Video & Transcript Research : 'coverage'
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MN
Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session
House Fraud Prevention and State Agency Oversight Policy Committee 12/17/25
Fraud Prevention and State Agency Oversight Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- think it was in 2021, which prevented new authorizations for people under 55 that are receiving coverage
- think it was in 2021, which prevented new authorizations for people under 55 that are receiving coverage
- think it was in 2021, which prevented new authorizations for people under 55 that are receiving coverage
- think it was in 2021, which prevented new authorizations for people under 55 that are receiving coverage
- think it was in 2021, which prevented new authorizations for people under 55 that are receiving coverage
KY
Kentucky 2025 Regular Session
Public Pension Oversight Board (8-26-25)
Transcript Highlights:
- But the levels of coverage and how much they have to pay for their health insurance coverage is subject
- their how much they have to pay for their health<01:21:15.040>
insurance <01:21:15.520>coverage - c><01:21:16.159>
is <01:21:16.480>subject <01:21:16.880>to health insurance coverage - is subject to health insurance coverage is subject to change<01:21:18.080>
depending <01:21:18.400 - the age of 65 paying an amount equal to the Medicare Part B premium equivalent toward the cost of coverage
Summary:
The meeting opened with a quorum call, the Pledge of Allegiance, a prayer, and approval of the prior meeting minutes. The first presentation was from Bo Craycraft of the Judicial Form Retirement System, who gave an update on investment performance, asset allocation, cash flow, and projected employer costs. He reported strong fiscal year 2025 investment results, with both the legislative and judicial retirement plans outperforming their actuarial assumed rates of return and benchmarks, driven largely by U.S. equity performance. He also noted the plans remained near their target asset allocation and continued to experience negative cash flow, though he said that was manageable in context of strong asset growth.
Craycraft then discussed a recent experience study and actuarial assumption changes, especially a revised salary growth assumption and a higher cash balance interest credit rate. He said these changes increased projected employer costs, with contributions rising from about $700,000 to a projected $2 million in later years, though he expected the eventual 2025 valuation and investment gains to reduce that estimate. Members asked about mortality assumptions, the impact of the experience study on liabilities, and the sharp increase in the judicial plan’s projected employer cost. Craycraft explained that the increase was driven mainly by the updated assumptions and that no other major plan changes were involved.
At the chair’s request, Craycraft also addressed the recent rise in Medicare Advantage premiums for the plan’s health coverage, saying the 2025 increase was largely tied to Part D changes and the Inflation Reduction Act and had been about 45%, but that future growth was expected to be under 5%. After his presentation, the committee moved to the Kentucky Public Pensions Authority update, where the next speaker began by saying the funds had exceeded actuarial assumed returns for the fiscal year.
FL
Florida 2026 Regular Session
FL House Floor Session - 2025-04-30 (10:00AM Session)
Florida House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- The Senate bill does not prohibit condo owners from securing insurance coverage from Citizens because
- But I can tell you, when you have to pay $250,000 every single year for a million dollars of coverage
- The unintended consequences of the... ...for a million dollars in coverage.
- 600 rare diseases, which is a tenfold increase over the current state newborn screening program's coverage
- consumer disclosure requirements, which must be signed by the policyholder prior to the binding of coverage
Summary:
The Senate opened with prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, and several recognitions, including interns, Denim Day awareness, a resolution honoring Vietnam veterans exposed to Agent Orange, and a remembrance of former Senator Karen Johnson Gendron. The chamber then moved to special order bills. CS/HB 687 on transportation offenses involving death was substituted for SB 138, amended to add warnings and penalties for refusal of breath or urine tests, and passed 37-0. CS/SB 306 on Medicaid providers, requiring broader after-hours access and network availability for Medicaid enrollees, also passed 37-0.
The Senate then took up CS/CS/HB 913 on condominium associations, a major post-Surfside reform bill. Senator Bradley explained that the measure was intended to provide financial relief and flexibility while preserving safety and accountability. The bill was substituted for SB 1742, amended several times to limit milestone inspections and structural integrity reserve studies to buildings three habitable stories or more, and then passed 37-0 after extensive debate. Senators from both parties praised Bradley, Pizzo, Garcia, and staff for years of work on condo safety and affordability, with several members describing the bill as a balance between protecting residents and avoiding financial hardship.
