Video & Transcript Research : 'interstate practice'

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NM

New Mexico 2025 Regular Session

Senate Chamber Mar 18th, 2025

New Mexico Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • I don't care what religion you, you practice.
  • Now let's go to the Unfair Practices Act.
  • These private remedies already exist under the unfair trade practices.
  • Pretending to be unfair trade practices. When it's really aimed at.
  • I've never done an unfair trade practices claim. This is not, this is not my practice of law.
FL

Florida 2025 Regular Session

Judiciary Feb 11th, 2025

Transcript Highlights:
  • It was created by the court to assist with admissions of lawyer into the practice of law.
  • We're proposing changes to the rule that govern how laws practice and the courts.
  • Employers must be members of the Florida part of practice here in Florida.
  • Sometimes it's an entity that's engaged in the practice of law.
  • Non-lawyers engaging in the license practice of law.
Keywords: 999, senate, all
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Judiciary Finance and Civil Law Committee 1/16/25

Judiciary Finance and Civil Law

Transcript Highlights:
  • and then turn it over to Ben practices and then turn it over to Ben um<00:09:46.839> so<00:09
  • So this committee also deals with matters related to government data practices.
  • <00:12:56.480> uh related to government data practices uh related to government data practices
  • the Minnesota Government data Practices the Minnesota Government data Practices Act<00:12:58.600
  • data practices is affects government data practices is supposed<00:14:50.639> to<00:14:50.720
Keywords: 1183, house
Summary: The Judiciary Finance and Civil Law Committee met for an introductory session focused on committee organization, staff roles, and an overview of the committee’s jurisdiction. Members and staff introduced themselves, and the chair explained that one member was absent due to a meeting with the governor. House fiscal staff member John Walls reviewed the committee’s budget spreadsheet and explained the agencies under the committee’s jurisdiction, including the Supreme Court, Board of Civil Legal Aid, Court of Appeals, district courts, Guardian ad Litem Board, Tax Court, Uniform Laws Commission, Board of Judicial Standards, Board of Public Defense, Human Rights Commission, Office of Appellate Counsel and Training, and the Competency Restoration Board. He also explained how fiscal notes work and how costs or revenue impacts are tracked for bills. Nathan Hopkins then described the committee’s broad civil law jurisdiction, covering areas such as property, torts, contracts, civil rights, consumer protection, employment, family law, remedies, statutes of limitations, damages, burdens of proof, due process, and attorney general enforcement. He also outlined the committee’s role in government data practices under the Minnesota Government Data Practices Act, emphasizing the distinction between transparency and privacy and noting that bills affecting Chapter 13 are often re-referred to this committee. Ben Johnson added that he handles appropriations and court-related policy provisions, with most budget drafting expected later in the session. A member asked about the Competency Restoration Board, and Johnson explained that it was created to address cases involving criminal defendants found incompetent to proceed, with the goal of coordinating placements and services to restore competency rather than serving as long-term civil commitment. The chair also noted the importance of privacy and technology issues, mentioning past bipartisan work on body cameras, license plate readers, and drones. The meeting ended with a brief announcement about a law school for legislators program and an invitation to attend upcoming Zoom sessions, after which the committee adjourned.
FL

Florida 2025 Regular Session

Health Policy Mar 11th, 2025

Transcript Highlights:
  • And general Kerr recommended practices.
  • So we want to study that and see if there's better practices.
  • She will have 30 miles away, said a practice.
  • They're straight out of practice.
  • If they want to go and it's an expense set up a practice on their own or go join another practice.
Keywords: 999, senate, all
TX

Texas 89th Regular

Public Health Apr 21st, 2025

Public Health

Transcript Highlights:
  • And to clarify, there is a small exemption for practices of three physicians or less. in a practice of
  • Yeah, so imagine we have two... two separate practices, two separate sites, locations of our practice
  • about two separate practices merging.
  • page list of fees and the civil practice and remedies.
  • All right, to practice. To practice. Yes, ma'am. So.
TX

