Video & Transcript Research : 'remote appearance'
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HI
Transcript Highlights:
- Medicare dually eligible members across all islands, including kūpuna and residents in rural and remote
- Medicare dually eligible members across all islands, including kūpuna and residents in rural and remote
- Cure Oahu appeared on Zoom, and Mioko Thee said, at this point, she thought she had missed anyone in
Summary:
The House Health Committee held its first hearing of 2025, with Chair Greg Takayama and Vice Chair Representative Leoy opening the meeting and outlining housekeeping rules, including a two-minute limit for testifiers and Zoom etiquette. The committee first heard HB 303 on health care preceptors. The Department of Health, Department of Taxation, University of Hawaiʻi, Hawaii State Center for Nursing, and several health care organizations supported the bill, saying the existing preceptor tax credit program has been successful and that expanding eligibility to additional professions and students would help address workforce shortages. In response to questions, the Department of Health said the annual tax credit cap is $1.5 million, about 650 to 670 credits are currently used each year, and the bill applies only to unpaid preceptors. The committee then moved on to HB 441, which would raise cigarette taxes. The Attorney General, Department of Health, University of Hawaiʻi Cancer Center, Hawaii Public Health Institute, American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network, and others supported the measure as a way to reduce smoking, especially among youth, and to support tobacco control and cancer-related programs. Opponents, including the Taxpayers Protection Alliance and the Cigar Association of Hawaii, argued the tax is regressive and unreliable as a revenue source. The Department of Health noted the last cigarette tax increase was in 2011, and one witness urged a larger increase than proposed. No vote was taken on either bill in the portion of the hearing provided.
The committee also heard HB 557 on telehealth. The Department of Health supported the bill so long as it did not displace executive budget priorities, and the Hawaii State Health Planning and Development Agency and Hawaii Primary Care Association supported it. HPCA said the bill would conform state insurance law to recent Medicare changes expanding audio-only telehealth coverage beyond mental health services, and it emphasized access for rural residents, kupuna, and people with disabilities. HMSA opposed the bill as written, saying it strayed from the intent of Act 107 and that audio-only telehealth should remain limited because of quality-of-care concerns, though it supported continued access and asked for a different amendment approach. A telehealth provider also testified that payment disparities limit provider expansion and that audio-only access remains important for patients with serious illness. The hearing ended in the excerpt before any committee action or vote on HB 557.
MN
Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session
House Elections Finance and Government Operations Committee 3/5/25
Elections Finance and Government Operations
Transcript Highlights:
- There's been the appearance of totally avoiding the procedures that are in our laws.
- Gentlemen and ladies, we have a Zoom remote, so we can ask Representative...
- rules but also uh know or respect the rules but also after<01:19:48.320>
it <01:19:48.520>appears - in<01:19:49.080>
this <01:19:49.280>language <01:19:49.760>after after it appears - in this language after after it appears in this language after the<01:19:50.600>
um the um the
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- need you to do this: if you'll remember to state your name, and then you've registered either as appearing
- That is the fact that you have to appear, that the state has to prove.
- The first are bench warrants for folks who do not appear on citations.
- The first are bench warrants for folks who do not appear on citations because they cannot pay them and
- So it says a provider of electronic communication service or a provider of remote computing service may
Summary:
The committee first took up House Bill 2777 by Representative Rose, which would bar the death penalty for defendants who can prove by clear and convincing evidence that they had schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and active psychotic symptoms at the time of the offense. Rose said the bill would still hold defendants accountable through life without parole, would save money by avoiding lengthy capital litigation, and would address cases where severe mental illness was not adequately considered. Supporters from NAMI Texas, the Catholic bishops, and a forensic psychologist said the bill is narrowly tailored, consistent with neuroscience and moral principles, and would prevent executions of people whose psychosis substantially impaired reality testing. Committee members questioned how the bill interacts with existing competency and insanity law, whether the diagnosis is sufficiently defined, and whether the statute requires active psychosis at the time of the offense. An opponent argued the death penalty should remain available for juries to decide in all cases. The bill was left pending.
The committee then heard House Bill 1221 by Representative Lozano, which would raise the cap on pretrial intervention program fees from $500 to $1,200. Lozano and a district attorney witness said the increase is needed because program costs have risen and the fees help make diversion programs self-sustaining, allowing first-time or low-level offenders to complete rehabilitation and potentially obtain expunction. Opponents from the Texas Fair Defense Project argued the higher fee could make diversion unaffordable for indigent defendants and undermine an important alternative to incarceration, especially where related supervision and monitoring costs already add up. Members discussed whether the fee applies only to PTI participants, how payment plans and waivers work, and whether ability to pay should be addressed more explicitly. The bill was left pending.
