Transcript Highlights:

• centers in particular where there might be several large spaces where it might be appropriate or feasible
• have a grocery or pharmacy in there, trying to make sure..." "...where it might be appropriate or feasible
• that there's been no outcome from those 60 cases you mentioned, that a retailer was responsible financially

Bills: HB2229, HB2274, HB2294, HB1269, HB1078

Keywords: professional engineers, registration act, licensing, engineering practice, state regulations, email regulation, commercial communications, consumer protection, data privacy, electronic mail, consumer access, real property, food security, medicine access, restriction, pawnbroker, fees, interest rates, financial regulation, pet insurance

Summary: The Consumer Protection and Business Committee heard public testimony on House Bill 2229, which updates the Professional Engineers Registration Act. Staff described changes to board membership, registration qualifications, continuing education, exclusions from registration, certificate terms, and terminology updates. Representative Zahn said the bill is intended to modernize and clean up the code, and noted she would offer an amendment to avoid changing the board’s official name. A board representative supported the bill as a way to improve licensing flexibility and administrative consistency, while one member questioned removing the U.S. citizenship requirement for board members; the witness said the requirement had been requested by the committee last year and that board members would still need to be Washington-licensed and familiar with state law. The hearing on HB 2229 was suspended and later reopened for additional testimony, then closed without action. The committee also heard House Bill 2274, which would modify the Washington Commercial Electronic Mail Act. Staff explained that the bill would raise the knowledge standard for violations from “reason to know” to “reliable basis,” require a subject line to be likely to mislead a reasonable recipient about a material fact, limit damages to recipients who received, reviewed, and detrimentally relied on the email, and repeal the act’s per se Consumer Protection Act violation while leaving statutory damages in place. Supporters, including the prime sponsor, retailers, hospitality businesses, and e-commerce representatives, argued that a recent Washington Supreme Court decision led to a wave of lawsuits over ordinary promotional subject lines and exposed businesses to large statutory damages and defense costs even without proof of harm. Opponents and consumer advocates argued the current law already targets false or misleading subject lines, that the bill would weaken consumer enforcement, and that the recent lawsuits involve deceptive urgency tactics. The committee did not take final action on HB 2274 during the hearing. House Bill 2294, which would prohibit future negative use restrictions on real property that block grocery stores or pharmacies where such uses are otherwise allowed, also received a hearing. Staff said the bill would declare such restrictions against public policy, with exceptions for existing covenants, nearby relocations, and certain retail centers, and would enforce the prohibition through a per se Consumer Protection Act violation. Representative Farivar said the bill responds to food access problems, including the Lake City grocery closure, and is modeled on local ordinances already adopted in Seattle, Bellingham, and Kent. Food industry and grocery association witnesses generally supported the goal of improving food access, though one group asked for narrower guardrails to preserve legitimate business uses of restrictive covenants and raised concerns about competition and investment. The committee then moved to executive session and unanimously voted House Bill 1269, which adjusts pawn broker loan terms, interest rates, fees, storage charges, and online payment options, out of committee with a due pass recommendation by voice vote.

Transcript Highlights:

• Uh Department of Financial Institutions.
• And every decision that we make is with their financial well-being in mind.
• </c> financial differencemaker in this financial differencemaker in this competition<01:14:44.000><c>
• </c> analysis confirms that the financial analysis confirms that the financial benefit<01:14:55.440><
• benefits to consumers direct financial benefits to consumers in<01:15:16.560><c> 2024.

Keywords: Meeting Start 00:00:00 Call to Order and Roll Call 00:00:15 Department of Insurance Update 00:01:39 Department of Financial Institutions Update 00:37:07 Insurance Industry Update 00:54:50 Credit Union Industry Update 01:10:53, 958, all