Texas 89th Regular

State Affairs (Part I) Apr 3rd, 2025

State Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • And of course, that was a violation of an AG opinion regarding the practice and of Texas law.
  • Chairman Hughes: And so, believing that these practices were unethical and unlawful, the doctor whistleblew
  • So free speech rights of course is good for doctors, but it's also good for the practice of medicine
  • So whistleblower protections in terms of things like corrupt practices, Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
  • Let's say a physician sees a practice, a medical practice taking place that he believes to be in violation
KY
Transcript Highlights:
  • <00:09:31.240> as that come through Private Practice as that come through Private Practice
  • I have eight practicing attorneys.
  • or those that are PR practicing or those that are PR practicing<00:15:14.519> and<00:15:14.680
  • <00:15:22.320> attorneys County I have eight practicing attorneys County I have eight practicing
  • <00:15:55.759> which engage in private practice which engage in private practice which offsets
Keywords: 958, all
Summary: The subcommittee met to discuss the guardian ad litem system, including appointment qualifications, training, payment, and whether any changes are needed. Roll was called, the February 25, 2025 minutes were approved, and the chair emphasized that the meeting was informational only and no vote would be taken. Representatives from the Court of Justice, including Chief Justice Deborah Henry Lambert and several family and district judges, testified about how the system has evolved since concerns raised in 2019 about overappointment and fees. Court witnesses said the judiciary responded to earlier concerns by requiring open appointment lists of trained and qualified attorneys, improving training, and increasing oversight of fee orders. They reported that statewide GAL fees have fallen from a little over $14 million in 2019 to about $12 million, even as caseloads have grown, and said the average payment works out to about $650 per case, with the statutory cap for trial-level GAL fees still set at $500 since 1986. They argued that the current local appointment model works well, especially in rural areas, and warned that moving to a DPA-style regional model would create serious scheduling and conflict problems because of overlapping dockets and related criminal cases. Judges from rural districts described shortages of available attorneys, high burnout, travel burdens, and the difficulty of finding enough counsel in smaller counties. They also said the Court of Justice cannot seek certain federal Title IV-E reimbursements, but urged the legislature to encourage the Finance and Administration Cabinet and the Cabinet for Health and Family Services to pursue that funding through an MOU. One judge noted that some appointed attorneys are effectively underpaid relative to private rates and that better compensation would help attract and retain lawyers. The discussion also covered training standards adopted after the 2019 audit. Witnesses said Rule 37 now requires initial training and four hours of multidisciplinary continuing training every two years, with topics including child development, trauma-informed care, substance use, child welfare, forensics, ethics, and communication with clients. They said the Court of Justice has offered in-person regional trainings and remote options, and that the goal is to keep qualified attorneys on the appointment lists while improving representation for children and parents in dependency, neglect, abuse, and termination-of-parental-rights cases.
MA

Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session

Joint Committee on Public Health Jun 21st, 2026 at 09:00 am

Joint Committee on Public Health

Transcript Highlights:
  • While perhaps uncommon, these practice exams... ...these practice exams, unrelated to the procedure that
  • for unconscious practice exams.
  • We train doctors who practice where they train.
  • They also can practice in acute care.
  • best practices.
Keywords: 995, all
Summary: The Joint Committee on Public Health held a hybrid hearing on a wide range of bills focused on patient safety, workforce development, health equity, and access to care. A major portion of the hearing centered on H. 2362/S. 1491, which would require health care providers to offer trained chaperones for sensitive exams. Sponsors and supporters said the bill is a common-sense safeguard prompted by cases of physician sexual abuse, and survivors gave emotional testimony describing grooming, isolation, and abuse during exams when no chaperone was present. Support also came from a health services researcher, a physician, and a RAINN representative, all arguing that trained chaperones and clearer documentation would improve transparency and protect patients. Committee members asked about clarifying who may serve as a chaperone and whether the bill would apply to other clinicians such as PTs and OTs. The committee also heard testimony on H. 2401/S. 1485, which would require explicit informed consent for certain educational exams performed on unconscious patients. The bill’s supporters said patients should know in advance if students or physicians will conduct non-medically necessary exams while they are under anesthesia, and that the measure would protect survivors from retraumatization. The hearing then moved to H. 2537, a primary care access bill. Health Care for All, the Massachusetts Medical Society, pediatric and internal medicine physicians, and a patient advocate described long waits, provider shortages, and difficulty finding primary care, especially for low-income people and people of color. They supported the bill’s proposed primary care spending target, payment reforms, Medicaid graduate medical education funding, and a commercial payment floor for health centers. Another set of bills addressed workforce and safety issues. H. 2397/S. 1593 would establish a nursing workforce center; nursing leaders said Massachusetts should make the current workforce council permanent to support data collection, apprenticeships, and long-term planning for the state’s largest health care workforce. H. 2396/S. 1535 would require safe patient handling and mobility programs in health facilities; nurses described serious injuries from lifting patients and said better equipment and programs would reduce staff injuries and improve patient outcomes. H. 2501/S. 1505 on LGBTQ+ health disparities drew support from a medical student and Doctors for America, who urged collection of sexual orientation and gender identity data to improve care and school outcomes. Finally, H. 2448/S. 1522 on patient safety and equitable access to care drew strong support from nursing organizations and individual nurses who described unsafe staffing, burnout, and patient harm, while the Massachusetts Association of Behavioral Health Systems opposed the bill as redundant for psychiatric facilities already regulated by the Department of Mental Health.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Committee on Health and Human Services - 03/06/25