Finally, the committee heard House Bill 1738 by Representative Jones, which would repeal Penal Code Section 21.06 and related Health and Safety Code references concerning homosexual conduct. Jones said the law is unconstitutional under Lawrence v. Texas, remains harmful on the books, and has led to confusion and unnecessary costs even though it is unenforceable. Supporters said the bill simply removes outdated language and protects civil liberties, while opponents from Texas Values argued the statute still serves as a statement that homosexual conduct is unacceptable and should remain as a warning, even if unenforceable. Members debated whether the law’s remaining language is merely symbolic or still harmful, and whether other criminal statutes already cover conduct such as prostitution, incest, and offenses involving minors. The bill was left pending after testimony.
NH
Transcript Highlights:
- <03:05:29.560>
Luke <03:05:29.920>may <03:05:30.080>not <03:05:30.279>appear - <03:05:30.680>
his Turner syndrome Luke may not appear his Turner syndrome Luke may not appear - There was another thing that stood out to me in my search for a surgeon: there were none even remotely
- ><05:36:24.480>
were <05:36:24.680>none <05:36:25.080>even <05:36:25.320>remotely - surgeon there were none even remotely surgeon there were none even remotely close<05:36:26.040><
NH
New Hampshire 2026 Regular Session
House Education Policy and Administration (01/12/2026)
Education Policy and Administration
Transcript Highlights:
- This appears to to administrative rules.
- So, it appears to me, and I wasn't involved in the drafting of this bill, but just reading it, it appears
- So, it appears to me, and you may absolutely correct me if I am incorrect, it appears to me that all
- So, it appears to me >> Thank you so much.
- It appears to me me if I am incorrect.
MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
Joint Committee on Revenue Jun 21st, 2026 at 10:00 am
Joint Committee on Revenue
Transcript Highlights:
- Remote? Yes, I'm virtually. Hopefully you can hear me. Yes, please go ahead.
Summary:
The Joint Committee on Revenue held a public hearing on bills related to transportation, telecommunications, and utilities, with Senators Eldridge, Rausch, and Jehlen and House members including Co-Chair Madaro, Leader Donato, Representatives Paulino, Wells, Gómez, and Plouffe present. The chairs reviewed hearing procedures, deadlines for written testimony, and the new joint rules governing action on bills. No votes were taken; the hearing was for testimony only and was adjourned after public comment.
Testimony began with strong support for Senate Bill 1998 and House Bill 3230, An Act Enhancing Renewable Heating Solutions for the Commonwealth. A representative of the Coalition for Renewable Natural Gas said the bill would help decarbonize heating by allowing utilities to use renewable natural gas and other qualified renewable fuels, while also supporting jobs and local economic development. The committee then heard support for House Bill 4082, which would make the Title V septic tax credit refundable; the Falmouth Water Quality Management Committee said this would better help lower- and middle-income homeowners facing costly septic upgrades or sewer connections in nitrogen-sensitive coastal areas.
The committee also heard opposition to House Bill 4080 and Senate Bill 1924 from the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association, which argued that higher aviation fuel taxes would not be justified without a clear aeronautical use for the revenue and noted federal restrictions on aviation fuel tax proceeds. In contrast, a coalition opposing private jet expansion supported Senate Bill 1924, saying a higher jet fuel tax would better align tax policy with climate and public health goals and help address aviation emissions. Finally, the Metropolitan Area Planning Council supported House Bill 3050 on regional ballot initiatives, arguing that local revenue tools could help cities and towns fund transportation projects and reduce pressure on state transportation dollars.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Minnesota House repasses HF4492, READ Act modifications 5/17/26
Minnesota House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- The clerk will call the names of the members participating remotely. Berkel, I.
Summary:
The House received a message from the Senate returning House File 4492, an act relating to veterans, with amendments and requesting concurrence. Representative Bliss moved to concur, and members discussed the bill as a combination of veterans-related provisions and changes to Minnesota’s READ Act and literacy law.
Representative Mueller and Representative Clardy explained that the bill includes technical READ Act changes, expanded disability access language to better serve deaf and hard-of-hearing students, revisions involving dyslexia-related language, transparency in ongoing literacy material review, and a timeline adjustment after the Department of Education did not complete phase two work on time. Clardy described the literacy provisions as requiring universities to develop programs to better prepare teacher candidates to teach reading using science-based methods. Representative Jordan added that the bill also provides high school diplomas to veterans of the Korean and Vietnam wars who did not previously receive one because of their service.