Summary: The committee met with a quorum, approved the September 16 minutes, and then received an update from Insurance Commissioner Sharon Clark and staff on the Department of Insurance. Clark reviewed department activity, including growth in premium volume and licensing, consumer complaints and recoveries, and a rise in fraud referrals. She said the department has 66 open fraud cases and described common schemes such as staged auto accidents, inflated repair or cleanup charges, and roofing scams. She also said the department’s investigators often prepare strong cases but face reluctance from local prosecutors, especially in Fayette and Jefferson counties, to pursue them. Clark reported favorable workers’ compensation news, saying rates will decrease 9.7% next year for the 20th straight year. She contrasted that with a difficult property insurance market driven by storms, reinsurance costs, inflation, labor shortages, and litigation, but said Kentucky’s market remains relatively stable, citing the Kentucky Fair Plan’s small number of policies. She then warned of significant 2026 health insurance premium increases on the exchange: 16.1% for Molina, 23% for Anthem, and 37% for WCare, after CareSource withdrew. She said the rates were reviewed by actuaries and found fair, but that the biggest pressure point is the scheduled expiration of enhanced premium tax credits, which she said could leave about 90% of exchange enrollees facing a compounded increase. Members questioned Clark about fraud prosecution, the number of people in commercial versus public coverage, and the impact of expiring subsidies. Clark said the prosecution issue is mainly with Commonwealth attorneys and that rural counties are more cooperative than urban ones. She also said the health market is individually rated and that older enrollees would be hit harder, while the loss of tax credits could push some people out of the marketplace. One member asked about the attorney general’s recent opinion on SB 188, the PBM bill; staff said attorneys were still reviewing it. Clark closed by noting that Kentucky’s fraud and towing/storage legislation has become a model for other states.

Transcript Highlights:

• As a result, requests for financial assistance have historically not been among the most common reasons
• </c> affordable we are not an financial affordable we are not an financial assistant<00:04:59.919><c>
• , requests for financial result, requests for financial assistance<00:05:05.680><c> have</c><00:05:05.840
• In 2025, calls related to financial<00:05:17.919><c> assistance</c><00:05:18.720><c> increased</c><00
• :05:19.199><c> by</c><00:05:19.520><c> 63%</c> financial assistance increased by 63% financial assistance

Bills: HF4119, HF3959, HF3792, HF3913, HF3752

Keywords: property tax, renter credits, co-pay, housing affordability, tax relief, homestead, tax refund, Minnesota, tax increase, financial relief, homeowners, AmeriCorps, taxation, individual income tax, living allowances, stipends, national service, tax compliance, revenue, analytics

Transcript Highlights:

• It also clarifies that local agencies have the authority to determine feasibility using clear and objective
• It also establishes that local agencies have the authority to determine feasibility using clear and objective
• It also clarifies that local agencies have the authority to determine feasibility using clear and objective
• And it also establishes that local agencies have the authority to determine feasibility using clear and

Bills: SB6131, SB6311, SJM8016, SB6230, SB6032, SB6335

Keywords: traffic safety, roadway fatalities, Washington traffic safety commission, policy update, road safety, accident prevention, pedestrian safety, construction, accessibility, public safety, urban planning, bridge repair, infrastructure, emergency funding, transportation, cash transactions, pennies, currency, economic efficiency, financial regulation

Transcript Highlights:

• management, establishes a salary cap, and requires the area agency's expenditures to follow DOEA financial
• monitoring, and investigations of former guardians, and grants OPPG limited subpoena power to obtain financial

Bills: S1002, S1016, S1030, S1594, S1630

Keywords: child welfare, substance abuse, neglect, parental rights, drug exposure, Medicaid, disabilities, employment, healthcare access, income eligibility, veteran benefits, minor clients, financial assistance, education services, Department of Children and Families, Department of Health, aging services, disability assistance, long-term care, Alzheimer's support

Summary: The committee considered several bills affecting children, disability services, aging, recovery residences, and foster youth benefits. SB 1016 codified the working people with disabilities program for Medicaid waiver recipients, with amendments removing automatic enrollment and improving information sharing between agencies; advocates testified that the program helps people with developmental disabilities work while keeping needed care, though they raised implementation and training concerns. The bill was reported favorably. SB 1002, as amended, clarified that evidence of acute or chronic parental drug abuse can constitute harm or neglect in child welfare cases and allow court intervention and treatment requirements; it was also reported favorably. SB 1594 would preserve veterans’ benefits for foster youth for postsecondary education or aftercare rather than using them as reimbursement to the agency, and it passed favorably. SB 1630 modernized aging and long-term care statutes, expanded emergency service authority, updated oversight of area agencies on aging and guardianship, and permanently established the Florida Alzheimer’s Center of Excellence; after two amendments, it was reported favorably. SB 1030, on recovery residences/substance abuse services, was amended with a substitute that narrowed transfer definitions, sped licensure for existing providers adding levels of care, and limited credentialing entities’ access to resident records; members noted it remained a work in progress, but it was reported favorably. The committee also held confirmation hearings. Robert Astellos, nominated as Director of the Agency for Persons with Disabilities, described efforts to reduce the pre-enrollment list, improve transparency and customer service, expand family involvement, and streamline agency processes; multiple advocacy groups appeared in support, and the committee recommended his confirmation. The committee then unanimously recommended confirmation of the appointees on tabs 7 through 10. The meeting concluded with adjournment.

