Transcript Highlights:

• They always emphasize social and community impact.
• It could also be used for rural entrepreneurship.
• As I said, communities are impacted. Who's most vulnerable?
• Impacts air quality under occupation.
• So the impact is not only on. Cattle; it's all on that.

Transcript Highlights:

• I think management impacts of, or impacts of predators, the birds now are taking more fish than Idaho
• If you look at the total impact, like I said, let's take Mike County, for example, Ada.
• It's the largest that's going to be impacted.
• an emergency. ...the Idaho Rural Health Transformation Fund and to establish the Rural Health Transformation
• RIDaho Rural Health Transformation Fund and to establish the Rural Health Transformation Committee and

Keywords: 989, all

Summary: The House convened with roll call, prayer, and the Pledge of Allegiance, then approved the journal and received several communications, including substitute-member appointments and committee reports on pending administrative rules. The House State Affairs and Resources and Conservation committees recommended approval of most agency rules, with some exceptions and one rejection for inconsistency with legislative intent. The chamber also received gubernatorial and Senate messages transmitting and signing numerous bills, and it concurred in several Senate amendments to House bills, including HB 730, HB 928, HB 758, and HB 822. The main floor action focused on suspending rules to take up memorials and bills. House Joint Memorial 22, concerning wildlife and pelican impacts on fisheries, was adopted after debate emphasizing fish losses and asking for federal compensation. HB 957, a Department of Water Resources code-cleanup bill, and SB 1396, repealing an inactive Pacific Fisheries Task Force provision, both passed. HB 948, directing LSO to help produce an annual revenue estimate, passed 61-4. HB 967, providing $4 million for Idaho State Police pay raises by shifting some liquor-account revenue, passed 50-18 after debate over impacts on counties, cities, and property taxes. The House also passed HB 959, a property-tax measure for fire and EMS districts that raises the cap for those districts and changes how new construction is calculated, after extensive debate on property-tax relief and local impacts. On the Senate side, SB 1435, the Health and Welfare maintenance budget, passed; SB 1401, a public health enhancement bill, failed 30-36; SB 1429, the behavioral health enhancement budget, passed 39-27; SB 1431, the Water Resources enhancement budget, passed 48-18; SB 1389, addressing liability for private polling locations, passed; SB 1391, a trailer bill adding surveyors to a property-rights/trespass measure, passed; and SJM 114, urging Congress to act on NIL in college athletics, was adopted by voice vote. The House also took up additional budget and trailer bills later in the day, including HB 964, HB 965, and HB 966, which passed, while continuing to process Senate amendments and committee referrals.

Transcript Highlights:

• However, the city also spends significant resources managing the impacts of RV encampments.
• We have 67 schools and cover both rural and urban areas.
• As you know, my district is very rural.
• I, too, have small rural areas, and again my concern is with the mandate.
• But we also allowed for some flexibility for our small and rural districts.

Summary: The committee heard and advanced several transportation-related bills, beginning with AB 431 on advanced air mobility. The author and supporters from AUVSI, Joby Aviation, United Airlines, Wisk Aero, the City of Long Beach, and Archer said the bill would create a statewide plan and technical framework for eVTOL/advanced air mobility infrastructure, public outreach, and local implementation. No opposition testified, and the bill passed the committee as amended to Appropriations on a unanimous roll call. Members then took up AB 630 on abandoned or hazardous RVs. The author and supporters, including Los Angeles Mayor Karen Bass’s office, argued the bill would curb a cycle in which inoperable RVs are towed, auctioned cheaply, and returned to the streets by predatory buyers, while adding notice, recovery, and reporting requirements. Opponents from Western Center on Law and Poverty and ACLU California Action warned the bill would destroy RVs that serve as shelter for unhoused residents and could worsen homelessness. After discussion about the bill’s focus on dismantling rather than towing, the committee passed AB 630 as amended to Appropriations. The committee also approved AB 314, which would support transit-oriented development around planned and existing high-speed rail stations; AB 1223, which gives Sacramento County communities more flexibility to use local transportation revenues for related infrastructure supporting infill development; AB 1111, which adds flexibility to the zero-emission school bus transition for rural and disadvantaged districts; AB 1190, which caps fees charged by DMV business partners and requires clearer disclosure of the official DMV site; AB 987, which limits unreasonable towing fees and related charges; and AB 911, which creates a narrow exemption from Advanced Clean Fleets rules for telecommunications bucket trucks and sail-on-wheels used in emergencies. Most bills drew support from local governments, industry, or consumer groups, while AB 1111 and AB 911 drew opposition from clean transportation and environmental advocates concerned about weakening emissions goals. All of the bills were reported out as amended to the Committee on Appropriations, with recorded roll-call votes and several members adding their names as co-authors or supporters.