The House approved concurrence, then took up third reading of the bill as amended by the Senate. After further brief remarks urging a green vote, the roll was called and the bill passed unanimously, 134 ayes and 0 nays. The bill was repassed as amended by the Senate, its title was agreed to, and the House then adopted a recess motion to the call of the speaker.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Floor Session 4/28/26 - Part 1
Minnesota House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- The chief clerk will now call the name of the member voting remotely. >> Mani Hiltsley. >> Here you go
Summary:
The House met, opened with silent reflection and the Pledge of Allegiance, and the clerk confirmed a quorum was present. The journal from the previous day was approved as corrected, standing committee reports and comparison report substitutions were adopted without objection, and several House and Senate files received second or first readings. House files 1082, 3230, 3532, 3732, 4196, and 4252 were read a second time, along with Senate File 4807, and House Files 5090 through 5098 were introduced and given first reading.
The chamber also received a Senate message announcing the appointment of a joint committee to escort Governor Tim Walz to the House chamber for the upcoming joint convention on April 28, 2026. The Senate transmitted four bills—SF 1714, SF 2814, SF 3210, and SF 2432—which were each paired with a House file on the general register and referred to the chief clerk for comparison without objection. The bills were described generally as relating to state government, real estate appraisers, human rights, and public safety.
A report from the Committee on Rules and Legislative Administration designated several bills for the calendar for Thursday, April 30, 2026, and imposed a pre-filing requirement for amendments on specified House and Senate files. Non-controversial motions were adopted without objection, and Representative Niska moved a recess to the call of the Speaker. The motion prevailed, and the House stood in recess.
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- The following members intend to vote from a remote location pursuant to Rule 40.7: Carlson and Latz.
Summary:
The Senate convened under call, completed prayer and the pledge, and the secretary confirmed a quorum was present. The chamber then adopted the committee reports and gave second reading to Senate Files 3589, 3597, 1251, 3402, and 3644. On the introduction calendar, Senate File 4065 was noted as being referred to the Committee on Transportation.
During motions and resolutions, the Senate approved several committee re-referrals: SF 2634 was moved from Education Policy to Education Finance, SF 3238 from State and Local Government to Human Services, SF 3755 from Health and Human Services to Human Services, SF 3780 from Health and Human Services to Human Services, and SF 3946 from Judiciary and Public Safety to Transportation. In each case, the author or sponsoring senator said the change had been discussed with the relevant committee chairs, and the motions prevailed without recorded opposition.
Under announcements, Senator Pappas invited members to the retiring room for the annual Purim hamantaschen cookie. The Senate then adjourned on motion of Senator Murphy until Wednesday, March 4, at 11:00 a.m.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Minnesota House passes HF2443/SF2216*, the commerce policy and finance bill 4/29/25
Minnesota House Floor Meeting
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- the role. role [Incomplete audio/text fragment] The clerk will take the role of the members voting remotely
Summary:
The House opened with prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, and a personal privilege statement from a member who spoke about the fatal shooting of his cousin, U.S. Border Patrol Agent David Chrismland, in Vermont. The member described Chrismland’s military and law enforcement service and requested a moment of silence, which the House observed. A quorum was then established, and the Journal of the previous day was approved without objection. Standing committee and division reports were also adopted without objection.
The House then received first reading of House Files 11 through 193 and took up a large set of non-controversial motions and resolutions. One resolution offered by Representative Nisa addressed the absence of the 66 DFL members from the chamber and urged the Governor to enforce the law and direct the State Patrol and Sergeant at Arms to secure the absent members so the House could continue its work. Nisa said the House needed to restore order and complete the budget. Representative McDonald supported the resolution, saying Democrats needed to return so the House could do the business of Minnesotans.
The resolution was adopted by voice vote. The House then approved a motion to adjourn until 3:30 p.m. Thursday, January 23, 2025, and subsequently adjourned on that schedule.
KY
Kentucky 2026 Regular Session
House Standing Committee on Primary and Secondary Education. (2-4-26)
Primary and Secondary Education
Transcript Highlights:
- To accomplish this, we code our robot to move based on driver inputs using a remote control.
- move based on driver inputs using<00:08:35.279>
a <00:08:35.599>a <00:08:35.919>remote - using a a remote control. using a a remote control.
