees, dispute process, regulations, outdoor advertising, military compatibility, zoning, electronic signage, permitting

Transcript Highlights:

• And they came back and awarded a grant for $110 million, which is... ...they came back and awarded a
• copying, and compile and link data, store information in a secure database, and perform statistical
• copying, and compile and link data, store information in a secure database, and perform statistical
• normal channels and releases and all that.
• and prevent.

Bills: SB6131 , SB6155 , SB6238 , SB5824 , SB6110 , SB5839 , SB6032 , SB6148

Committee: Senate Transportation

Keywords: traffic safety, roadway fatalities, Washington traffic safety commission, policy update, road safety, accident prevention, disability, parking privileges, accessibility, special parking, local government, oil tankers, restricted waters, environmental safety, maritime regulations, state law, fifth-wheel, travel trailers, vehicle regulation, transportation

Transcript Highlights:

• And if anybody's ever dealt with design and construction and bidding, most projects don't move along
• And if anybody's ever dealt with design and construction and bidding, most projects don't move along
• And that was partly intentional because as we migrate through session and we get, ...and over.
• and parish, and I'm like, why did that even go in there?
• If we missed the email and the carbon copy, that's fine.

Summary: The committee met informally to receive a detailed briefing from the Division of Administration’s Facility Planning and Control on House Bill 2, the state capital outlay bill. Staff explained the bill’s size and structure, including the current original bill of about $11.1 billion, the role of Priority 1 and Priority 5 funding, the $574 million annual cash line-of-credit capacity, and the large amount of reauthorized or dormant Priority 1 funding that remains in the bill from prior years. Members focused heavily on how projects are selected, how cash-flow estimates are made, and how much of the bill is tied up in long-term Priority 5 placeholders versus money that can actually be spent in the near term. No votes were taken, and the chair emphasized the meeting was informational only. The committee also heard from Higher Education Commissioner Kim Hunter-Reed, who outlined the higher education capital outlay process, the number of requests submitted, and the deferred maintenance program supported by prior legislative funding. A major theme was concern about dormant projects and over-appropriation of Priority 1 funds. Committee members repeatedly asked how much money is sitting unused, why projects remain in the bill for years, and whether legislators can help remove obsolete or overfunded projects. FPC officials said dormant projects are identified when they have had no expenditures for roughly two years, and that last year some projects were not reauthorized, freeing funds for active projects. They said legislators can help by reducing or eliminating dormant projects and by being cautious about adding new projects during session, since small initial cash amounts can create large future Priority 5 obligations. Members also discussed whether non-state entities, including municipalities, parishes, ports, and nonprofits, should have stronger reporting or expenditure requirements; staff said the current statutes do not require a formal expenditure mandate, though the cooperative agreements allow the state to take back funds if no contract is entered within the required period. Higher education officials said the systems and campuses work year-round with the Board of Regents and FPC to prioritize projects and determine realistic cash needs. Commissioner Hunter-Reed said higher education accounts for a large share of state buildings, that 154 requests were received and 79 were submitted, and that 38 projects have new FY27 funding in the current draft. She also noted that the legislature has provided $100 million over two years for deferred maintenance against a backlog exceeding $2 billion, and that $10 million of that has been set aside for third-party campus reviews of deferred maintenance, space utilization, and preventive maintenance. Overall, the meeting centered on improving capital outlay efficiency, reducing dormant funding, and aligning project requests more closely with what can actually be spent in a year.

Transcript Highlights:

• bills and resolutions, conference committee reports, and joint committee.
• The tasks before us often require more time, energy, and capacity and even exceed personal ability, and
• and taxation.
• And so the whole premise and that ad hominem attack is lacking and found wanting.
• Thompson and Todd Osborne, March 4th and got married, and today is our anniversary.