Health and Human Services

Transcript Highlights:
  • These delays have been allowed to practice, and there's delays in patients from getting care.
  • Certified midwives have been practicing in some states for upwards of 30 years.
  • Certified midwives have been practicing in some states for upwards of 30 years.
  • Certified midwives have been practicing in some states for upwards of 30 years.
  • <00:10:52.959> for midwif fre scope of practice for midwif fre scope of practice for certified
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Floor Session 2/20/25

Minnesota House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • <00:10:10.160> Act approach of the data Practices Act approach of the data Practices Act restoring
  • of money to deal with data practices of money to deal with data practices requests<00:15:43.000>
  • budget to deal with any data practice budget to deal with any data practice requests<00:16:31.040
  • It doesn't create any additional data practice requests.
  • or 1365 which is the the data practices or 1365 which is the the data practices section<00:56:26.039
Keywords: 1183, house
MA

Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session

Joint Committee on Financial Services Jun 21st, 2026 at 10:00 am

Joint Committee on Financial Services

Transcript Highlights:
  • I am a co-owner of a medium-sized family medicine practice in Arlington.
  • As a practicing family physician and co-owner of my practice, I can speak firsthand about how unreasonable
  • That is not a typical practice. Captain of Carrick. Thank you.
  • So Massachusetts has removed all barriers and restrictions to scope of practice for all advanced practice
  • We are a direct primary care practice.
Keywords: 995, all
Summary: The committee held a hearing on several health care access and insurance-related bills, with most testimony focused on H.1136 to improve the prior authorization process. The Massachusetts Medical Society, Massachusetts Health and Hospital Association, Health Care for All, the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, physicians, and hospital representatives all supported the bill, arguing that prior authorization delays care, increases administrative burden, contributes to clinician burnout, and can worsen patient outcomes. Witnesses described examples involving delayed cancer treatment, diabetes care, COPD medication, shingles pain treatment, and hospital discharge delays. They said the bill would preserve prior authorization but add guardrails such as longer validity periods, continuity-of-care protections, faster responses for urgent care, clearer lists of services requiring authorization, and more transparency and standardization. The committee also heard testimony on H.1142/S.783 regarding equitable reimbursement for certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs), with Senator Lovely and CRNA advocates supporting parity with physician anesthesiologists. They said CRNAs provide the same services at the same standard of care, but private insurers sometimes reimburse them at lower rates than physicians, which they argued is inconsistent with federal and state policy and harms access. Senator Keenan testified in support of a bill addressing claim denials and appeals, saying insurers should provide clearer explanations, time to resubmit claims, and timely appeal responses. Dr. Lorraine Schratz supported H.1126 to align state patient disclosure requirements with federal No Surprises Act rules, and Dr. Michael Trimbley supported H.1120 to recognize direct primary care as not being insurance and to encourage primary care participation. The committee also heard testimony on H.1140/S.801 to remove barriers to patient care by updating insurance statutes to reflect nurse practitioners’ full practice authority, and on H.1168/S.A.18 to eliminate the PCP referral requirement for specialty gynecological care. Witnesses on those bills described delays and denials affecting autism diagnosis, nutrition coverage, and endometriosis care, and said the proposals would reduce unnecessary barriers and improve timely access. After testimony and a few member questions, the chair closed the hearing; no votes were taken during the session.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Agriculture Finance and Policy Committee 3/17/25