Transcript Highlights:

• I have a tentative list here that will be adversely impacted by this freeze on funding.
• For rural and underserved areas, community care should act as a force multiplier and not a replacement
• Telehealth is also a powerful tool for bridging these service gaps in these rural and underserved areas
• In closing, Congress and VA must work together to resolve existing issues impacting veterans' health
• Am I somewhere in the ballpark of a possible solution in a very, very rural place? Yes, sir.

Transcript Highlights:

• OK. uh, hearing none, the chair calls up Daniel Gibson from the Texas Rural Broadband Association for
• My name is Daniel Gibson with the Texas Rural Broadband Association. We are for this bill.
• Um, one client told me about the impact on their small company.
• A rural areas in the state of Texas.
• So give me a sense of what that the the range of, of, um, of impacts are on that roadway.

Transcript Highlights:

• So, that happens at a budget-neutral impact to the state of New Mexico.
• Where is the impact coming from?
• And again, as I mentioned, we do not even know what the impact is.
• This shows that over 100,000 lives have been impacted by all of our programs.
• We were particularly concerned about the potential impact of expanded AOE.

Transcript Highlights:

• So when we think about rural areas, when we think about some of our underserved urban areas, those are
• some of our small businesses, maybe some in our rural communities, where maybe they don't have some
• this space and worked with a lot of small businesses and disadvantaged businesses, and seeing the impact
• I'm from a rural area, live in a rural area, and those small businesses do just what Representative Spencer
• Small business in because that is vital to our rural and small towns and communities.

Summary: The Transportation Economic Development Budget Subcommittee met with a quorum and took up two bills. First, Rep. Owens presented HB 1165, which would allow FDOT to issue a special blinking permit for mobile cranes and accessory support vehicles to travel on and off interstate highways at all hours, subject to local curfews and FDOT conditions such as size limits, mapping, signage, and warning lights. Supporters argued the change would improve flexibility for infrastructure and emergency work and could be safer at night because of lighter traffic and required visibility measures. After one proponent testified, the bill passed favorably on a unanimous roll call. The committee then heard CS for HB 1397, presented by Rep. Abbott, a broader transportation-related bill addressing the aggregate supply chain grant program, small business partnerships, airport and seaport transparency, maintenance priorities, the Florida Transportation Academy, and the Florida Transportation Research Institute. An amendment was adopted to clarify authority for transportation and parking authorities and to protect septic-to-sewer conversion projects from local rules when permits are issued by FDOT and FDEP. During debate, several members raised concerns that proposed repeals could reduce outreach and opportunities for small, disadvantaged, and rural businesses in DOT procurement, and the sponsor said he was willing to work on restoring or clarifying notification language. Despite those concerns, the committee reported the bill favorably, with some members voting no and others indicating support pending further changes before the next stop or floor consideration.

Transcript Highlights:

• a light on some of the rural aspects of this.
• And then on the right, you see a similar map, but we're focused on rural areas alone, rural arterial
• those rural arterials at a high priority.
• So how do we mitigate impacts of storm surge?
• I think, as I showed you, on the rural community, rural roadways. All right. Thank you very much.

Summary: The Senate Committee on Transportation met to hear presentations from the Florida Department of Transportation on rural arterial roadways and transportation resiliency, followed by a panel discussion on metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs). FDOT’s Will Watts described the state’s growing population and travel demand, emphasizing that rural arterials are critical for connectivity, freight movement, evacuation routes, and congestion relief. He outlined FDOT’s project selection factors, noted thousands of identified rural arterial needs with billions in unfunded demand, and explained that the department uses community input and long-range planning to prioritize safety, capacity, and economic development. Watts then discussed resiliency planning for hurricanes and flooding, focusing on structural design, storm readiness, and drainage. He highlighted efforts such as elevated bridges, wave attenuators, coastal armoring, drainage upgrades, and materials testing at FDOT’s research facilities to extend service life and reduce storm damage. Committee members asked about local project selection, materials research, LiDAR use, and legislative support; Watts said local coordination drives project priorities and asked lawmakers to protect the Transportation Trust Fund. The MPO panel, led by FDOT’s Kim Holland, explained that MPOs are federally required in urban areas over 50,000 population and that Florida has 27, the most in the nation. Holland said MPOs identify and prioritize transportation needs through long-range plans and public engagement, and she noted that several regions are exploring consolidation after the 2020 Census, especially in Tampa Bay and Southwest Florida. Representatives from MetroPlan Orlando, Forward Pinellas, Pasco MPO, and Hillsborough discussed their structures and the potential benefits and challenges of merging, including representation, governance, funding, and maintaining local voice. Members generally supported regional collaboration, urged patience as studies continue, and emphasized the need for transparent public engagement, while the committee adjourned after no further business.

