Transcript Highlights:

• models, and so we're looking to try to make sure all the inputs are correct, all the links in the files
• Excuse me, for the governor's budget, it's usually locked in really late October, very early November
• gaps, and this was sort of summer leading into the development of fiscal 2027 budgets, essentially late
• Most states, in the late-pandemic to early-post-pandemic period, had these large budget surpluses.
• was sort of like summer of, like leading into the development of fiscal 2027 budgets essentially, so late

Summary: The committee held its first meeting, with co-chairs and members introducing themselves and staff outlining the committee’s statutory mandate under the 2025-27 supplemental operating budget. Staff explained that the Joint Legislative-Executive Committee on Budget Transparency and Fiscal Sustainability will receive technical assistance from a nonpartisan organization, with work split into two phases: first on revenue growth, spending assumptions, and cost drivers in the four-year outlook, and later on staffing, overhead, performance management, and public reporting. Members broadly said they hoped the committee would build a shared factual understanding of the state’s fiscal situation, structural deficits, and budget processes, and identify a sustainable path forward for the operating budget. Staff then gave a detailed presentation on operating budget basics. They reviewed the size and composition of the operating budget, noting that most spending is concentrated in grants/client services and salaries/benefits, with K-12, DSHS, HCA, DCYF, DOC, and higher education making up most NGFO spending. They explained the distinction between constitutional, federal, statutory, and discretionary spending, using examples such as K-12, Medicaid, collective bargaining agreements, court-driven obligations like McCleary and Trueblood, and one-time appropriations. They also walked through how the state uses incremental budgeting, carry-forward and maintenance-level calculations, caseload and per-capita forecasting, and the four-year balanced budget outlook, including reserve calculations and the budget stabilization account. Members asked extensive questions about what is and is not included in the outlook, especially future collective bargaining agreements, health care and compensation growth, tort and other liabilities, and whether the state could better distinguish mandatory from discretionary spending. Staff explained that current CBAs and other already-enacted obligations are included, but future CBAs are not; some liabilities are reflected as expenditures when appropriated, while broader long-term liabilities are not fully captured in the outlook because they depend on future policy choices. Staff also noted that the legislature and ERFC can adopt assumptions such as reversions and growth factors, and that an outlook accuracy report is produced every five years to compare projected and actual maintenance-level spending. The committee agreed to follow up on some of the more complex liability and assumption questions. After a short break, Josh Goodman of the Pew Charitable Trusts began a presentation on Pew’s role and approach to state fiscal sustainability. He described Pew as a nonpartisan organization with long-standing state fiscal research, emphasizing its 50-state comparative data, interviews with state officials and experts, and focus on long-term sustainability, reserve policies, and recession preparedness. The presentation was ongoing when the transcript ended.

Transcript Highlights:

• That late that afternoon, I wrote a letter, we emailed it.
• The House has filed a bill today.
• I have not filed any map.
• So I don't know if I'm going to file that bill or not.
• Uh, I don't know if I'm gonna file another bill.

Transcript Highlights:

• We will start with House File 1722. I will move House File 1722 to the Ways and Means Committee.
• Next, in relation to the following bill, House File 747, on the same topic—I'm sorry, that is House File
• Chair. renew the motion for you house file 1722 renew the motion for you house file 1722 to<00:09:57.079
• We're going to file on this narrow track. We're going to move forward.
• House File 748, and we'd like to highlight a few elements of the bill.

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• We have House File 1346, so I will move House File 1346 before the committee to be re-referred to the
• agenda we have house file agenda we have house file 1346<00:01:21.920> so<00:01:22.079>
• <00:01:23.680> 1346 1346 so I will move house file 1346 1346 so I will move house file 1346
• support of house file support of house file 1169<00:24:04.520> um<00:24:04.679> I<
• It's House File 1424.

Bills: HF1346, HF1169, HF1276

Keywords: mandatory reporting, training requirements, child maltreatment, abuse detection, local welfare agency, child protection, child welfare, paperwork reduction, social services information system, SSIS, Department of Children, Youth, and Families, foster care, children in placement, county social services, Tribal governments, private child placing agencies, case management, administrative burden, information technology, human services

Transcript Highlights:

• File items 44 through 46 shall be continued, and that brings us to...
• File items 44 through 46 shall be continued, and that brings us to our Assembly third reading file.
• That's file items 47 through 113. We're going to pass and retain on file items 47 through 69.
• We're at file item 71. We're going to pass and retain on 71 through file item 106.
• That brings us to the Senate Third Reading File. That's file items 114 through 120.