Transcript Highlights:

• The Committee on Pensions, Investments and Financial Services will come to order.
• Seen a new trend in financial crimes which were large scale fuel thefts.
• So Texas has taken the lead on tackling organized financial crimes.
• I'm Captain Jeff Headley with the Texas Financial Crimes Intelligence Center.
• This bill is critical to Texas's fight against organized financial crime.

Bills: HB201, HB272

Keywords: disabled veteran, partially disabled veteran, veterans property tax exemption, homestead exemption, ad valorem tax, property tax relief, surviving spouse, appraisal district, Tax Code, local government revenue, homestead portability, service-connected disability, veteran benefits, Texas property tax, residence homestead, disability rating, disaster response, financial assistance, helicopter, municipalities

Keywords: HI House YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3jMGz8X8Jb8, 2026-07-02T01:22:34+00:00, 2.2.24, Data collected via generic collector engine, COMMITTEE ON COVID-19 ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL PREPAREDNESS Rep. Scott K. Saiki, Co-Chair Mr. Peter Ho, Co-Chair, 910, house, all, 2.2.42, 2.1.47

Transcript Highlights:

• Senate Bill 2067 will update as Other states have already done the process of a state law so that financial
• Financial fraud is not a new problem; scammers often target older adults, often breaking them before
• This bill will realign some legal roadblocks, allowing financial institutions a clear path to help protect

Bills: SB1303, SB1343, SB1435, SB1438, SB1444, SB1641, SB1765, SB1916, SB2067

Keywords: workers' compensation, workers comp, Oklahoma Workers' Compensation Commission, Administrative Workers' Compensation Act, self-insurance guaranty fund, multiple injury trust fund, physician advisory committee, advisory council on workers' compensation, workers' compensation court, insurance, employer liability, self-insured employer, fund transfer, records transfer, agency reorganization, statutory cleanup, technical corrections, Title 85A, SB1343, Vision Plan Contractual Requirements Act

Transcript Highlights:

• Senate Bill 2067 will update, as other states have already done, the process of a state law so that financial
• Financial fraud is not a new problem.
• This bill will realign some legal roadblocks, allowing financial institutions a clear path to help protect
• Align some legal roadblocks, allowing financial institutions a clear path to help protect vulnerable

Bills: SB1303, SB1343, SB1435, SB1438, SB1444, SB1641, SB1765, SB1916, SB2067

Keywords: workers' compensation, workers comp, Oklahoma Workers' Compensation Commission, Administrative Workers' Compensation Act, self-insurance guaranty fund, multiple injury trust fund, physician advisory committee, advisory council on workers' compensation, workers' compensation court, insurance, employer liability, self-insured employer, fund transfer, records transfer, agency reorganization, statutory cleanup, technical corrections, Title 85A, SB1343, Vision Plan Contractual Requirements Act

Summary: The Business and Insurance committee met and first announced that several bills—1765, 1916, 1438, and 1444—would be laid over. The committee then considered Senate Bill 1303, which repeals an obsolete workers’ compensation advisory commission that members said is no longer needed after the state moved to a commission-based system; it passed 9-0. Senate Bill 1641 followed, clarifying that annual renewal notices for certain business certifications may be sent to the last known email address of record; it also passed 9-0. The committee then took up Senate Bill 1435, a property insurance measure responding to rising premiums. The author argued it would prohibit insurers from using credit scores in premium rating, citing examples of large rate differences tied to credit rather than driving or property risk. Members questioned whether banning credit scoring would shift costs to other policyholders, but the bill passed 5-3 after the title was struck. Senate Bill 1343, an optometry-related bill intended to ensure vision plan organizations and optometrists follow existing regulatory rules, drew questions about discounts and incentives but was described as not changing the current framework; it passed 8-1. Finally, Senate Bill 2067 was heard to help financial institutions more effectively report suspected financial exploitation of vulnerable adults and share information with Adult Protective Services or law enforcement more quickly. The author said the bill would remove legal barriers and improve scam prevention, especially for older adults. It passed unanimously 9-0. The chair then adjourned the meeting, noting the next meetings would be longer.

Transcript Highlights:

• Or that's where I'm at, at any rate, regarding the financial aspect of the bonding requirements.