The final major item was CS/HB 1205, the bill on amendments to the state constitution and citizen petition drives. Sponsors Gates and Grohl argued the bill was needed to combat fraud, identity theft, and misuse in the petition process, citing a lengthy Office of Election Crimes and Security report. The House bill was substituted for SB 7016, and the chamber considered a long series of amendments and substitute amendments addressing petition circulator registration, volunteer participation, submission deadlines, invalid-signature thresholds, voter notification, and fiscal impact statements. Several amendments were adopted, while others were debated over whether they would protect access to the citizen initiative process or strengthen election integrity. The transcript ends during debate on the main substitute amendment, before final disposition on the bill is shown.
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- what this does is it allows someone that's had an injury or an illness that requires continuous coverage
- they had insurance or that they now have insurance, and works with the court to ensure that that coverage
- with the the court to ensure that works with the the court to ensure that that<01:55:33.760>
coverage - Paul, is charged $2,493 a year for minimum limits coverage, which is $245 a month.
- <01:57:38.320>
And coverage, which is $245 a month. And coverage, which is $245 a month.
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- This Governor's budget places a 2% cap on all future rate increases, limits health insurance coverage
- for our employees and ends coverage for our employees and ends planned<01:30:22.040>
closure < - This has enhanced the health care coverage that we offer our employees, a benefit that's now at risk
- This has enhanced the health care coverage that we offer our employees, a benefit that's now at risk
- This has enhanced the health care coverage that we offer our employees, a benefit that's now at risk
AR
Arkansas 2026 1st Special Session
ALC-EXECUTIVE SUBCOMMITTEE Mar 19th, 2026
ALC-EXECUTIVE SUBCOMMITTEE
Transcript Highlights:
- and the company has confirmed it will provide the required $5 million in construction insurance coverage
Summary:
The Executive Subcommittee met and first considered a waiver request from the Stuttgart School District to use the TIPS interlocal purchasing system for a turf replacement project instead of a traditional competitive bid. Superintendent Jeff McKinney explained that three bids were received but none fully met the RFP specifications, including warranty and insurance requirements. After review by the district’s architect, the committee approved the waiver request by voice vote.
The committee then approved a consultant services agreement between the Bureau of Legislative Research and Work Ed Consulting to support the Hospital Medicaid Developmental Disability Subcommittee’s study under Act 145. Legislators said the consultant would help develop workforce-system reform legislation for the 2027 session, and noted the firm’s experience in other states. The contract runs through June 30, 2027, with a maximum amount of $158,000, and was approved without opposition.
Next, the committee approved an actuarial and consultant services agreement with Perrin Knight to provide ongoing actuarial support for the state property insurance captive and related legislative oversight work. Bureau staff said the contract would run from April 1 through December 31, 2027, with a maximum amount of $475,000, though only actual hours and travel would be billed. Members asked about budgeting, invoice timing, and overlap with other insurance consultants, and the agreement was approved. Finally, the committee approved using Bureau committee room funds to renovate Committee Room C in the Big Mac Building, citing outdated audiovisual equipment and the need to update the room to match other recent renovations before adjourning.
AR
Arkansas 2026 1st Special Session
LEGISLATIVE JOINT AUDITING-STATE AGENCIES Mar 12th, 2026
LEGISLATIVE JOINT AUDITING-STATE AGENCIES
Transcript Highlights:
- all cash funds on deposit with a bank or financial institution that exceed FDIC deposit insurance coverage
Summary:
The committee first approved the minutes from the prior meeting. It then heard audit reports from Tom Bullington, including two reports with findings and three without findings, which were filed without objection. The Department of Public Safety FY24 audit had two findings: a duplicate vendor payment of nearly $3,700 that was later recouped, and a $2.5 million collateral shortfall tied to bank-held cash funds because securities were not properly pledged in the State Police’s name. Agency representatives from Arkansas State Police and the Department of Public Safety answered questions, and members discussed how collateralization works for deposits above FDIC coverage.
