Video & Transcript Research : 'Delaware Foundation'
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TX
Transcript Highlights:
- You're here on behalf of the Texas Public Policy Foundation. You're here for the bill.
- I represent the Texas Public Policy Foundation.
AL
Alabama 2025 Regular Session
Alabama Senate Education Policy Committee Apr 30th, 2025
Education Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- So in Montgomery, the Montgomery Education Foundation is running those schools, and the Montgomery County
- Public School Board is holding the Montgomery Education Foundation accountable for the results in those
Keywords:
computer science, K-12 education, public schools, graduation requirement, digital literacy, coding, programming, STEM, artificial intelligence, AI, computational thinking, technology education, computer literacy, high school credit, middle school, elementary school, teacher training, professional development, distance learning, virtual school
CA
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- A study released by AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety revealed that a disproportionate amount of pedestrian
- across the country are becoming more dangerous every year, especially for pedestrians, and AAA Foundation
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- A study released by the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety revealed that a disproportionate amount of
- And AAA Foundation study found that pedestrian traffic traffic fatalities have increased by more than
Bills:
HB769, HB2132, HB3383, HB3792, HB5431, HB5682, HB5677, HB5678, HB5680, HB5681, HB5683, HB5684, HB5685, HB5686, HB4078
Keywords:
environmental regulation, sustainability, business compliance, state oversight, local control, pollution, renewable resources, grant program, neighborhood organization, pedestrian infrastructure, Texas Department of Housing, financial assistance, neighborhood organizations, grants, urban development, safety, public safety, housing development, low income housing, tax credits
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- I am also a faculty affiliate of the Sandra Rosenbauer Foundation, the School of Social Work, the Institute
- I'm the vice president of policy with the Texas Public Policy Foundation, testifying in support of Senate
Keywords:
child support, interest accrual, family law, delinquency, financial judgment, statutory probate courts, probate court fees, judicial fund, county reimbursement, comptroller, Texas Government Code, Local Government Code, court fees, fee allocation, excess contributions, judicial education and support fund, presiding judge salary, county finance, court administration, Texas judiciary
AL
Alabama 2025 Regular Session
Alabama Contract Review Legislative Oversight Committee Feb 6th, 2025
FL
Florida 2025 Regular Session
Children, Families, and Elder Affairs Feb 4th, 2025
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Senate Revenue and Taxation Committee Jun 24th, 2026
Revenue and Taxation
Transcript Highlights:
- With me in support today is Cindy Heidstman, Executive Director of the California Preservation Foundation
- I'm the Executive Director at the California Preservation Foundation, co-sponsor of the bill along with
- special shout-out to Cindy Heidstman, who's here, Executive Director of the California Preservation Foundation
- Heidstman, who's here, Executive Director of the California Preservation Foundation, who has been prioritizing
- Chewitt with the California Community Foundation, in support.
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Assembly Natural Resources Committee Jun 22nd, 2026
Natural Resources
Transcript Highlights:
- Since then, FPH2 has laid a foundation for the normalization of hydrogen as a key energy source that
- So this bill, SB 1180, builds on that foundation by providing detailed operational guidelines that are
- Kakusian with Environmental Justice Communities Against Plastics, and Mayo Ligari with the Surfrider Foundation
- My name is Mihaila Gare, and I'm with the Surfrider Foundation. I'm the senior...
- My name is Mihail Leger, and I'm with the Surfrider Foundation.
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Assembly Natural Resources Committee Jun 22nd, 2026
Transcript Highlights:
- Since then, FPH2 has laid a foundation for the normalization of hydrogen as a key energy source that
- So this bill, SB 1180, builds on that foundation by providing detailed operational guidelines that are
- Kakusian with Environmental Justice Communities Against Plastics, and Mayo Ligari with the Surfrider Foundation
- My name is Mihaila Gare, and I'm with the Surfrider Foundation. I'm the senior...
- My name is Mihail Leger, and I'm with the Surfrider Foundation.
Summary:
The committee heard several bills, with SB 1350 by Senator McNerney presented first. The measure would expand California’s use of renewable hydrogen in the power sector by allowing renewable portfolio standard credit for power plants using green hydrogen, with supporters emphasizing grid reliability, clean-energy goals, in-state investment, and construction jobs. Support came from labor, clean-energy, municipal utility, and local government representatives; NRDC Action Fund withdrew opposition after amendments, while a few groups remained opposed or neutral. The committee later took a roll call and SB 1350 passed out on a due pass recommendation.