Bills: SB1246, SB1510, SB1979, SB1929, SB1930, SB1976

Keywords: environmental permitting, Oklahoma, Department of Environmental Quality, public participation, regulatory framework, administered applications, energy, wind energy, financial assurance, property restoration, environmental regulation, mining, blasting, residential protection, buffer zone, Department of Mines, public utilities, electric transmission lines, landowner rights, payment regulations

Transcript Highlights:

• monthly financial reporting requirements.
• If a school district under formal financial monitoring has not met its financial reporting requirements
• I believe this policy right now because of financial situations is short-sighted.
• It gives early warning and notification of financial difficulties.
• Most of our districts, that gives early warning and notification of financial difficulties.

Bills: HB1295, HB2262, HB2551, HB2593, HB2594, HB2636

Keywords: reading instruction, structured literacy, early literacy, dyslexia, phonics, phonological awareness, language comprehension, vocabulary, fluency, oral language, orthographic knowledge, multi-tiered system of supports, MTSS, screening assessments, intervention, reading intervention, elementary education, kindergarten, first grade, second grade

Summary: The House Education Committee briefed and took executive action on several bills. House Bill 1295, relating to comprehensive literacy programs and educator literacy training, was revised through a proposed substitute and several amendments. The substitute updated literacy curriculum alignment requirements, changed educator recertification provisions, restored some prior literacy-related state duties, and added reporting and implementation timelines. After debate over whether the bill should create a mandate for districts, the committee adopted one amendment and then passed the bill 17-0. House Bill 2262 would require high school civics instruction to include cursive signature instruction and related election-signature content. Amendments were adopted to allow culturally or linguistically appropriate signature forms, add historical context about marginalized communities, remove the requirement that students produce a legible cursive signature as a graduation condition, and eliminate State Board monitoring of compliance. The committee passed the bill 14-0. House Bill 2551, allowing certain school districts to sell real property with superintendent authorization, was also passed after members debated whether it was a prudent response to district financial pressures; the final vote was 10-4. House Bill 2593, dealing with school district minimum fund balances and monthly financial reporting to OSPI, was amended to remove a provision allowing withholding of apportionment payments for reporting failures. The substitute shifted the bill toward formal financial monitoring, technical assistance, and reporting requirements, and the committee passed it 11-3. House Bill 2594, establishing state requirements to ensure homeless students have equal access to public education, was amended to remove duplicative OSPI provisions and clarify McKinney-Vento alignment; it passed 14-0. House Bill 2636, creating a JLARC-based review process for public education policy and funding, was amended to keep a null-and-void clause from advancing, and the committee passed the substitute 14-0. The committee then adjourned after announcing a future meeting date.

Transcript Highlights:

• It also provides benefits that far outstrip even those financial recoveries.
• for short, from WAKIYA, and the continuing tax exemption for LECs, because these exemptions make financial
• for short, from WAKIYA, and the continuing tax exemption for LECs, because these exemptions make financial
• Those lender requirements are well-suited for the cooperative model and ensure financial responsibility
• They often don't have the financial resources to get into compliance with RCW 64.90 or WUCIOA by the

Bills: HB2453, HB2590, HB2445, HB2386, HB2585

Keywords: psychiatric pharmacists, mental health, pharmacy regulations, healthcare, pharmacological treatments, limited equity cooperatives, common interest ownership, housing, exemption, community ownership, probate, estate administration, inheritance, heir finder, heir locator, beneficiary interest, transfer of inheritance rights, probate for profit, personal representative, executor