Bills: HB4358 , HB2398 , HB3557 , HB3129 , HB3312 , HB2210 , HB1937 , HB3021 , HB4246 , HB4230 , HB3617 , HB3657 , HB2976 , HB3391 , HB4459 , HB4128 , HB3989 , HB2989 , HB4060 , HB3145 , HB2992 , HB3464 , HB3552 , HB2984 , HB4124 , HB3934 , HB3448 , HB3131 , HB4200 , HB4201 , HB3011 , HB1912 , HB3380 , HB3881 , HB3538 , HB3851 , HB3907 , HB4430 , HB4431 , HB4457 , HB2947 , HB2951 , HB2980 , HB3082 , HB3519 , HB3644 , HB3882 , HB3661 , HB3996 , HB4335

Keywords: screen time, education, public schools, child development, digital learning, youth health, academic performance, credential of value, workforce development, labor market, government reporting, Oklahoma Agricultural Extension, local funding, financial institutions, county extension services, state funds, free expression, colleges, security fees, public forums

Transcript Highlights:

• Senator Kirt and Senator Goodwin. Senatore here. Senator Pugugh and Senator Yiffeed.
• and guidance.
• sin and set us free.
• Go and bless these men and women who have been sent to this place and direct us to the center of your
• He and his wife Kay have four children and seven grandchildren.

Bills: SB1265 , SB1198 , SB2046 , SB1415 , SB1714 , SB1962 , SB26 , SB172 , SB260 , SB264 , SB1525 , SB1332 , SB1998 , SB1378 , SB1771 , SB1919 , SB2018 , SB1936 , SB1612 , SB1543 , SB1260 , SB1988 , SB1859 , SB2041 , SB1257 , SB1726 , SB1236 , SB1633 , SB1413 , SB1317 , SB1360 , SB1342 , SB1477 , SB1189 , SB1546 , SB1524 , SB1338 , SB1193 , SB1812 , SB1617 , SB1638 , SB504 , SB2072 , SB1283 , SB1216 , SB1655 , SB2011 , SB1643 , SB1446 , SB1256 , SB1258 , SB1441 , SB1224 , SB1448 , SB1496 , SB1597 , SB1621 , SB1827 , SB2066 , SB2104

Keywords: municipal ordinances, local government, ordinance publication, posting requirement, public notice, municipal law, city ordinances, town ordinances, county government, newspaper publication, effective date, Oklahoma statutes, 11 O.S. 14-106, ordinance notice, government oversight, healthcare authority, property lien, county treasury, Oklahoma, municipalities

Transcript Highlights:

• and work in rural and inland communities.
• And the theft... ...hurting the whole system and the theft is real and it's massive.
• So I mean, the state of California has a cap-and-invest program that does carbon pricing.
• other things, risk mitigation costs, and then costs that we're not capturing in the market.
• And they should be accountable, and it shouldn't just be on taxpayers and policyholders and people whose

Summary: The committee heard several bills and took action on a number of them. SB 1234 by Senator Alvarado-Gil would require fentanyl to be included in drug tests ordered by juvenile courts for parents or guardians in dependency cases; there was no opposition, a committee member confirmed it would apply to caregivers rather than children, and the bill was supported for moving forward. SB 1257 by Senator Arreguín would require the Attorney General to publish an annual public report on immigration enforcement incidents at designated safe locations such as schools, hospitals, courthouses, and places of worship; supporters from immigrant advocacy and health groups testified about fear and chilling effects in communities, while questions focused on how data would be collected and concerns were raised about sanctuary policies. SB 1176 by Senator Choi would bar foreign adversary entities from buying California agricultural land; supporters cited national security concerns, but committee members pressed on enforcement, straw buyers, and who would be responsible for identifying prohibited purchasers, and the bill was held on a 2-4 vote after debate. The committee also heard SB 1146 by Senator Gonzalez, which would require clear disclosure when AI-generated or altered images, audio, or video are used in health-related advertisements depicting health care providers. The California Medical Association and California Dental Association supported the bill, describing deepfake health ads as deceptive and harmful; it passed the committee 7-0 to Appropriations. SB 988 by Senator Grayson would regulate auto glass insurance practices by restricting assignment of benefits, requiring claim numbers and itemized estimates, and addressing steering and billing practices; supporters said it would curb fraud and stabilize premiums, while independent glass businesses worried about steering and market concentration. After discussion of consumer choice and small-business impacts, the bill passed 7-0 to Appropriations. SB 1288, presented by Senator Grayson on behalf of Senator Laird, would require financial institutions to make a good-faith effort to notify beneficiaries of non-probate assets and would reduce barriers to claiming those assets, especially for nonprofits. Nonprofit witnesses described long delays and burdensome account-opening requirements, while SIFMA and bankers opposed the bill unless amended, citing conflicts with federal and industry obligations and concerns about retroactivity and verification. The bill passed 8-0 to call. The committee also heard SB 941 by Senator Padilla, which would cap commissary markups in private immigration detention facilities at 35% above vendor cost; the Attorney General’s office and immigrant advocates supported it as a response to exploitative pricing and poor conditions, and it passed 8-0 to call. Finally, SB 909 by Senator Smallwood-Cuevas would raise and index public works contractor fees and penalties and dedicate more penalty revenue to enforcement; labor supporters said stronger funding is needed to address wage theft and backlogs, while contractors opposed the fee and penalty structure as uncapped and costly. The bill was moved forward on a vote and remained on call after committee discussion.