The committee also heard SB 1180 by Senator Allen, which would set operational rules for the Plastic Pollution Mitigation Fund created under SB 54, including clearer eligible uses, transparency, technical assistance, and access for tribes and smaller community groups. Environmental justice, ocean, conservation, and local government groups strongly supported the bill, saying it would ensure the fund addresses plastic pollution’s public health and environmental harms. Industry and manufacturing groups opposed unless amended, arguing the bill should stay tightly tied to plastic waste reduction and not broaden into source-reduction policy. After quorum was established, the committee approved SB 1180 on a due pass recommendation to Appropriations.
SB 1326 by Senator Wahab was then heard to strengthen tribal consultation and tribal cultural resource protections under CEQA by recognizing tribal registers and requiring feasible avoidance or mitigation measures when tribes identify resources. Tribal representatives and supporters said the bill would better protect sacred sites and tribal knowledge, while cities, counties, utilities, builders, and rural county groups opposed unless amended, citing implementation concerns, possible litigation, and uncertainty for infrastructure and housing projects. The committee voted the bill out on a due pass recommendation to Appropriations.
Finally, SB 954 by Senator Blakespear was presented as a cleanup of last year’s SB 131 advanced-manufacturing CEQA exemption, narrowing eligible projects and adding guardrails such as setbacks, air-quality limits, tribal consultation, labor standards, and habitat protections. Environmental and labor groups supported the bill as a needed correction to an overly broad exemption, while business, manufacturing, housing, and local-government groups opposed, warning it could make the exemption unusable and slow investment. Members debated the balance between environmental protection and manufacturing competitiveness, and the committee voted SB 954 out on a due pass recommendation to the Labor and Employment Committee; the transcript then moved on to SB 1031 on compostable plastics, which was introduced but not acted on in the portion provided.
MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
Combatting Antisemitism Jun 21st, 2026 at 01:00 pm
Transcript Highlights:
- To President Trump and allies like the Heritage Foundation, we are the enemy, and now they are weaponizing
- For decades, the Heritage Foundation has labored to discredit and control higher education in America
- Esther, which outlines a plan to discredit pro-democracy organizations, including the Open Society Foundation
- Ken Stern wrote a really nice piece this past week from the Knight Foundation on that.
- So this is a moment where there's a kind of turn inward to look at those kinds of foundational documents
Summary:
The Special Commission on Anti-Semitism met for its 11th meeting and approved the minutes from its August 7 meeting. Co-chairs said the commission had recently completed preliminary K-12 recommendations and would continue work on higher education, with additional topics such as workplace issues, the medical sector, and the arts to be addressed before the November 30 reporting deadline. They also said another public comment meeting would be held this fall.
The first testimony came from Dr. Mark Posnansky of Harvard Medical School, who described anti-Semitism affecting STEM, research, and higher education. He said Jewish and Israeli students and faculty reported ostracism, gaslighting, intimidation, discrimination, and hiding Jewish identity, and he urged clear leadership statements, mandatory anti-Semitism education, and stronger reporting and discipline procedures. Commissioners asked about Harvard training, spillover into teaching hospitals, and whether anti-Semitic climates were causing students to leave; he said some students had turned down opportunities because of the environment and that concerns also affected healthcare settings.
Lindsey Gabbo, a Harvard Law student and mother, testified that campus discourse after October 7 had made Jewish and Zionist students feel isolated and unwelcome, with protests, defaced hostage posters, and a student council BDS vote contributing to the climate. She said Harvard had sent some emails acknowledging anti-Semitism but that she had not seen meaningful steps to restore dialogue, and she argued the school needed more structured venues for conversation. Commissioners also asked about campus security, the effect on students’ mental health, and the impact of chants and protests that she said many Jewish students understood as calls to violence.