Keywords: 988, house, all

Summary: The Assembly convened after a quorum call, heard a prayer and Pledge of Allegiance, and approved the previous day’s journal. Members then handled several procedural motions, including a successful roll-call vote to suspend rules so the Public Safety Committee could set SB 73 for hearing; the motion passed 41-14. The chamber also welcomed several guest groups, including Placer County Sheriff’s Office leaders for its 175th anniversary, John Muir Charter Schools students, youth art contest winners from the 24th District, Oak Ridge High School’s national champion cheer team, and Casa Grande High School seniors visiting for civic education. On the floor, the Assembly adopted ACR 176 by Assemblymember Elhawary, recognizing April as Second Chance Month. Supporters emphasized rehabilitation, reentry barriers, and the importance of trauma-informed services, housing, education, and employment for formerly incarcerated people; the resolution received 55 coauthors and was adopted by voice vote. The Assembly also adopted HR 109 by Assemblymember Schiavo, honoring California’s janitorial and cleaning workforce, with members speaking about the essential, often unseen work of janitors and state building staff; it received 58 coauthors and passed by voice vote. Members then adopted ACR 119 by Assemblymember Ta, marking the 51st anniversary of Black April and honoring Vietnamese refugees, the fall of Saigon, and the sacrifices of Vietnamese and American service members. Speakers reflected on the trauma of displacement and the contributions of Vietnamese Americans in California; the resolution received 63 coauthors and was adopted by voice vote. The Assembly passed and retained numerous other file items, continued some measures, and adjourned until Monday, May 4 at 1 p.m.

Transcript Highlights:

• <00:01:09.280> some significantly late because of some significantly late because of some
• You can't really file a judgment against them effectively.
• should be an employer who hasn't filed should be an employer who hasn't filed anything<01:09:37.600
• filings from the Department of Revenue. filings from the Department of Revenue.
• <01:30:11.440> 3093 have a bill it's House File 3093 have a bill it's House File 3093 and<

Keywords: 1183, house

Summary: The Workforce, Labor, and Economic Development Finance and Policy Committee met to discuss worker misclassification, beginning with approval of the March 4, 2026 minutes and a note that a late-posted bill would not be heard at this time. Chair Pinto opened the hearing by framing misclassification as timely and invited Lea Takapu of the Attorney General’s office to explain the issue. Takapu described misclassification as labeling workers as independent contractors when they are really employees, which can deprive workers of minimum wage, overtime, unemployment insurance, workers’ compensation, and other protections while also reducing tax revenue. She said the Attorney General’s office and the MEAP partnership have been working on the issue and cited estimates that Minnesota workers lose billions annually and the state loses hundreds of millions to over a billion dollars in revenue, while noting that legitimate independent contracting is not the target. Members questioned how the committee could rely on estimates when the exact number of misclassified workers is unknown. Takapu responded that the figures were based on studies and complaint data, and that underground or undocumented work makes exact counts difficult. Chair Pinto noted the numbers were estimates and referenced a 2024 Legislative Auditor finding that Minnesota lacked an adequate, coordinated approach to proper worker classification, while saying progress had been made since then. Several industry witnesses then testified in support of stronger enforcement. Kevin Pranis of LiUNA said misclassification remains rampant in parts of construction, especially drywall, stucco, thin stone, and broadband installation, and argued it is tax, unemployment insurance, and workers’ compensation fraud that harms law-abiding contractors and taxpayers. Matt Wollers of Braxton and Sons said his company loses bids to competitors that misclassify workers, creating a labor-cost advantage of 30% or more, and asked for meaningful enforcement rather than new legislation, including regular unannounced jobsite visits. Jesse Madison of Purple Tally Productions said misclassification is anti-competition and described examples from live events and entertainment, urging front-end checks on workers’ compensation, unemployment coverage, and W-2 versus 1099 status before work begins. The next testifier, Ben Ballou of the Minnesota Nurses Association, began his remarks as the transcript ended.