Summary: The Civil Rights and Judiciary Committee heard testimony on several bills. House Bill 2445, requested by the Attorney General, would curb “probate-for-profit” abuses by extending the waiting period before a court may appoint a non-family estate administrator, limiting non-intervention powers and repeat appointments for “suitable persons,” tightening venue rules, and restricting self-dealing in estate assets. The sponsor and Attorney General’s Office described cases in which strangers allegedly used probate loopholes to control estates, sell property, and profit from heirs’ losses; the Northwest Justice Project and others supported the bill. Members raised questions about the bill’s timelines and whether the added safeguards might complicate probate for laypeople, and the sponsor said she was open to amendments. House Bill 2386 would replace a statutory garnishment answer form for continuing liens on earnings with a form developed by the Washington Pattern Forms Committee or a substantially similar form. The sponsor and a district court judge said the current form often leads to calculation errors, especially for fluctuating wages, and that a new form would improve accuracy and fairness for debtors, creditors, employers, and courts. A collectors’ association supported updating the form but asked for more implementation time and flexibility for employers using their own systems. The judge said a delayed rollout would not be a problem. House Bill 2585 would create a Washington State False Claims Act modeled on the federal act, allowing the Attorney General and private whistleblowers to sue for fraudulent claims against the state, with treble damages, civil penalties, retaliation protections, and qui tam provisions. Supporters said it would recover stolen public funds, deter fraud, and help address wage theft and other abuses; they emphasized that the bill requires specific intent and materiality. The Attorney General’s Office said it was generally supportive but would provide technical and substantive feedback, while a wireless industry representative urged an exemption for tax matters and a construction industry witness warned the bill could turn ordinary change-order disputes into fraud claims. The committee also heard House Bill 2590, which would exempt limited equity cooperatives from WUCIOA unless they opt in, while preserving their property tax treatment. Housing and cooperative development witnesses said the bill would remove mismatched regulatory burdens, preserve permanently affordable homeownership, and better fit the cooperative model; members asked about resale appreciation, reserves, and how the cooperative structure works. Finally, House Bill 2453 would add board-certified psychiatric pharmacists to the list of professionals who may sign certain involuntary treatment petitions and provide concurring opinions for involuntary medication under less restrictive alternative orders. Supporters said it would improve workforce capacity and continuity of care in behavioral health settings, while opponents argued it could weaken civil-liberty protections and extend commitment authority to professionals without diagnostic authority. No votes were taken on any of the bills in the transcript.

Bills: HB669, HB 1306, HB3173, HB3807

Keywords: healthcare, Medicare, insurance, financial assistance, families, wage theft, employers, penalties, Texas Workforce Commission, employee rights, employer database, worker rights, death investigation, emergency services, medical benefits, exposure claims, public safety, workforce development, TWC, youth workforce

Transcript Highlights:

• So the idea is that they're not going to commingle those funds; they would put them in a separate financial
• As funds that would put them in a separate financial institution, which you have to go back to page two
• bought pizza for $300 for a whole bunch of starving kids, and some of them, that could put them in a financial

Bills: HB3239, HB3391, HB3557, HB4128

Keywords: veterinary medicine, definitions, animal husbandry, board of veterinary examiners, telemedicine, veterinarian-client relationship, animal welfare, commercial pet breeders, licensing, advertising, animal cruelty, Oklahoma Agricultural Extension, local funding, financial institutions, county extension services, state funds, wildlife conservation, hunting regulations, mountain lions, black bears

Summary: The Agriculture Committee first considered two executive nominations and approved both unanimously. Rebecca Hartfield was re-nominated to the State Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners, where she described her rural mixed-animal veterinary work and efforts to encourage future veterinarians. James Harrell was then nominated to the Oklahoma State University Veterinary Medical Authority; supporters emphasized his commitment to rural Oklahoma and addressing the shortage of large-animal veterinarians, and he discussed efforts to improve veterinary education and recruit more Oklahoma students. Both nominations passed 13-0. The committee then took up House Bill 3391, which would add improper advertising as a basis for revoking a commercial pet breeder license and define advertising to include digital and social media. Members asked about the definition and scope of commercial pet breeders. The bill passed on a 9-4 vote. House Bill 4128, dealing with black bear hunting season and harvest limits, drew extensive debate. An amendment to move the opener to September 21, expand counties, and let the Wildlife Commission set quotas failed 6-7. The underlying bill, which would have kept the September 15 opener and a 200-bear limit, also failed 3-9 after testimony and debate focused on bear population data, nuisance complaints, and concerns about out-of-state hunters and impacts on female bears. House Bill 3557, which would keep locally raised county extension funds in separate accounts so they are not swept into state accounts, passed 10-2 after questions about how local, state, and federal funds would be handled. Finally, House Bill 3239 on veterinary telemedicine passed 9-3. The bill defines the veterinarian-client relationship needed before telemedicine can be used, with supporters saying it would provide needed structure while preserving access for rural livestock care; opponents worried it could restrict access in emergencies. The committee then adjourned.