A panel of concerned Jewish faculty and staff then offered contrasting views. Professor Jeremy Menchick argued the commission should use data carefully, include non-Zionist Jews in its analysis, and avoid reinforcing divisions within the Jewish community. Professor Hilary Lustick described restorative-practice approaches and said structured dialogue could address conflict without immediate punishment. Professor Jonathan Feingold warned that anti-Semitism was being weaponized by the Trump administration and right-wing groups to attack universities and DEI, and he urged the commission not to adopt approaches that could be used to undermine civil rights institutions. Commissioners pushed back on claims that the problem was being exaggerated or reduced to a “problem” rather than a “crisis,” and the discussion ended with continued debate over data, context, and how to balance anti-Semitism concerns with broader civil-rights protections.
MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
Joint Committee on Mental Health, Substance Use and Recovery Jun 21st, 2026 at 01:00 pm
Joint Committee on Mental Health, Substance Use and Recovery
Transcript Highlights:
- In this field, he served decades as the chair and the president of the Gavin Foundation, which has been
- Health, Substance Use and Recovery, my name is John McGahn, retired president and CEO of Gavin Foundation
- McGahn, and thank you, Senator Collins, and thank you for everything the Gavin Foundation does and your
- I also want to just thank you for everything you do at the Gavin Foundation.
- People confined to psych units and group homes are often denied basic foundational human rights enjoyed
Summary:
The committee held a public hearing on a broad set of mental health, substance use, recovery, and patients’ rights bills. Early testimony focused on H. 2227, which would replace stigmatizing substance use terminology in the General Laws, and H. 3950, which would support parents in recovery involved with DCF by requiring more individualized recovery plans, clearer benchmarks for parenting time, access to recovery coaches or counselors, family counseling after sustained recovery, and staff training on addiction and lived experience. Speakers described the bills as ways to reduce stigma, increase accountability, and improve reunification outcomes for families.
A major portion of the hearing centered on S. 1386, which would transfer Bridgewater State Hospital from the Department of Correction to the Department of Mental Health. Advocates, family members, and disability groups testified that Bridgewater functions like a prison rather than a hospital, with excessive restraint, seclusion, involuntary medication, poor conditions, and racial disparities, and argued DMH should oversee a treatment setting. One DMH occupational therapist and MNA member opposed the transfer, saying the real issue is mixing forensic and continuing-care patients and that DMH should instead create designated forensic units under bills H. 228/S. 1408. Committee members asked about Bridgewater’s population, the history of DOC control, capacity, staffing, and how a transfer might be implemented.
The committee also heard testimony on modernizing the six fundamental rights for psychiatric inpatients, including expanding communication options, clarifying visitation and advocacy definitions, and improving access to gender-appropriate and culturally relevant items. Another bill, H. 2216, would require stronger oversight before antipsychotic medication is prescribed in nursing homes, prompted by concerns about inappropriate use. Finally, testimony supported H. 2240 and H. 2239 on sober homes, with supporters saying discharge and relocation policies are needed when a resident returns to active use or becomes unsafe, while preserving the recovery environment and resident rights. No votes or formal actions were taken during the hearing.
MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
Joint Committee on Financial Services Jun 21st, 2026 at 12:30 pm
Joint Committee on Financial Services
Transcript Highlights:
- was in the right place at the right time in order to get this test that was paid for by our PFFM Foundation
- Fortunately, through the systems through the PFF Foundation, we have a program called Direct Connect.
- Fortunately, through the systems through the PFF Foundation, we have a, and Dr.
- Also, I am the founder of Hear Your Rise Foundation.
- equipped Children with access to hearing aids are better equipped to learn to communicate, laying the foundation
Summary:
The Joint Committee on Financial Services held a public hearing on a wide range of bills, with testimony first focused on H. 1315/S. 824, which would require insurance coverage for pain management options during IUD insertion. Representative Sabadosa, Planned Parenthood clinicians, and policy advocates said sedation can reduce fear and trauma, improve access to effective contraception, and should be reimbursed so providers can continue offering it. A Tufts OB-GYN resident also testified that pain control should be standard care for intrauterine procedures. No votes were taken during the hearing.
The committee then heard extensive testimony on firefighter health bills, especially H. 1230/S. 690 requiring insurance coverage for cancer screenings for firefighters. Professional Fire Fighters of Massachusetts leaders, a Dana-Farber oncologist, and firefighters themselves described occupational exposure to carcinogens and personal stories of late-stage cancer detection, arguing that early screening can save lives and reduce long-term costs. Representative Crichton and Representative Howitt also spoke in support, and Representative Ayers testified for H. 4012, which would require neurological disorder screenings for firefighters. Committee members expressed support and sympathy, but no action was taken.