Transcript Highlights:

• In a rural city, that kind of impact supports jobs, tax revenue, business stability, and the services
• In a rural city, that kind of impact supports jobs, tax, businesses.
• In a rural city, that kind of impact supports jobs, tax revenue, business stability, and the services
• It's not going to impact existing projects that are moving forward now.
• Arraeus represented was more rural. Mr. Arraeus fit his district.

Summary: The Senate Transportation Committee heard a long agenda of transportation-related bills, with several district-specific measures and statewide policy proposals. Early in the hearing, SB 1408 by Senator Arreguín would authorize Contra Costa County to place a new countywide transportation sales tax measure on the ballot to continue funding highways, local roads, transit, biking and walking infrastructure, and paratransit. Supporters said it would preserve funding continuity for major projects; CalTax opposed it over affordability and sales tax burden concerns. Senators discussed that the bill would only place the measure before voters, not enact the tax itself, and a motion was made, but no vote could be taken because the committee lacked a quorum. The committee also heard SB 990, a rural signage bill for Ridgecrest along Highway 395, which would allow Caltrans business-logo signs to direct travelers to lodging, food, fuel, medical services, and other amenities. The author and local witnesses framed it as a safety and economic development measure for an isolated community; there was no opposition. SB 1167, authored by Senator Blakespear, would tighten consumer protections in the e-bike market by distinguishing legal e-bikes from higher-powered e-motos, requiring clearer labeling and disclosures, and improving incident reporting. It drew broad support from bicycle, medical, local government, auto club, and safety groups, with no opposition. SB 1034 by Senator McNerney would make it easier for disabled veterans rated permanently and totally disabled by the VA to obtain disabled parking placards, aligning state procedures with federal disability determinations; veterans groups strongly supported it and no opposition was heard. The committee then heard SB 1279, which would add Long Beach’s Pacific Coast Highway corridor to the city’s existing speed safety camera pilot. Supporters said PCH accounts for a disproportionate share of fatalities and crashes, especially involving pedestrians, while opponents from the highway patrol and business groups said the issue should be handled under existing or upcoming rules. The California Highway Patrol Association later moved to neutral after discussions about amendments. Finally, the chair presented SB 1177, to require the High-Speed Rail Project Update report to continue including additional information such as revenue options and comparative project history, and SB 1246, a bill to impose stronger remote-operations, response-time, training, reporting, and manual override requirements on autonomous vehicle operators. SB 1177 drew support from the U.S. High-Speed Rail Association and opposition from the City of Burbank, while SB 1246 drew strong support from firefighters, labor, and many drivers and cyclists, but opposition from the AV industry, Chamber of Commerce groups, and a retired CHP official who argued the bill was too prescriptive and conflicted with new DMV rules. Members debated safety, data reporting, first responder access, and whether the bill should wait for rulemaking; the hearing ended with motions and discussion, but the transcript does not show final votes being taken on these measures.

Transcript Highlights:

• In a rural city, that kind of impact supports jobs, tax revenue, business stability, and the services
• In a rural city, that kind of impact supports jobs, tax, businesses.
• In a rural city, that kind of impact supports jobs, tax revenue, business stability, and the services
• It's not going to impact existing projects that are moving forward now.
• Arraeus represented was more rural. Mr. Arraeus fit his district.