Transcript Highlights:

• I believe that there is a set of amendments that I think was received late yesterday evening that I would
• Staff stayed here most of last night to draft your amendments that we received late, so they're getting
• And it would give us the ability to send an electronic notice to the email on file. We have a...
• And it would give us the ability to send an electronic notice to the email on file.

Keywords: 974, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• I believe that there is a set of amendments that I think was received late yesterday evening that I would
• Staff stayed here most of last night to draft your amendments that we received late, so they're getting
• And it would give us the ability to send an electronic notice to the email on file. We have a...
• And it would give us the ability to send an electronic notice to the email on file.

Summary: The Senate Committee on Judiciary B met on May 21 with a quorum present, approved the May 14 minutes, and then took up a long agenda of bills and resolutions. It first reported Senate Resolution 125 favorably, which urged the Navy to expedite funding and implementation of medium-unmanned surface vessels, citing jobs and private investment tied to Conrad Shipyard in Morgan City. The committee then heard House Bill 1253, the Gracie Claire Rushing Act, from Chairwoman Butler and Crystal Romero, who described the painful history of Gracie’s death, exhumation, and discovery that her heart had not been returned after autopsy; the bill was reported favorably without objection. The committee also reported favorably House Bill 89, a local retirement health insurance measure for the Third and 30th Judicial Districts; House Bill 1257, barring elected officials and immediate family members from owning interests in electronic monitoring companies; House Bill 1029, as amended, creating a moratorium on alcohol beverage licenses in House District 3 until 2027; House Bill 1011, making a juror-per-diem donation program for CASA permissive statewide; House Bill 1064, creating a domestic violence intervention court pilot in East Baton Rouge Parish with support from the Criminal Justice Coordinating Council and YWCA; House Bill 816, prohibiting foreign adversaries from buying land near military installations; and House Bill 940, creating a counter-unmanned aircraft system task force to coordinate law enforcement response to drone threats. The committee then heard House Bill 1247, which addresses the shortage of sexual assault nurse examiners by creating a statewide SANE coordinator in the Attorney General’s office and a response standards subcommittee; after adopting a technical amendment set, it was reported favorably with amendments. House Bill 335, expanding public-benefit eligibility verification to entities administering benefits and adding legislative auditor oversight, was also amended after concerns from food banks and disaster-response nonprofits, with members agreeing to work on additional floor amendments to protect essential services during emergencies. House Bill 623, a tobacco-related deadline fix, was voluntarily deferred to allow more time for drafting. The committee also reported favorably HCR 64, extending a report deadline for the Supreme Court drug and specialty court office. Later, the committee reported favorably House Bill 243, changing recusal procedures so cases go first to the Attorney General rather than a private lawyer; House Bill 451, allowing hearing notices to be sent more than 30 days in advance and electronically; House Bill 1251, reducing permit costs for very small in-state distillers; House Bill 1053, allowing salons, barbers, and boutiques to offer limited complimentary wine or champagne without a permit; House Bill 153, barring criminal-justice debt from being reported to credit agencies; House Bill 59, authorizing East Baton Rouge Parish to transfer funds to the public defender’s office; HCR 50, a task force request; HCR 102, continuing the Senior Task Force on Fraud Prevention; and House Bill 1098, part of the aerospace package addressing liability related to sonic booms. The meeting ended with adjournment after a brief exchange about LSU and McNeese football.

Transcript Highlights:

• So because of the late arrival of the fiscal note, this committee, I believe, is the one that makes—
• And actually, it wasn't a late arrival. It was expedited.
• It was filed today. It was submitted today. You do have it available on your computers.
• There was no fiscal note on file.

Keywords: 994, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Keep in mind, folks, it's never too early or too late to take steps to protect it.
• HB 2598, campaign finance filings. HB 2603, veterans mobile service. HB 2607, veterans housing.
• willing to kidnap children and make schools war zones so that we don't continue to ask about the Epstein files
• I got here late because I went to visit the woman whose family was detained across from my home this