The hearing also covered H. 3946/S. 756 on hearing aid coverage, with testimony from students, adults with hearing loss, disability advocates, and HLAA representatives describing the educational, social, and financial barriers caused by lack of coverage and urging broader insurance mandates. Later, Representative Donahue and Representative Vargas testified for H. 1337 to expand insurance coverage for opioid antagonists and related medications, including naloxone dispensed at discharge. The committee additionally heard testimony on H. 1134 to improve chronic pain care coordination and non-opioid access, and H. 4162 to improve ostomy supply coverage and access to certified ostomy care, with patients and clinicians describing denials, quantity limits, and non-medical switching. The transcript ends while testimony on H. 1315/S. 824 is still ongoing; no votes or formal committee actions are recorded in the excerpt.
LA
Transcript Highlights:
- It's really just building that foundation so we can put our folks in rural communities like of oils in
- It's really just building that foundation so we can, Washington Parish.
- It's really just building that foundation so we can put our folks in rural communities like of oils in
- that it's very special that we're doing it on Literacy Day here at the Capitol, because that's our foundation
- regarding site work on new construction or additions to be limited to areas within five feet of the foundation
Bills:
HB387, HB673, HB947, HB975, HB1102, HB1228, HB1229, HCR66, SB102, SB165, SB280, SB291, SB326, SB521
Keywords:
engineering, land surveying, construction, state fire marshal, plan review, security cameras, abandoned property, blighted structures, property management, digital assets, abandonment, custodian, escheatment, blockchain, cryptocurrency, unclaimed property, state treasurer, Department of Public Service, statutory entities, public administration
LA
Louisiana 2026 Regular Session
Commerce May 5th, 2026
Commerce, Consumer Protection, and International Affairs
Transcript Highlights:
- It's really just building that foundation so we can put our folks in rural communities like of oils in
- It's really just building that foundation so we can, Washington Parish.
- It's really just building that foundation so we can put our folks in rural communities like of oils in
- that it's very special that we're doing it on Literacy Day here at the Capitol, because that's our foundation
- regarding site work on new construction or additions to be limited to areas within five feet of the foundation
Summary:
The committee first deferred House Bill 1102 without hearing it. It then took up House Concurrent Resolution 66, which urges Louisiana Economic Development and other state agencies to continue studying rural parishes’ economic assets, infrastructure, workforce, and development opportunities. Representative Weible and Secretary Bougoir described the resolution as part of a broader effort to align state rural programs and create a strategic framework for rural development. Members emphasized infrastructure, workforce training, local coordination, and retaining young people in rural communities. An amendment requiring LED to report to the legislature by January 1, 2027 was adopted, and HCR 66 was reported favorably as amended.
The committee next considered Senate Bill 102, which would allow qualified trade associations for motor vehicle dealers to bring declaratory and injunctive actions against manufacturers on behalf of dealers. Senator Presley and the Louisiana Automobile Dealers Association said the bill would consolidate similar disputes into one action, reduce costs, and help smaller dealers avoid retaliation or uneven litigation. Questions focused on standing, the limited remedies, and whether the bill would affect nontraditional sales models. Technical amendments were adopted, and SB 102 was reported favorably as amended.
Senate Bill 521, concerning banks’ continued use of a non-surviving bank’s name after mergers or consolidations, drew the most debate. Senator Boudreau and former Senator Fred Mills said the bill would preserve community-bank identity while following FDIC guidance on clear disclosure and consumer notice. Several members raised concerns about codifying federal guidance, future changes to federal rules, and whether the bill should instead set a fixed transition period; an amendment to limit use of the old name to 24 months was adopted after discussion. Another proposed amendment tying the bill to 1998 FDIC branch-name guidance failed on a roll call vote. The bill, as amended, was then reported favorably.
The committee also advanced House Bill 387, which narrows the scope of incidental engineering work by architects and clarifies the state fire marshal’s authority to review plans under both architecture and engineering laws, and House Bill 1228, which updates hearing-aid dealer licensing and consumer-protection rules, including testing periods, cooling-off rights, and refund/cancellation procedures. Both bills were reported favorably with technical amendments. The transcript then shifted to additional measures, including House Bill 975 on Public Service Commission reconstitution and several Senate bills by Senator Abraham on self-storage facilities and contractor licensing, but the provided text cuts off before those items are fully concluded.