The committee next reviewed the Department of Transformation and Shared Services FY24 audit, which contained five findings. These included an $800 career service overpayment caused by a rehire data entry error, delayed deactivation and inventory issues for assets including stolen cameras, a double count of more than $940,000 in year-end cash records, $10.3 million in health claims that should have been recorded as fiscal year 2024 payables, and repeated deficiencies in vehicle mileage logs. Agency officials explained that the stolen cameras were recovered through restitution, that inventory reviews are being expanded, and that the vehicle log problems are expected to be addressed through a statewide electronic GPS/telematics system.
Members asked about the scope of audit testing, asset tracking, vehicle oversight, and whether the new vehicle system would allow monitoring of use, fuel purchases, geofencing, and possible sharing of vehicles across agencies. Shared Administrative Services said it would administer the statewide system, with departments retaining operational responsibility and access controls. After discussion, the committee filed the report without objection and adjourned, noting the next meeting would be held June 4.
AR
Arkansas 2026 1st Special Session
LEGISLATIVE JOINT AUDITING-STATE AGENCIES Mar 12th, 2026
LEGISLATIVE JOINT AUDITING-STATE AGENCIES
AZ
Transcript Highlights:
- foster care stipend increase; SB 1603, temporary assistance child-only case; SB 1604, insurance coverage
Summary:
The Senate convened with prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, electronic roll call, and approval of the journal. Members then introduced several guests, including Doctor of the Day Dr. Kelly Arari, representatives and students from Arizona Western College, a Tempe Leadership participant, Flagstaff officials who were present to testify on a public safety bill related to detox centers, and participants in the Doty London Excellence in Public Service program.
The chamber also adopted a legislative proclamation honoring Dr. Daniel P. Kor for his decade of leadership at Arizona Western College, citing record enrollment, expanded transfer and dual-enrollment opportunities, financial stability, and broader educational impact in Yuma and La Paz counties. Senators noted the college’s role in rural health-care training and referenced the planned University of Arizona regional medical campus in Yuma. In addition, the President announced a temporary committee appointment and a referral change for SB 1176.
A lengthy second-reading calendar of Senate bills and one concurrent resolution was read, covering topics including taxes, education, housing, public safety, health care, elections, water, labor, and appropriations. No floor debate or votes on those measures occurred in the transcript. Committee announcements were made for the following day, and the Senate adjourned by motion to Thursday, February 5, 2026, at 11 a.m.
AZ
Transcript Highlights:
- SB 1604, insurance coverage for breast reconstruction. Finance and ATT.
Summary:
The Senate convened with prayer and the Pledge of Allegiance, recorded attendance, approved the prior journal, and welcomed several guests in the gallery, including Tom Walsh, Lisa Everett, Avery Franz, and Chief Elliot Sneezy. Members also extended well wishes to Senator Farnsworth’s wife, who was hospitalized. The President made a temporary committee appointment, naming Senator Fernandez to the Education Committee for February 4, 2026.
The chamber then processed a large number of House messages and first-reading bill referrals covering a wide range of topics, including transportation, taxation, water policy, education, health care, public safety, housing, elections, immigration, behavioral health, and appropriations. Among the notable items were bills on religious institutions and charitable services, alternative fuel tax, school budgets, civics instruction, private school teacher certification, informed consent for medical interventions, rural groundwater management, and multiple appropriation measures for law enforcement, fire incident management, school safety, housing, and social services. Standing committee reports were also received and entered without being read.
In other business, the Senate considered the Governor’s nomination of James McCain to the Arizona Board of Regents. The Education Committee recommended confirmation, and the full Senate voted to approve and confirm the nomination by voice vote. After a recess, the Senate returned, received additional first-reading bills and committee reports, announced committee meeting schedules for the following day, and then adjourned until Wednesday, February 4, 2026, at 1:15 p.m.
CO
Colorado 2026 Regular Session
Colorado Senate 2026 Legislative Day 094 Apr 18th, 2026
Colorado Senate Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- What we are asking for in this bill and requiring is that there is parity in insurance coverage between
- What we are asking for in this bill and requiring is that there is parity in insurance coverage between
- What we are asking for in this bill and requiring is that there is parity in insurance coverage between
- What we are asking for in this bill and requiring is that there is parity in insurance coverage between
- Insurance coverage between nonopioid pain medication and opioid pain medication.