Keywords: 1182, all

Summary: The House convened with prayer by Deacon Ernie Gonzalez, the Pledge of Allegiance, approval of the prior journal, and recognition of Dr. Pamela Murphy as Doctor of the Day. Members also introduced guests, including local officials, Arizona Game and Fish commissioners, and advocates from the Alzheimer’s Association. A proclamation was read designating January 26, 2026, as Arizona Aviation Day, highlighting the industry’s economic impact and the role of airports, aerospace, and aviation-related jobs in the state. The clerk then recorded a large number of bills and resolutions for first and second reading, covering water and energy policy, education savings accounts and school choice, elections and campaign finance, veterans issues, public safety, housing, health care, immigration-related matters, and land and natural resources. Representative Gress also read a resolution recognizing National School Choice Week and praising Arizona’s school choice programs, including charter schools and empowerment scholarship accounts. A lengthy portion of the meeting consisted of members’ personal privilege remarks responding to violence and immigration enforcement actions in Minnesota and Arizona. Many members condemned ICE tactics, described fear and harm in immigrant communities, and called for constitutional rights, due process, and accountability; several requested or observed a moment of silence. No substantive floor votes on legislation were taken during the transcript beyond the motion to adjourn, which passed, and the House adjourned until 1:15 p.m. Tuesday, January 27, 2026.

Transcript Highlights:

• was that, and this has been in housing development for many, many years, but for some reason we're late
• Subpoena Gainer to open a file for the legislation.
• to work If you can let us know your point person for each organization that we can include in our file
• For those who are late, we will have dinner at 6 p.m. at the Grill Restaurant.

Transcript Highlights:

• It's too late for her. Yes, ma'am. That's OK. I do understand that.
• I'm sorry it's late. I apologize. Thank you, sir. Please, I...
• Witness: I'll try to make this quick since I know it's late.
• I know it's late.
• I know it's late, so I'm grateful. Thank you. There's no objection.

Bills: SB 37

Keywords: fetal development, education, public health curriculum, middle school, age-appropriate instruction

Transcript Highlights:

• We've stayed late.
• We've stayed late.
• Um but I think we the Senate file.
• , Since this amendment was filed, Since this amendment was filed, I<03:16:42.239> have<03:
• I mean, the bill is going to be on our general file. The bill is going to be on our general file.

Keywords: 916, all

Transcript Highlights:

• The following bills are proposed for consent: File Item 1, SB 1024, Menjivar; File Item 4, SB 1207, Laird
• ; and File Item 5, SB 1444, Senate Committee on Labor, Public Employment, and Retirement.
• For authors, you'll note that our hearing is publicly noticed as file order.
• This notification alerts the employer that a preliminary report has been filed and that an investigation
• through some of the inefficiencies that exist currently that are also being highlighted in news reports lately

Summary: The Assembly Committee on Public Employment and Retirement heard several bills, beginning with SB 1166 by Senator Arreguín, which would allow AC Transit and its employees to use the Public Employment Relations Board to resolve unfair labor practice charges instead of the courts. The author and union supporters said PERB would provide a faster, fairer, and more specialized process, while no opposition testified. The committee members expressed support, and SB 1166 was approved on a due pass motion and re-referred to Appropriations. The committee also took up consent items SB 1024, SB 1207, and SB 1444, which were moved on consent and placed on hold for absent members. Later, SB 1083 by Senator Perez was heard; it would refine last year’s school misconduct database law by adding an administrative law judge review process for classified employees, requiring stronger employer notification and record-sharing procedures, and extending vetting requirements to certain contracted workers. Supporters, including classified employees and labor groups, argued the bill adds due process and fairness while preserving student safety. Opponents, including school administrators, school districts, and liability organizations, argued it could create gaps in misconduct records, increase liability, and weaken protections for students. After discussion, the author said he was continuing to work with opponents on amendments and emphasized the bill’s goal of balancing due process with child safety, referencing his own experience with grooming as a student. SB 1083 was passed on a due pass motion and re-referred to the Committee on Education. The chair then announced that all bills had passed and adjourned the meeting.

Transcript Highlights:

• The following bills are proposed for consent: File Item 1, SB 1024, Menjivar; File Item 4, SB 1207, Laird
• ; and File Item 5, SB 1444, Senate Committee on Labor, Public Employment, and Retirement.
• For authors, you'll note that our hearing is publicly noticed as file order.
• This notification alerts the employer that a preliminary report has been filed and that an investigation
• through some of the inefficiencies that exist currently that are also being highlighted in news reports lately

Keywords: 988, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Pass and retain on file item 39. File item 40 is AB 2418. File item 40 is AB 2418.
• Pass and retain on file item 176. Pass and retain on file item 176. It brings us to file item 177.
• Passed and retained on file item 347. File item 348. File item 347, file item 348.
• File item 363 passed and retained on file. File item 364 is AB 2321 by Assembly Member Ortega.
• Passed and retained on file. File items 374 and 375.