CO
Colorado 2026 Regular Session
Colorado House 2026 Legislative Day 041 Feb 24th, 2026
Colorado House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- group of artists ever inducted, but also because it prominently honored Black musicians who were foundational
- prominently honored black musicians who prominently honored black musicians who were<00:24:41.919>
foundational to <00:24:42.640>the <00:24:42.799>creation <00:24:43.120>of were foundational- to the creation of were foundational to the creation of rock<00:24:43.679>
music. - We're talking about our foundational economies.
KY
Kentucky 2026 Regular Session
Senate Standing Committee on State and Local Government (2-18-26)
State & Local Government
Transcript Highlights:
- passed this session or among them because I do believe that giving folks the right to vote is so foundational
- Uh number two, uh the Heritage Foundation has shown uh talking about voter participation has shown a
- Uh number two, uh the Heritage Foundation<00:46:04.079>
has <00:46:04.319>shown <00:46:05.119 - >
uh <00:46:05.359>talking <00:46:05.599>about Foundation has shown uh talking about - Foundation has shown uh talking about voter<00:46:06.160>
participation <00:46:07.119>has<
Keywords:
Meeting Start: 00:05
Attendance Roll Call: 00:10
SB 70 Discussion: 00:58
SB 70 Vote: 04:36
SB 80 Discussion: 05:16
SB 80 Vote: 31:45
SB 127 Discussion: 32:30
SB 127 Vote: 39:38
SB 154 Discussion: 41:25
SB 154 Vote:
Adjournment: 47:14, 958, all
Summary:
The committee first considered Senate Bill 70, which would modify the Public Pension Oversight Board by adding one House member and one Senate member, automatically placing the House and Senate chairs of state and local government on the board, adding the state treasurer, broadening who the Speaker and Senate President may appoint, and reducing the governor’s board appointments from two to one. After a brief procedural correction about a committee substitute, the bill was explained and then passed by a 9-0 favorable vote.
The committee then heard Senate Bill 80, a constitutional amendment to restore voting rights to people with felony convictions after they complete imprisonment, probation, and parole, while excluding certain offenses such as election fraud, violent felonies, sex offenses, and crimes against children. The sponsor and Senator Herron argued that Kentucky’s current system is confusing and leaves the state as one of the few with lifetime disenfranchisement, while witnesses from the Sentencing Project, the League of Women Voters of Kentucky, and an advocacy group for people with lived experience supported restoration but urged a simpler, broader, automatic approach without offense-based carveouts. Committee members raised questions about implementation, clerk guidance, and how the proposal interacts with expungement and gubernatorial pardons; one senator specifically asked whether serious offenders, including child rapists, would regain voting rights under a broader version, and the witness answered yes. The bill passed with a favorable expression by an 8-1 vote.
The transcript then began discussion of Senate Bill 127, also sponsored by Senator Hickden, but the exchange was cut off before the bill was fully explained or any vote was taken.
NH
New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session
Health and Human Services Oversight Committee (12/19/2025)
Transcript Highlights:
- department take the report and the mission that we see out of that report is to work with, say, the Foundation
- c><00:20:06.080>
the report is to work with um say the report is to work with um say the foundation - > for<00:20:06.880>
healthy <00:20:07.280>communities <00:20:08.000>uh foundation - for healthy communities uh foundation for healthy communities uh home<00:20:08.559>
healthcare - Um, I have had conversation recently with both the foundation, Peter Ames—I haven’t spoken with yet—but
Summary:
The committee met on December 19, 2025, approved the draft minutes from the November 21 regular meeting, and received a DHS commissioners update. Patricia Tilly reported on the state’s rural health transformation application, saying CMS had provided only one question and positive feedback, that the final federal award amount was still pending, and that DHS was preparing an accept-and-expend item for fiscal review using an up-to amount. She also said the new Hampstead YDC facility remains on track, with substantive construction expected by late summer 2026 and move-in likely in early January 2027. In response to questions, she confirmed the playground/outdoor activity area had been in the original design and was added when funding became available.