Summary:
The Senate convened with a quorum, approved the previous day’s journal, and received a long list of bill status reports and enrollments. It also introduced Senate Bill 168, concerning reporting of money handled by legislative caucuses, and Senate Bill 169, a non-substantive revision bill for the Colorado Revised Statutes. The chamber then agreed to proceed out of order for moments of personal privilege and recognized the Denver and Colorado Springs chapters of The Links, Incorporated for Lynx Day at the Capitol.
The Senate next took up a special-order consent calendar containing House Bill 1110, Senate Bill 78, and Senate Bill 151. All three committee reports and the bills themselves were adopted without objection, and the Committee of the Whole report was later adopted by a 35-0 vote. As reported, Senate Bill 78 was amended, Senate Bill 151 passed second reading and was ordered engrossed, and House Bill 1110 was amended, passed second reading, and ordered revised for third reading and final passage.
The chamber then moved to special orders on Senate Bill 6 and Senate Bill 15, and the transcript focuses mainly on Senate Bill 6, which would require health insurers to offer at least one non-opioid pain medication option. Supporters argued the bill would expand access to safer pain-management alternatives, reduce opioid addiction, and encourage innovation; several members shared personal or professional experiences with opioid harms. Opponents argued the bill would mandate newer, more expensive drugs when less costly alternatives already exist and could raise health care costs. The debate continued in the excerpt, but no final vote on Senate Bill 6 is shown here.
MD
Transcript Highlights:
- Certain carriers, as well as Medicaid, must provide coverage for such screenings.
- Amendment two requires Medicaid to provide coverage as described, alters the definition of perinatal
- Certain carriers, as well as Medicaid, must provide coverage for such screenings.
- Amendment two requires Medicaid to provide coverage as described, alters the definition of perinatal
- Amendment two requires Medicaid to provide coverage as described, alters the definition of perinatal
Summary:
The Senate convened, established a quorum, and handled several ceremonial and introductory matters before moving into committee reports. The chamber welcomed the doctor of the day, recognized an intern and a guest in the gallery, extended birthday wishes to Senator Chris West, and received remarks from the Romanian Ambassador to the United States, Dr. Andre Moraru, who emphasized Romania’s strategic partnership with the United States, NATO cooperation, investment ties, energy projects, and support for Ukraine. Senators also briefly noted Maryland’s military and diplomatic ties to Romania. The ambassador’s remarks were journalized, and members were given time to meet with him off the floor.
The Senate then took up a series of second-reading bills, mostly from the Finance Committee, adopting committee amendments and favorable reports without objection. Among the measures advanced were Senate Bill 39 on behavioral health reimbursement rate methodology and a work group for certified community behavioral health clinics and outpatient mental health centers; Senate Bill 605 directing the Public Service Commission to study broadband and VoIP oversight; Senate Bill 721, Ralph’s Act, providing expedited DDA/Medicaid eligibility for certain recently relocated individuals; and Senate Bill 891 on perinatal mental health screening, coverage, training, and reporting. Each was amended in committee and ordered printed for third reading.
The Senate also advanced several House bills, including House Bill 427 extending the task force on responsible use of natural psychedelic substances and adding an HBCU representative; House Bill 480 requiring transportation network companies to maintain written deactivation policies; House Bill 532 requiring overtime pay for firefighters employed by governmental units after 168 hours in a 28-day period; House Bill 816 reducing the Maryland Automobile Insurance Fund assessment cap from 3% to 1% and authorizing an affordability program; House Bill 829 requiring human trafficking awareness training for certain for-hire and rideshare drivers; House Bill 862 requiring a two-person crew for certain freight rail operations in shared corridors, contingent on similar action in neighboring states; and House Bill 999 revising Class 9 limited distillery license rules and production limits. Most of these bills were reported favorably, with no objections, and were ordered to third reading or passed for third reading as applicable.
HI
Hawaii 2026 Regular Session
JHA Public Hearing - Fri Feb 13, 2026 @ 2:00 PM HST
Judiciary & Hawaiian Affairs
Transcript Highlights:
- state regulators and as well as the local nonprofit community to determine if there are alternative coverage
- state regulators and as well as the local nonprofit community to determine if there are alternative coverage
- Coverage mechanisms that may be optimal for the situation.