Summary: The Assembly convened, established a quorum, and proceeded through a large House of Origin floor file, with the Speaker repeatedly urging members to be at their desks and keep support bills brief. Early actions included dispensing with the journal, re-referring AB 2285 to the Banking and Finance Committee, and then taking up dozens of third-reading items, with many bills passed by voice or recorded vote and others passed temporarily or retained on file. The floor debated and passed a wide range of measures on land use, housing, labor, public safety, health care, utilities, taxation, and consumer protection. Among the bills approved were measures on land surveyor review (AB 1933), nurse midwife access for pregnant and postpartum patients (AB 1696), historic-district transit zoning flexibility (AB 2415), EV charging infrastructure fees and timelines (AB 1820), foreclosure bidding protections (AB 1957), tribal cannabis commerce (AB 2506), outdoor advertising permitting (AB 2024), commercial building permit timelines and third-party plan checkers (AB 2418), DUI penalties (AB 1685 and AB 1687), utility rate transparency (AB 1715), CalWORKs work-penalty changes (AB 1755), dynamic electricity rates (AB 1787), interior designer licensure (AB 1796), compost labeling and contamination rules (AB 1812), modular housing standardization (AB 1815), small claims limits for businesses (AB 1827), Native American Day as a paid state holiday (AB 1841), hospital staffing and maternity access bills (AB 1868 and AB 1882), protective orders tied to release dates (AB 1889), and a series of public health, missing persons, and teacher credentialing measures later in the file. Several high-profile bills drew extended debate. AB 2624, expanding Safe at Home privacy protections to immigrant service providers, prompted sharp disagreement over free speech and alleged limits on online posting, but supporters said it protected workers facing threats and doxing; it ultimately passed 49-19. AB 2023, creating a framework for regulating AI chatbots used by children, was framed as a child-safety measure after testimony about chatbot-related harms and suicide risks, and passed 58-8. Other notable votes included AB 2208 on Medi-Cal protections against federal cuts, AB 2299 on CalFresh/SNAP losses, AB 2115 apologizing to California Native peoples for historic state harms, and AB 2311 on public hospital physician employment; the transcript ends as the Assembly continues working through the remaining file.

Transcript Highlights:

• several property annexations the district has conducted in response to petitions to annex property filed
• to House Bill 5696, and we recognize Senator Birdwell explained the difference between the bill as filed
• shows up, 5696, and we recognize Senator Burwell explained the difference between the bill, uh, as filed
• Uh, the committee substitute and the bill as filed— that's it. All right.
• How late are we going to go? Don't know.

Bills: HB103

Summary: The Senate Local Government Committee met to hear and act on a series of municipal utility district and municipal management district bills, most of them presented as template or cleanup measures. The committee first heard HB 5672, which redefined the boundaries of the Driftwood Conservation District in Hays County to match acreage added through landowner petitions; no one testified, and the bill was reported favorably and placed on the local and uncontested calendar. The committee then took up HB 5696 for the Reserve Municipal Management District in Mansfield, where Senator Birdwell explained a committee substitute that conformed the bill to the standard MMD template; the bill was left pending subject to call of the chair. Similar template or technical bills followed, including HB 5680 (Bayou Bell No. 1 MMD in Liberty County), HB 5654 (Montgomery County MUD No. 263), HB 5662 (Fort Bend County WCID No. 12 with road powers), HB 5658 (Craver Ranch MMD in Denton County), HB 5661 (Fort Bend County MUD No. 286), HB 5699 (an exclusion/contract provision for Harris County MUD No. 405), HB 5679 (Hills of Walnut Creek MUD in Parker County), HB 5437 (validation language for Austin County MUD No. 1), HB 5665 (Waller County MUD No. 70), HB 5656 (Fort Bend County MUD No. 263), HB 5670 (Montgomery County MUD No. 259), HB 5651 (Montgomery County WCID with drainage powers), HB 5682 (Comina Ranch MMD No. 1 in McKinney), HB 5320 (merging Starr County drainage-related districts), HB 5677 (Pura Vida MMD No. 1), and HB 5666 (Fencey Road MUD in Harris County). In each case, the sponsor described the district, acreage, location, and powers, and committee substitutes were often used to align the bills with the chamber’s standard template language or correct drafting errors. Public testimony was repeatedly opened and closed with no witnesses appearing for or against the bills. The committee consistently adopted committee substitutes when offered, then voted to report the measures favorably, usually with recommendations that they do pass and be printed, and to place them on the local and uncontested calendar. Most roll calls showed 4 or 5 ayes and 0 nays, with some members absent or not voting. HB 5680 and HB 5682 were reported with committee substitutes in lieu of the filed versions; HB 5658 was reported with a do-not-pass recommendation on the filed bill but do-pass on the substitute; HB 5677 was handled similarly as a companion/template cleanup measure. The committee also noted a few procedural issues, including quorum concerns early in the meeting and a mislabeled bill number that required clarification. At the end of the meeting, the committee adopted several motions in writing and then recessed to reconvene 15 minutes after adjournment of the floor, anticipating possible additional bills later in the day.