Summary: The Senate Transportation Committee heard several bills focused on local transportation funding, roadway safety, e-bike regulation, veterans’ parking access, high-speed rail reporting, autonomous vehicle oversight, and wildlife-vehicle collision planning. SB 1408 would authorize Contra Costa County to place a countywide transportation sales tax measure on the ballot; supporters said it would continue funding highways, transit, bike/pedestrian projects, and paratransit, while CalTax opposed it over affordability and tax burden concerns. SB 990 would allow targeted Caltrans business-logo signage for Ridgecrest along Highway 395; supporters framed it as a rural safety and economic access measure, and there was no opposition. SB 1167 would tighten consumer protections by clarifying what qualifies as a legal e-bike and requiring clearer labeling and disclosures; supporters included bicycle advocates, medical groups, local governments, and auto clubs, while no opposition testified. SB 1034 would make it easier for disabled veterans rated permanent and total by the VA to obtain disabled parking placards, with strong support from veterans’ organizations and no opposition. SB 1177 would require the High-Speed Rail Project Update report to continue including additional information on revenue options, timelines, and international comparisons; the City of Burbank opposed, while the sponsor argued the bill preserves a historical record and transparency. SB 1246 would impose new remote-operations, response-time, and manual override requirements on autonomous vehicles; first responders and labor groups supported it, industry and business groups opposed it as duplicative of recently enacted law and DMV rules, and the committee discussed possible amendments and coordination issues. The committee also considered SB 1279, which would extend Long Beach’s speed camera pilot to Pacific Coast Highway; supporters cited fatal crash data and pedestrian safety, while the CHP association moved from opposition to neutral after discussions. The committee then took up SB 1250, a planning bill to integrate wildlife-vehicle collision mitigation into transportation planning, with the author emphasizing targeted crossings and fencing at known hotspots. Several consent items were approved on a 10-0 vote, and SB 1246 was reported out 7-2, while other bills were held on call pending quorum or later action.

Transcript Highlights:

• The Special Committee on Rural Issues will come to order.
• This bill will not impact these operations.
• A non-point source is a diffused or scattered source on the rural landscape and is often impacted by
• Non-point sources are found far and wide on rural landscapes.
• And I guess maybe if you're from the rural area, you understand that more so than ever.

Keywords: 959, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• <c> assessments</c> And those privacy impact assessments And those privacy impact assessments have<00
• </c> going to impact us?" going to impact us?"
• </c> rural the state the more the suicide. rural the state the more the suicide.
• And more rural areas.
• And more rural areas. So lethal means. And more rural areas.

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Summary: The committee met on May 29 and approved the draft minutes. DHHS Commissioner Weaver then opened the department update by asking Medicaid Director Henry Litman to brief members on federal and state Medicaid changes, and later turned to DHHS Chief Operating Officer David Weathers for an update on data governance. Members also asked that acronyms be spelled out in future materials and requested a follow-up on the federal Medicaid rule once it is published. Litman reviewed several federal Medicaid provisions tied to HR 1/"OBBA" and related state implementation issues. He said the first major change would be restrictions on certain non-citizens’ Medicaid coverage, affecting about 400 people in New Hampshire, with notices likely 30 to 60 days before the effective date. He also discussed new work requirements/community engagement rules, saying New Hampshire is on track to implement them and will likely need a state plan amendment rather than an 1115 waiver. Other changes included shorter retroactive coverage periods, a new state option for certain community-based services with an estimated $740,000 in implementation support, a freeze and phased-down reduction in the Medicaid enhancement tax beginning in state fiscal year 2029, and limits on directed payments to hospitals after a grandfathering period. He also noted that Medicaid enrollment has fallen from pandemic-era levels, with about 167,000 people covered as of May 1, and that the department is working with CMS on child premiums and other cost-sharing changes approved in HB 2. Committee members asked how the department could plan for the 2029 changes given the number of elections before then, and Litman said federal rules may be adjusted over time as states and stakeholders raise concerns. He emphasized planning for the worst while hoping for the best, and said rural health care transformation funding would help the state prepare. In the second presentation, Weathers explained that data governance is now embedded in DHHS operations to control access, manage reporting, and respond to risk. He defined it as managing what data is collected, how it is used, who can access it, and what laws apply, and said DHHS has moved from governance as a committee to governance as an operational process. He described privacy impact assessments for new systems going into production, monthly privacy and security training, and ongoing review of access controls and data-sharing rules.