Henry Litman, Medicaid director, discussed the Senate Bill 248 study committee report on palliative and hospice care. He explained the distinction between palliative care, which can be provided while a patient still seeks curative treatment, and hospice care, which involves electing not to pursue curative services. He said the committee’s work pointed to a need for better education for providers and the public, and described ongoing conversations with the Foundation for Healthy Communities and Home Health and Hospice about developing materials and possibly addressing how palliative services are bundled. He also said the study committee itself did not generate future legislation, though members could pursue it separately.
Litman then answered questions about Medicaid eligibility and long-term services and supports, including delays in processing, the backlog from pandemic-era redeterminations, and efforts to speed reviews. He said the department is using temporary staffing funded in part by last session’s legislation, working with the New Hampshire Healthcare Association, counties, and UNH Law to streamline policy and training, and relying more on electronic asset verification while still guarding against improper asset transfers. He emphasized the goal of balancing faster access to benefits with compliance and fraud prevention.
Robert Rodler followed with the annual tuition waiver update for children in foster care or guardianship. He reported 82 applicants and 65 waivers granted, including 35 for USNH schools and 30 for the community college system, and noted a correction would be issued for inaccurate continuing/new student figures in the report. Senator Gray said he intends to pursue a separate budget appropriation for these tuition waiver costs in the future so the funding would be clearly identified and easier to track. No additional votes were taken beyond approval of the minutes.
OK
Transcript Highlights:
- going to move on to Amanda Hall, director of policy and research at the State Chamber Research Foundation
- Hall, director of policy and research at the state chamber Research Foundation.
- I'm the policy and research director at the State Chamber and State Chamber Research Foundation.
- next, I'd like to recognize John Tidwell, Oklahoma State Director for Americans for Prosperity Foundation
- Association, the Oklahoma Travel Industry Association, and also CEO over the Oklahoma Hospitality Foundation
Summary:
The committee held a study on the potential effects of living wage or minimum wage laws in Oklahoma, with the chair emphasizing that the discussion was not intended to advocate for or against State Question 832. The first panel focused on economic and workforce impacts. An Oklahoma Department of Commerce representative argued that living wage calculations vary by region and household type, that Oklahoma’s average wages are already near or above many living-wage estimates, and that higher mandated wages could lead employers to cut hours, reduce hiring, automate, or avoid expansion, especially in rural areas where childcare, healthcare, broadband, and infrastructure constraints also affect labor participation. Committee members asked about wage distributions, rural cost differences, training pathways, and whether higher wages might draw workers or businesses out of state; the witness said many low-wage workers move up over time and that Oklahoma has seen net in-migration. A State Chamber Research Foundation witness then testified that a $15 statewide wage floor would raise payroll costs substantially, especially for small rural employers, and cited examples from California and Seattle to argue that higher wages can reduce hours, jobs, and benefits while increasing consumer prices. She suggested alternatives such as expanding the state earned income tax credit and promoting upskilling through existing education and training programs.
A Missouri Chamber of Commerce and Industry representative described Missouri’s recent voter-approved minimum wage increase to $13.75, rising to $15, along with paid sick leave provisions. She said the chamber opposed the measure because it would raise business costs, hurt rural communities and youth employment, and force some employers to cut hours, reduce hiring, or close. She cited examples from Missouri businesses facing significant added costs and warned that a future ballot initiative could create a patchwork of local minimum wages. In response to questions, she said Missouri’s law did not distinguish by age or industry, that businesses had raised concerns about union contracts and compliance, and that the chamber viewed the measure as harmful to competitiveness.
Peter Hansen of NFIB presented the final major testimony, summarizing an NFIB study projecting that a higher Oklahoma minimum wage would produce some short-term GDP gains but longer-term losses, with GDP turning negative by the early 2030s and job losses growing over time. He said businesses respond to higher wage mandates by raising prices, trimming jobs, converting full-time positions to part-time, reducing benefits, and shifting investment toward automation or other capital. He argued that the burden falls most heavily on vulnerable workers such as young or marginal employees, who are less likely to be hired when labor costs rise. In questioning, he acknowledged that higher wages can improve pay for some workers and may have some short-term positive effects, but maintained that the long-term employment and investment effects are negative. No votes or formal actions were taken in the meeting.