- We ended up paying three times the premium for less coverage than we had before.
- We ended up paying three times the premium for less coverage than we had before.
Summary:
The committee heard testimony on House Bill 1768, which would prohibit state and county law enforcement agencies and officials from entering into federal immigration-enforcement agreements under 8 U.S.C. 1357(g) and from assisting in certain immigration enforcement actions except in limited circumstances. The Office of the Public Defender, Hawaii Coalition for Immigrant Rights, the Legal Clinic, and the ACLU of Hawaiʻi all testified in strong support, arguing the bill would protect due process, reduce fear in immigrant communities, preserve trust in local police, and keep local resources focused on public safety. Testifiers said cooperation with immigration enforcement can chill court attendance, crime reporting, and cooperation with police, and they emphasized that the bill would not stop federal enforcement or affect other deputization agreements for environmental or other criminal matters. Committee members asked whether any 287(g) agreements currently exist in Hawaiʻi; testifiers said they were unaware of any and believed the bill would maintain the status quo. No vote was taken in the portion provided.
The committee then took up House Bill 1548, which would reduce the maximum sentence for misdemeanors from one year to 364 days and allow people previously sentenced to one year to seek sentence modification. The Office of the Public Defender, Office of Hawaiian Affairs, the Legal Clinic, the Hawaii Coalition for Immigrant Rights, the ACLU of Hawaiʻi, and the William S. Richardson School of Law immigration clinic all supported the measure, saying the one-day change could prevent severe immigration consequences such as detention, removal, and bars to relief that can be triggered by a sentence of 365 days or more. Testifiers stressed that the bill would not change criminal liability or public safety, but would align Hawaiʻi law with similar reforms adopted in other states. Members questioned whether the change would affect citizens or create an automatic immigration process; witnesses responded that the issue is the federal immigration consequence tied to the maximum sentence, not actual time served, and that citizens would not face that consequence. The transcript ends during continued discussion of HB 1548, with no final vote shown.
US
US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session
US House Floor Proceedings (Wednesday, March 25, 2026)
US Federal House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- Because of the ACA, more than 50 million Americans have gained health coverage.
- .<00:36:39.440>
People <00:36:39.680>with <00:36:39.920>pre-existing coverage. - People with pre-existing coverage.
- They eviscerated the American health care system, gutting coverage and financial support that makes it
- Families across the country have already started losing coverage, and millions more are facing skyrocketing
US
US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session
US House Floor Proceedings (Thursday, March 27, 2025)
US Federal House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- away health coverage from the people we love the most: kids, our parents, our neighbors who rely on
- away health coverage from the people we love the most: kids, our parents, our neighbors who rely on
- <02:41:59.280>
So, if they lose their health coverage. - So, if they lose their health coverage.
- If you are a California citizen on Medicaid right now, the kind of coverage that you get, the kind of
AL
Transcript Highlights:
- "I'm concerned about that one because it would prohibit discrimination in obtaining insurance coverages
- "I'm concerned about that one because it would prohibit discrimination in obtaining insurance coverages
- "I'm concerned about that one because it would prohibit discrimination in obtaining insurance coverages
- "I'm concerned about that one because it would prohibit discrimination in obtaining insurance coverages
- "I'm concerned about that one because it would prohibit discrimination in obtaining insurance coverages
AL
Transcript Highlights:
- to 60 days to increase their coverage.
- <02:56:17.359>
So, <02:56:17.600>right it's enough coverage or not. - So, right it's enough coverage or not.
- <02:56:24.880>
Speaker, <02:56:25.120>as their coverage. That, Mr. - Speaker, as their coverage. That, Mr. Speaker, as for<02:56:25.439>
B.