Agriculture Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:
  • institution's best management practices institution's best management practices for<00:41:19.400
  • do um GIS map and track all practices do um GIS map and track all practices implemented<00:43:09.680
  • wants to know the outcomes of a practice wants to know the outcomes of a practice or<00:43:19.440
  • <00:45:51.319> um adoption of conservation practices um adoption of conservation practices
  • It's not going to pay for a practice.
FL
Transcript Highlights:
  • . >> Chair Trumbull: NEXT WE MOVE TO TAB 2, SENATE BILL 294 ON PHARMACY PRACTICES FOR PRODUCT HEALTH
  • PHARMACY PRACTICE PRINCIPLES ACT AND AT THAT POINT RECOGNIZE VARIOUS CONDITIONS THAT IT WAS A VERY GOOD
  • PHYSICIANS AND PHARMACISTS HAVE BEEN ENTERING INTO COLLABORATIVE PRACTICE AGREEMENTS OR CHRONIC HEALTH
  • THERE IS NO NEED TO LIMIT PRACTICES FOR MODERN PATIENT CENTERED CARE WHICH CAN LOWER HOSPITALIZATIONS
  • MY NAME IS MARIO LOPEZ, CARDIOLOGIST PRACTICING IN CHARLOTTE COUNTY SOUTHWEST FLORIDA FOR 37 YEARS.
Keywords: 999, senate, all
NH

New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session

Senate Health and Human Services (03/12/2025)

Health and Human Services

Transcript Highlights:
  • <00:11:01.760> of medications and overall uh practice of medications and overall uh practice
  • how they couldn't leave their practice how they couldn't leave their practice to<00:16:56.199>
  • a reasonable practice in the practice<00:19:36.159> of<00:19:36.320> medicine<00:19:36.760
  • > that<00:19:36.880> if<00:19:37.000> your practice of medicine that if your practice
  • to put some rules around this practice to put some rules around this practice uh uh uh and<00:22
Keywords: 1191, senate, all
NH

New Hampshire 2026 Regular Session

Senate Health and Human Services (02/11/2026)

Health and Human Services

Transcript Highlights:
  • How would your practice change? How would your practice change?
  • They're wellness practices.
  • alternative about these practices. alternative about these practices.
  • <01:37:59.280> Early a practical necessity. Early a practical necessity.
  • I own my own practice.
Keywords: 1191, senate, all
MN

Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session

Legislative Commission on Data Practices 12/11/25

Minnesota House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • practices act can be extremely costly. practices act can be extremely costly.
  • is to respond to data practices is to respond to data practices requests. requests. requests.
  • mine who's an expert on data practices mine who's an expert on data practices laws
  • as a practical matter.
  • Practice principles.
Keywords: 1183, house
KY
Transcript Highlights:
  • that they felt in these type practices. that they felt in these type practices.
  • and to my practice of medicine.
  • This may not affect your practice. We don't do legislation just for your practice.
  • And there are a lot of practices that this will affect, but it may not affect your practice.
  • Chairman, I'd like to ... uh to continue to practice. Thank you. uh to continue to practice.
Keywords: 958, all
Summary: The Senate Standing Committee on Health Services met with a quorum and first moved through administrative regulations without comment. The committee then heard Senate Bill 56, sponsored by Senator Gerald Neal, which would require Medicaid and its managed care entities to treat non-opioid pain medications on equal footing with opioid analgesics by prohibiting more restrictive coverage controls, prior authorization, or step therapy for non-opioids. Neal argued the bill would improve access to safer pain treatment options and reduce the risk of opioid use disorder, and Billy O'Brien of Young People in Recovery testified in support, describing personal experiences where non-opioid options were difficult to obtain despite a desire to avoid opioids. After discussion, the bill received a motion and second and passed the committee on a 10-0 vote. The committee then took up Senate Bill 72, sponsored by Senator Don Douglas and presented with Greg Chaffin of Alliance Defending Freedom. Douglas described the bill as a provider recruitment and retention measure intended to protect health care workers from being compelled to act against their conscience and to address workforce shortages and pressure in health care settings. He said the bill would protect individual beliefs while maintaining professionalism. A large number of witnesses then testified, and the chair limited public comments to two minutes each because of the number of speakers and the controversy surrounding the bill. Most public testimony opposed SB 72. Speakers including representatives of the Kentucky Council of Churches, a psychologist, an ordained minister and nurse, a nurse practitioner, and an ACLU policy strategist argued the bill was overly broad, could allow refusals of care by a wide range of health care workers, and could delay or deny treatment, especially for vulnerable patients and in rural or emergency settings. Several cited concerns about discrimination, patient safety, and the lack of adequate protections for patients. One witness recounted the death of an 18-year-old pregnant patient as an example of the harm that can result from delayed care. The transcript ends during additional testimony on SB 72, before any committee vote or final action on that bill is shown.
KY
Transcript Highlights:
  • <00:09:14.560> that cohesive evidence-based practices that cohesive evidence-based practices
  • probably have heard about the practice probably have heard about the practice assessments.<00:42
  • Now you can practice.
  • keeping the practice. keeping the practice.
  • <00:59:53.040> chairs, practice is the answer. So, Mr. chairs, practice is the answer.
Summary: The committee heard a presentation from KDE on the revised Kentucky academic standards for reading and writing. KDE explained the statutory six-year review process, the public comment periods, and the main revisions, including updates tied to the science of reading, decodable text, encoding/decoding, and an updated vision statement. KDE said 308 responses were received on the initial public comment, most respondents favored keeping standards as-is, and about 12% of standards were revised. The department also said the document was streamlined by removing repeated graphics and reducing its size by about 24%, and that a later comment period drew more than 400 responses. No new standards were flagged for review. Members asked about alignment between standards, curriculum, assessments, and NAEP, and KDE said instructional resources should be aligned to standards, KSA assessments are aligned to the standards, and screeners/diagnostics help identify student needs. Representative Truett raised the idea of a textbook-to-standards crosswalk, and KDE said publishers and a future repository partner should provide such crosswalks for local districts. Representative Bojanowski asked why foundational reading skills are not directly assessed on the third-grade KSA; KDE responded that the assessment is designed to measure end-of-grade expectations, while screening and diagnostics are used earlier to identify decoding needs. Representative Gel asked about early childhood supports, and KDE said it is working with early learning and special education offices and promoting LETRS professional learning for both teachers and preschool educators. The committee then received the mathematics improvement committee report. KDE said the mathematics committee unanimously approved a new strategic plan for improving math achievement from pre-K through grade 20 and adult education. The plan centers on six priorities: student empowerment, effective mathematics teaching and learning, continuous educator development and growth, a continuum of learning, community and family partnerships, and teacher recruitment and retention. KDE said the plan is intended as a living document with goals, recommended actions, and evidence bases, and that it aligns with the Kentucky Numeracy Counts Act by supporting high-quality instructional resources, professional learning, and family resources. In response to Senator Thomas, KDE explained that the professional learning recommendation means districts should tailor teacher training to classroom needs and instructional materials so math teachers are better equipped to implement standards and support students.
FL