Transcript Highlights:

• ><c> more</c><00:06:25.600><c> unpaid</c> rural hospitals, it means more unpaid rural hospitals, it means
• When rural hospitals, it means closure.
• ><c> hospitals</c> Medicaid is gutted, rural hospitals Medicaid is gutted, rural hospitals don't<00:06
• </c><00:06:41.440><c> hospitals</c> Today, over 40% of rural hospitals Today, over 40% of rural hospitals
• </c> his Golden Spikes Award and his impact his Golden Spikes Award and his impact on<00:15:08.480><c

Keywords: U.S. House of Representatives Floor Proceedings on Wednesday, June 25, 2025, 1012, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• No, sir, I don't have that yet, but there obviously will be some sort of impact.
• Can you talk about the fiscal impact to the state? Thank you for the question.
• There should be no fiscal impact to the state at all.
• No fiscal impact to the state at all.
• small events in our rural communities.

Keywords: 914, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Again, middle-income housing and also rural housing, permanent housing, not just voucher programs, not
• We meet twice a year in rural places; it was in Las Vegas, New Mexico, last fall.
• The biggest issue they mentioned for rural schools is transportation.
• When we're really talking about our rural schools and our school districts, what are those needs?
• Rural families are affected by the opioid crisis.

Transcript Highlights:

• :37:30.400><c> 2024</c> bit of impact from 2024 bit of impact from 2024 fiscal<00:37:32.320><c> year.
• For example, in Elizabeth rural areas.
• Our more rural ad about $10,000 more.
• </c> and recruit particularly those rural and recruit particularly those rural areas<00:48:56.400><c>
• </c><00:52:13.359><c> areas</c> particularly in the more rural areas particularly in the more rural areas

Keywords: 958, all

Summary: The committee first heard an update from representatives of the Kentucky County Clerk’s Association on the transition to electronic recording and land records modernization. They reviewed the 2021 task force work, the legislation and budget funding that followed, and the requirements for county clerks to provide online search portals and complete 30-year property record searches, with a 60-year standard expected next summer. Speakers said most counties are still working through scanning and verification, with only a small number fully complete, and emphasized that verification of records is the main bottleneck because it requires staff time and careful matching of indexes to deeds. They also noted limited vendor availability, differences among counties in what records are already digitized, and that the association and land title attorneys are now working more closely on future “continuous improvement” legislation. The clerks also raised related issues, including concerns about deed fraud as more records become searchable online. They said some counties already offer notification services that alert property owners when a document is recorded, which can help owners respond quickly to suspicious filings. They also discussed the filing document storage fee and KDLA digitization grants, saying the funding structure has generally worked but that two grant cycles have been missed. Another topic was whether, once records are fully digitized and searchable, some permanent records should remain publicly accessible or be moved to a safer archive. In response to committee questions, the witnesses said the remaining delays are less about money than staffing shortages and the need for more manpower to complete verification, and they said they would follow up on the balance in the KDLA fund and other details. The committee then received a presentation from an Area Development District representative, who described the districts as regional, nonpartisan service organizations that help cities and counties pool resources, provide technical assistance, and leverage public and private partnerships. He highlighted examples of regional cooperation, including veterans-directed care and other shared programs, and argued that the districts create efficiencies and economies of scale for local governments and the state. No votes or formal actions were taken during the portion of the meeting provided.

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> top priority because it directly impacts top priority because it directly impacts health<00:37:00.120
• people's</c> impact, positive impact for people's impact, positive impact for people's lives<00:53:40.960
• ,</c> and try to make this a statewide impact, and try to make this a statewide impact, that that that
• ><c> which</c><01:06:28.440><c> are</c> Wheel impact load detectors, which are Wheel impact load detectors
• </c> rural access and job creation. rural access and job creation.

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Our commitment to customer impacts and understanding how the customer is going to be impacted is at the
• This is real rural. I mean, it's... My family had Wall, Texas. All right. That's really rural, too.
• true rural setting.
• Family ranches are the backbone of rural Texas.
• Family ranches are the backbone of rural Texas.