NH
Transcript Highlights:
- building them, financing them personally and, with assistance of course, they're extensive in their coverage
- building them, financing them personally and, with assistance of course, they're extensive in their coverage
- building them, financing them personally and, with assistance of course, they're extensive in their coverage
- building them, financing them personally and, with assistance of course, they're extensive in their coverage
- building them, financing them personally and, with assistance of course, they're extensive in their coverage
NH
New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session
House Finance Division I (02/05/2025)
Transcript Highlights:
- It provides 45 days for people prior to release, Medicaid coverage, and two provider encounters and two
- days for people prior to release days for people prior to release Medicaid<04:08:08.840>
coverage - <04:08:09.680>
and <04:08:10.000>two <04:08:10.319>provider Medicaid coverage - and two provider Medicaid coverage and two provider encounters<04:08:11.439>
and <04:08:11.600 - >
when <04:08:25.760>I <04:08:25.880>talked <04:08:26.119>about Care coverage
Summary:
The committee heard an overview from the Agriculture Commissioner on the department’s major divisions and staffing. He described the Office of the Commissioner, Agricultural Development, Pesticides, Regulatory Services, Weights and Measures, Animal Industry, Plant Industry, and Soil Conservation, noting that many programs are federally funded or supported by dedicated fees and fines. He said the department has 44 full-time positions plus one DoIT employee shared with other agencies, and that HR services are now contracted through Administrative Services. He also explained that Soil Conservation is administratively attached to the department and funded through Moose Plate grants and county contributions, not direct state funding.
Members asked about specific program functions and issues, including weights and measures inspections, animal health, bird flu response, internships, invasive species, and the Big E/New Hampshire building. The commissioner said weights and measures covers nearly all commercial measuring devices and products sold by weight, and that inspectors are currently part-time police officers, though the department is discussing removing that requirement. He said the department is actively involved in bird flu monitoring, including regular calls with USDA and the state veterinarian and collecting milk samples from dairy farms. On invasive species, he focused on Japanese knotweed and bittersweet, saying the department has only one staff person working on the issue, mainly as a coordinator with DOT and towns, and that eradication is extremely difficult. He also said the department does not run student internships and refers inquiries to UNH Cooperative Extension.
The committee discussed budget and revenue issues, including three new general fund positions, one of which is the assistant commissioner and another a biological scientist for invasive species. The commissioner said the department had been in “triage mode,” that an assistant commissioner was needed because of workload, and that the department is a net positive to the General Fund each year. He said some fees and fines have not been updated in decades and would require legislation to change, including a proposed $5 fee for each animal database certificate to help fund a system that costs about $250,000 annually to maintain. In response to questions about budget reductions, he said the department protected personnel, reduced the cost-of-care fund, fair grants, and land preservation funding to about $25,000 each, and did not plan to buy new vehicles or computers. He also said he could not support including the $50,000 Conservation District resilience grant program in his budget under the current reduction targets, though he remained hopeful it might be funded another way.
CO
Colorado 2026 Regular Session
Colorado House 2026 Legislative Day 029 Feb 11th, 2026
Colorado House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- for children ages uh birth to coverage for children ages uh birth to three<02:15:36.320>
as <02 - <02:38:33.280>
the <02:38:33.520>health <02:38:33.760>care <02:38:34.000>coverage - they would lose the health care coverage they would lose the health care coverage that<02:38:34.800
- The department shall implement basic medically necessary coverage standards and pursue all available
- basic medically necessary coverage basic medically necessary coverage standards<03:59:58.399>
Summary:
The House convened, led the pledge of allegiance, and established a quorum before approving the corrected journal. The Majority Leader then moved a long list of bills—House Bills 1150 through 1179—to be made special orders for February 11, 2026 at 9:15 a.m., and the chamber agreed without objection.
The committee then took up House Bill 1150, a supplemental appropriation for the Department of Agriculture. Representative Serna explained it included technical adjustments tied to other agencies, plus a pilot program to test a biocontrol strategy for the mountain pine beetle infestation in Colorado’s ponderosa pine forests. After brief opposition from a member who said he would vote no on spending measures generally, the bill passed.
House Bill 1151, the supplemental appropriation for the Department of Corrections, generated extensive debate. Supporters said the bill was necessary to cover major costs such as medical case loads, outside medical and mental health contracts, local jail payments, prison case load, private prison utilization, and food services, while also addressing staffing and parole/community corrections coordination. Opponents argued the state keeps funding more beds instead of investing in services that reduce incarceration, criticized DOC management and delays, and said the legislature should demand better accountability and efficiency. Supporters countered that DOC does not control the parole board or community corrections, that the prison population is aging, and that the state must pay for required custody and care. The transcript ends amid continued debate over the corrections supplemental, with no final vote on House Bill 1151 shown in the excerpt.