Florida 2025 Regular Session

March 24, 2025 - 04:00 PM

Transcript Highlights:
  • House Bill 649, autonomous practices by CRNAs.
  • Vice Chair, House Bill 649, Autonomous Practices by CRNAs.
  • Nursing Practice in Nurse Anesthesiology program at USF.
  • There are really only five states that have true independent practice.
  • We can argue about scope of practice and whether this is it or it isn't.
Summary: The Health and Human Services Committee heard a lengthy agenda of health care and public health bills. The first major item was HB 649, which would remove the paper supervision protocol for certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs) and allow autonomous practice. The sponsor and supporters argued it would improve access, especially in rural areas, address workforce shortages, and reduce costs, while opponents from the medical community raised patient safety concerns and argued it would weaken physician oversight. After extensive testimony and debate, the committee reported the bill favorably by a vote of 18-7. The committee then unanimously advanced several other measures. HB 259, creating a special observance for fentanyl awareness and education, passed 23-0. HB 791, which codifies infant safety devices as an option for surrendering newborns and amends safe-haven law, passed as amended 25-0. HB 355, allowing schools to use FDA-approved emergency opioid antagonists rather than only naloxone, passed 26-0. HB 1119, requiring hospitals with emergency departments to adopt pediatric readiness policies, training, coordination, and assessment requirements, also passed 26-0 after two amendments. HB 431, changing the date for level-two background screening of athletic coaches to July 1, 2026, passed 26-0. Later, the committee approved CS for HB 907, the Florida Institute for Pediatric Rare Diseases or “Sunshine Genetics Act,” which would establish an opt-in newborn genome sequencing program at FSU and a statewide consortium for rare disease research; supporters emphasized earlier diagnosis and cost savings, and the bill passed 25-0. CS for HB 519, aligning state law with federal law on controlled substances for paramedics, passed 25-0. Finally, CS for HB 723, requiring the Department of Health to provide early-detection materials for type 1 diabetes to families of young schoolchildren, passed as amended 26-0. The meeting adjourned after all bills were reported favorably.
HI
Transcript Highlights:
  • practice practice um<00:46:14.400> the<00:46:14.559> experience<00:46:15.160> of
  • And how many of the J-1 teachers go through a practice... sure it is due to the practice test it sure
  • because like some of you said practice because like some of you said practice can<01:09:07.279><
  • Practice is not the requirement.
  • Not all use the practice test.
Keywords: 910, house, all
Summary: The committee heard testimony on HB 627, which concerns Department of Education school safety funding and staffing. DOE said the bill would restore two positions and related funding that had been removed from the governor’s budget: a targeted violence prevention and threat assessment program manager and a security technology manager. DOE described ongoing work on school vulnerability assessments, fire suppression measures, security camera research, panic buttons, and active shooter prevention training. Testifiers from DOE, the Department of Law Enforcement, fire services, HSTA, and an individual witness all supported the bill, with the individual citing a past school shooting experience as a reason to increase school resource officers and safety measures. Members asked about the positions’ duties, how the request differed from existing security funding, and the status of active shooter training; DOE said it would provide more information on training statistics. The committee then took up HB 249, relating to Executive Office on Early Learning family child interaction learning programs. The Early Learning Board, EOEL, Commit to Kids, Early Childhood Action Strategies, Partners in Development Foundation, and others testified in support. EOEL said it currently spends about $800,000 annually on FCI program contracts and supports expanding state funding for FCIL programs, including infant and early childhood mental health, if the appropriation covers the broader scope. Testifiers emphasized that FCIL programs are trauma-informed, evidence-based, and help families and children, with one provider sharing a long-term example of a parent and child benefiting from the program. Members asked how many programs are supported, whether FCIL exists on all islands, and whether the request was in the governor’s budget; EOEL said the expansion was requested by the office but not included in the governor’s budget. HB 429, concerning pre-K expansion, drew broad support from the Lieutenant Governor, EOEL, HSTA, and community groups. Supporters said the Ready Keiki initiative has already opened more than 50 classrooms and would add another 50 over the next two years, including Hawaiian immersion classrooms. EOEL said it currently administers 72 public pre-K classrooms across 74 campuses and that the bill’s funding was included in the governor’s budget request. Testimony stressed kindergarten readiness, affordability for working families, equity across islands, and inclusion classrooms. Members asked about national quality benchmarks, with EOEL stating Hawaii meets 10 of 10 benchmarks and that only five states had done so at the time referenced. The Lieutenant Governor also described construction and delivery efforts, including refurbishing existing classrooms, modular options, possible use of state buildings, and even collaboration with libraries to expand child care access. Finally, the committee heard HB 439 on J-1 teacher licensure. DOE supported the bill, while the Hawaii Teacher Standards Board opposed it, arguing licensure standards are not place-based and should remain rigorous and uniform for all educators. The Attorney General’s office offered technical comments, including replacing “educators” with “teacher” and clarifying the bill’s language on issuance and renewal conditions. Several organizations and individuals testified in support, including school, cultural, business, and educator groups. One witness, a teacher from the Philippines, said J-1 educators are highly qualified and described the rigor of teacher preparation in the Philippines. No votes were taken in the portion of the meeting provided.