Summary: The Senate Business and Commerce Committee held its third interim hearing on Texas electric grid reliability and 765 kV transmission lines/private property rights. Chair Schwertner opened by noting record ERCOT summer demand of 91,089 MW and emphasized the committee’s focus on managing rapid load growth, ensuring adequate generation, and protecting homeowners, businesses, landowners, and ratepayers. The committee also adopted strict two-minute limits for public testimony and planned to hear invited witnesses first, then public testimony. PUC Chairman Thomas Gleeson, ERCOT CEO Pablo Vegas, and OPUC Chief Counsel Benjamin Barclay testified on Senate Bill 6 implementation, large-load interconnection, transmission cost allocation, and market design. Gleeson said the PUC has adopted or is finalizing rules on net metering/co-location, large load interconnection standards, and a transmission cost recovery rule that would move from 4CP to 12CP, lengthen the interval to 30 minutes, and add a minimum demand charge to better allocate costs to large loads. Vegas explained ERCOT’s new batch process for large loads, saying it provides year-by-year capacity allocations, clearer financial obligations, and a transmission plan; he reported 205 GW eligible for Batch Zero, with 65 GW classified as baseload, 25 GW in an intermediate category, and 114 GW as allocated load. Barclay supported the changes as better protection for residential and small commercial customers, while warning that the minimum demand charge may need an exit-fee concept to address stranded costs if large loads leave. Members pressed witnesses on whether additional market changes are needed to attract dispatchable thermal generation and whether DRS/DRRS Plus could become a capacity-market substitute. Gleeson and Vegas said the current market still favors solar, batteries, and other low-variable-cost resources, and that more incentives may be needed for gas and other thermal generation; Gleeson said the commission’s reliability standard assessment will begin this year and conclude next year with a 2029 outlook. They described DRS as an ancillary service for intraday reliability and DRS Plus as a proposed real-time revenue mechanism for thermal resources during scarcity, not a forward capacity market. Senators also questioned whether 12CP could still be gamed, whether curtailment authority under SB 6 should be expanded from EEA 2 to earlier stages, and whether the batch process should be bifurcated so traditional industrial loads are handled differently from data centers. Witnesses said the batch process is intended to prevent speculative projects from driving transmission costs, that most large-load projects are data centers, and that future rules may need to better distinguish among types of large loads.

Transcript Highlights:

• He said he thinks it is impactful for the board.
• He said stories change the world and the impact legislation that we do in St. Paul.
• </c> board what we assumed the tales impact board what we assumed the tales impact would<00:37:38.520
• </c> will cause irreparable harm to rural will cause irreparable harm to rural nursing<00:53:05.520><
• I'll speak just briefly about how we believe this will impact us at Pioneer Care.

Bills: HF1419, HF500

Keywords: nursing facilities, reimbursement rates, elderly care, minimum wage, healthcare funding, nursing home, employment standards, worker rights, Minnesota Statutes, labor compensation, 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• Well, I'm really concerned about the impacts of this project.
• We love what makes our rural communities special.
• What makes one rural community special might be different than what makes another rural community special
• You know, how is this going to impact me?
• How that impacts Otter Tail's business plan?

Keywords: 908, all

Summary: The Energy Development and Transmission Committee met in interim session and approved the November 6 minutes. Chair Novak outlined the committee’s study agenda, including large energy users such as data centers, geothermal, landowner relations, wind and solar, and other energy topics across the state. The meeting was framed as informational only, with no bills or formal legislative action taken beyond the minutes approval. Testimony focused first on landowner relations. Oliver County Commissioner Dave Berger described the county’s energy history and local support for coal and related development. North Dakota Farmers Union President Matt Perdue emphasized proactive, face-to-face communication with landowners, respect for property rights, and the need for developers to be transparent about tradeoffs; he also discussed insurance and liability concerns tied to easements. Committee members asked about eminent domain, local versus state authority, and how communities can better understand the revenue and infrastructure implications of energy development. Department of Agriculture Deputy Commissioner Tom Bodine then described the department’s ombudsman programs for pipeline restoration and reclamation, wind restoration, and royalty oversight. He said the programs provide confidential, third-party assistance on reclamation and royalty disputes, but do not provide legal advice. Senators raised concerns about post-production deductions in royalty leases and whether the ombudsman can explain them; Bodine said the program can clarify statements and deductions but cannot resolve legal disputes. He also said the department has not received requests related to fiber lines. Representatives from Grid United and One Oak described their project development and landowner engagement practices. Grid United’s Brent Johnson discussed the North Plains Connector transmission project, its route selection process, voluntary acquisition approach, and efforts to avoid eminent domain by working closely with regulators, counties, townships, and landowners. One Oak’s Danette Welsh and Tom Giltner described the company’s midstream operations, extensive North Dakota footprint, and emphasis on direct landowner communication, consistent local regulation, careful construction practices, and post-construction reclamation. Members asked about setbacks, zoning consistency, invasive species prevention, outside advocacy groups, and eminent domain use; One Oak said it has not used eminent domain on its North Dakota projects, largely because most gathering lines are negotiated easements.