Transcript Highlights:

• House Bill 3630 and recognizes Representative Ashby to explain the differences between... the bill as filed
• In the original filed version of the bill, it requires sprinklers in agricultural barns, non-residential
• Just, sorry, I walked in late, so I probably missed a few things, but if I'm looking at this correctly
• As filed, HB 2561 applies only to MUDs, and it would mandate the MUD to move.
• Five residents have filed a petition, and if it's signed, the district must change the meeting location

Bills: HB1835, HB2561, HB3630

Keywords: manufactured housing, HUD-code, zoning, local government regulations, installation permits, municipal utility district, board meetings, public access, meeting location, transparency, fire prevention, agriculture, local government, fire safety, regulations, 1184, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• I move to have House File 3419 before the committee.
• House file 3419 elections in our state.
• That bill House File 3 into law.
• <00:21:08.400> a Minnesota Chamber of Commerce filed a Minnesota Chamber of Commerce filed
• <01:29:49.600> 34 I will move that House File 34 I will move that House File 34 be be be &

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• Late-filed amendment barcode 643-154 by Senator Bracey Davis.
• Without objection, show the late-filed amendment introduced.
• And by the way, would you be willing to craft a late-filed amendment that is very narrow that... ...to
• craft a late-filed amendment that is very narrow that specifically says student identification from
• To craft a late-filed amendment that is very narrow that specifically says student identification from

Summary: The Senate convened with a quorum, opened with prayer and the Pledge of Allegiance, and included several member introductions recognizing guests, interns, firefighters, and a doctor of the day. The chamber then moved to the special order calendar and began taking up a series of bills, often substituting House companions for Senate measures before final passage. The first major bill, health care patient protection, required hospitals with emergency departments to adopt pediatric emergency care policies, training, a pediatric emergency care coordinator, and readiness assessments; it passed 36-0. A public records bill protecting victim identities and temporarily exempting the name of a law enforcement officer who is a victim also passed after questions about access for victims of police misconduct, with a 33-4 vote. The Senate next approved a local government cybersecurity bill creating a state-administered program through Florida Digital Service to help counties and cities strengthen cyber defenses, with priority for rural and fiscally constrained governments; after amendments, it passed 37-0. A clerks of court bill allowing clerks to retain all revenue above projections and, through a House amendment, revising legal notice and traffic citation distribution provisions, passed 38-0 despite debate over impacts on municipalities and law enforcement. The chamber also passed a trademark modernization bill and a septic system permit bill intended to reduce delays for builders; the septic bill was amended to align the House and Senate versions and passed 38-0. The longest and most contested item was the elections bill, which updated citizenship verification procedures using REAL ID and state databases, changed candidate qualification rules, and altered election administration provisions. Numerous amendments were offered and rejected, including proposals to exempt certain seniors, preserve student and retirement-center IDs, allow attestations in place of documentary proof of citizenship, and require human review over automated systems. One amendment to delay implementation until July 1, 2027, was also debated. The transcript ends while debate is still underway on the elections measure, with no final vote shown in the excerpt.