Bills: SB706, SB1262, SB1272, SB1546

Keywords: school funding, general fund carryover, State Aid, educational finance, budget penalties, emergency clause, tuition waiver, human trafficking, education, higher learning access, victims' rights, Oklahoma Tuition Equalization Grant, higher education, financial aid, income eligibility, student grants, scholarships, capital improvements, teacher incentives, Oklahoma Equal Opportunity Education Scholarship Act

Bills: SF0102, SF0123, SF0021, SF0099

Keywords: energy transmission, load growth, Wyoming energy authority, transmission planning study, public utilities, regional cooperation, energy, funding, grants, loans, coal, natural gas, mineral processing, economic development, stable token, liquidity, trust account, Wyoming, fund distribution, financial regulation

Transcript Highlights:

• There's no one that is not touched financially by the blessing of the resources that we are very, very
• There's no one that is not touched financially by the blessing of the resources that we are very, very
• So that's what our largest financial institutions tend to utilize as their treasury-type investments.
• 01:08:34.480><c> what</c><01:08:34.960><c> our</c><01:08:35.359><c> largest</c><01:08:35.839><c> financial
• </c> that's what our largest financial that's what our largest financial institutions<01:08:36.880><c

Bills: SF0102, SF0123, SF0021, SF0099

Keywords: energy transmission, load growth, Wyoming energy authority, transmission planning study, public utilities, regional cooperation, energy, funding, grants, loans, coal, natural gas, mineral processing, economic development, stable token, liquidity, trust account, Wyoming, fund distribution, financial regulation

Transcript Highlights:

• And I would say, too, that frankly, financial conservatives should love this bill as well.

Bills: SB83, SB106, SB107, SB123, SJR1

Keywords: ecological monitoring, sustainability, tribal engagement, education, research funding, graduate scholarship, higher education funding, New Mexico, appropriation, financial aid, out-of-school programming, education funding, youth programs, affordability, nonprofit organizations, defibrillators, public schools, health and safety, emergency response, school elections

Transcript Highlights:

• This financial assistance as well as ensuring that the education retirement system is financially sound
• Unfortunately, it was a tough financial decision as I went without pay during that training.
• They make it possible for candidates, especially those with families or financial obligations, to enter
• the profession, especially those who want to serve high-needs communities, but face significant financial
• strongest strategies for building a prepared and stable educator workforce, but only if they are financially

Bills: SB83, SB106, SB107, SB123, SJR1

Keywords: ecological monitoring, sustainability, tribal engagement, education, research funding, graduate scholarship, higher education funding, New Mexico, appropriation, financial aid, out-of-school programming, education funding, youth programs, affordability, nonprofit organizations, defibrillators, public schools, health and safety, emergency response, school elections

Bills: SB2004, SB2039, SB2042, SB2043, SB2044, SB2132

Keywords: outdoor advertising, billboards, public safety, penalties, community pollution, elections, campaign finance, business entities, political activity, regulation, liability, non-natural persons, insurance, captives, examination, regulations, policyholders, dormant captive, tax exemption, Hawaii revised statutes

Summary: The Senate Commerce and Consumer Protection Committee opened its first hearing of the year with remarks from Chair Jared Kohole outlining hearing procedures, a two-minute testimony limit, rules for remote testimony and decorum, and a revised testimony-publication pilot that keeps 96-hour notice but returns to a standard 24-hour testimony deadline. He then moved through the agenda, beginning with SB 2004 on outdoor advertising, which would increase penalties for violations of billboard and outdoor advertising laws. Testimony on that measure was limited; Henry Curtis of Life of the Land was first up, and written support was noted from Hawaiian Electric and the Outdoor Circle. The committee then heard SB 2039 on election campaign finance, which would prohibit certain business entities from engaging in campaign finance activities. The Attorney General’s office offered comments and did not take a formal position at the hearing. Several proponents testified in support, including Josh Frost, Tom Moore of the Center for American Progress, Hapa/Hawaii Alliance for Progressive Action, and Common Cause Hawaiʻi, all arguing the bill would curb corporate and dark-money influence and return elections to the people. Moore distinguished between regulating corporate “rights” and limiting corporate “powers,” and said the state can redefine the powers it grants corporations. In questions, Senator McKelvey asked whether the bill could be expanded to include unions; the Attorney General said he would need to get back with legal analysis, while Moore said his preferred approach would include all entities and that leaving out nonprofits or unions would create problems. Members also discussed whether the bill would affect PACs, and Moore explained that the proposal would prohibit corporate and dark-money flows into PACs while leaving individual political giving and existing political committees in place. The committee then moved on to the next measure. SB 2042, relating to insurance, was heard next. The bill would reduce the unimpaired minimum capital and surplus required of class 4 sponsored captive insurance companies under certain circumstances. The DCCA Insurance Division said it stood on its written testimony, and the Hawaii Captive Insurance Council testified in support, describing the change as a narrow, risk-based adjustment that would not affect the commissioner’s authority where actual risk resides and would help keep Hawaii competitive. The committee noted additional written support and proceeded without a vote or final action in the portion of the hearing provided.