Transcript Highlights:

• </c><00:12:15.839><c> Senator</c> 9.5 million and and Mr chair and Senator 9.5 million and and Mr chair
• ><c> like</c><00:21:56.279><c> but</c> and and play with them and the like but and and play with them
• and and things like with electricity and and things like that<00:32:25.159><c> and</c><00:32:25.320><
• </c><00:43:20.000><c> and</c> different ends of the county and and different ends of the county and and
• </c> providing critical habitat and providing critical habitat and sequestering<01:02:42.720><c> carbon

Committee: Senate Environment, Climate, and Legacy

Transcript Highlights:

• This is the Committee on Water and Land, and actually the Committee on Water, Land, and Housing, which
• and surroundings and the development and surroundings and the effects<00:05:03.000><c> of</c><00:05:03.280
• Senator Ihara followed by Senator Dort. the ways and means and if it's noted in the ways and means and
• </c><00:20:37.520><c> I</c> chair and having been a senator and I chair and having been a senator and
• /c><00:27:51.120><c> safety</c><00:27:51.559><c> and</c> and land and the public safety and and land

Summary: The committee first took up SB 534, a measure concerning development in Kakaʻako Makai involving the Hawaii Community Development Authority and the Office of Hawaiian Affairs. The chairs explained that the hearing was decision-making only and no testimony would be accepted, though members could ask clarifying questions. The chair outlined amendments to clarify HCDA’s approval process, require an environmental impact statement before residential development proposals are submitted, require Department of Health documentation on hazardous substances, and specify that only OHA-owned parcels would be eligible for certain residential development with a 400-foot height limit and maximum floor area ratio of 10.0. The amendments also addressed affordability, owner-occupancy, association fees, and a special fund, while noting Attorney General concerns that the fee could be construed as a tax and suggesting further review by Judiciary and Ways and Means. Members discussed the affordability threshold, with one senator suggesting 160% AMI instead of 140% due to high housing costs and concern that essential workers could be priced out. Others raised concerns about Native Hawaiian affordability, the long-term effect of perpetuity restrictions, and whether the process would protect OHA’s interests. An HCDA representative said 140% AMI was used in existing reserve housing rules and that lower thresholds could make development economically infeasible. OHA and other supporters said the proposal was still early in planning and emphasized the need for public hearings, community input, and compliance with environmental and remediation standards. The committees voted to pass SB 534 with amendments: Water and Land approved it 4-1, and Hawaiian Affairs also adopted the chair’s recommendation, with one member excused and one voting no. The meeting then moved to SB 3, relating to water resource management. The bill would authorize the Commission on Water Resource Management to retain independent legal counsel, create an executive director position, allow challenges to emergency orders under certain conditions, establish fines for water use offenses, and revise emergency and shortage declaration procedures; Red Hill-related provisions were noted as removed from this version. Testimony was largely supportive, including from DLNR, the Board of Water Supply, OHA, and Sierra Club, with OHA stressing the measure’s importance to Native Hawaiian water rights and past litigation. A Department of Hawaiian Home Lands representative supported the bill with amendments and recommended explicit language directing the commission chair or designee to advocate for water rights and reservations for homelands. The chair indicated the committees would use the prior Senate-passed version as the basis for further action, and the discussion then moved on to SB 130, a search-and-rescue reimbursement bill.