Summary:
The committee first heard House Bill 44, sponsored by Representative Chris Lewis, which would create a robotics program trust fund and a robotics funding selection committee through the Kentucky Department of Education. Supporters, including Kentucky First Robotics executive director Kelly Gowen and students from Whitfield Academy, said the bill would expand hands-on robotics education in high schools, connect students to manufacturing and engineering careers, and help meet workforce needs. The proposal would fund grants for coach stipends, competition fees, kits, supplies, and related expenses, and Lewis requested a one-time $500,000 appropriation along with private contributions from manufacturers. The students demonstrated their robot and described how robotics programs teach coding, design, manufacturing, and competition skills. The committee took no questions and approved HB 44 with a favorable expression of opinion for passage on the House floor.
The committee then considered House Bill 253, sponsored by Representative James Tipton, which would phase out the use of three-cueing reading instruction and require greater alignment with the science of reading. Tipton said the bill builds on the 2022 Read to Succeed law and would prohibit three cueing in public schools by the 2029-2030 school year, while also barring public university teacher prep programs from teaching it beginning in 2027-2028. He and Kentucky Department of Education officials said the bill is intended to shift instruction toward phonemic awareness, phonics, vocabulary, fluency, and comprehension, and to expand professional learning for teachers through LETRS and other options. KDE testified that enforcement would focus on support rather than punishment, using literacy coaches, regional support staff, and MTSS specialists to help districts transition.
Members discussed the bill’s delayed implementation, the evidence against three cueing, and whether reading recovery should be excluded from approved interventions. Supporters cited studies and brain research they said show three cueing can hurt later reading performance, while several members emphasized the need for teacher flexibility and support. Representative Jackson noted Kentucky’s 2025 NAEP third-grade reading ranking of fourth in the nation as evidence that current efforts are helping. Representative Truett and others raised concerns about how the bill would affect classroom practice and intervention strategies, and Tipton and KDE said the goal is to align instruction with evidence-based methods rather than punish educators. The transcript ends during continued discussion of reading recovery and related instructional approaches, with no final vote on HB 253 shown in the excerpt.
KY
Kentucky 2025 Regular Session
Interim Joint Committee on Licensing, Occupations, & Administrative Regulations (9-25-25)
Transcript Highlights:
- In this manner, there will be continued availability of counselor training both remotely and conveniently
- counselor continued availability of counselor training<00:59:36.160>
both <00:59:36.400>remotely - training both remotely and conveniently. training both remotely and conveniently.
Summary:
The committee approved the minutes from its August 21 meeting and then received an update from Kentucky Horse Racing and Gaming Corporation leadership on implementation of Senate Bill 299 and House Bill 566. Jamie Eids and staff described the agency’s new structure after charitable gaming was brought under the corporation, including new divisions, staffing, banking, payroll, insurance, procurement, and reporting systems. They also unveiled the corporation’s new logo and tagline, and said the transition had been designed to avoid interruption for charities, licensees, and racing operations.
A major focus was the fee structure required by House Bill 566. Eids outlined current licensing fees across racing, sports wagering, and charitable gaming, compared Kentucky’s fees with other states, and recommended keeping the status quo for one more year because the agency has only recently brought all three components fully in-house. Members asked about whether charitable gaming had harmed veterans’ groups or other nonprofits, whether any revenue should be transferred back to the state, and whether the charitable gaming licenses cover one-off raffles as well as standing operations. Eids said she had not heard complaints, said the licenses include all such activity with some exemptions, and agreed to look at the question of future transfers.
The committee then heard from Melissa Combs Wright on pari-mutuel wagering and Hannah Sims on sports wagering. They reported continued growth in historical horse racing, more than $11 billion in total pari-mutuel wagering in fiscal year 2025, over $10.5 billion in HHR wagers, and about $161 million in pari-mutuel tax revenue, with most of that supporting the general fund and horse-breeding development funds. They also said sports wagering has generated nearly $5 billion in wagers since launch, $73 million for the public pension fund, and more than $2 million for problem gambling services, while expanding to 13 retail locations and 92 additional sports events. Members raised concerns about players being cut off after winning, the lack of local government revenue sharing from gaming facilities, and the growth of computer-assisted wagering; the witnesses said they were reviewing CAWs and that Kentucky does not license poker rooms through the corporation.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Minnesota House honors former Rep. Mary Murphy 4/21/25
Minnesota House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- [Music] The clerk will call the names of the members participating remotely. Hill. Go for it. Hill.
- The clerk will call the names of the members<01:14:55.440>
participating <01:14:56.080>remotely - members participating remotely members participating remotely Hill.<01:14:58.960>
Go <01:14
NH
New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session
Senate Health and Human Services (03/26/2025)
Health and Human Services
Transcript Highlights:
- receive completely comparable care at home as to being in the hospital through the use of telehealth remote
- ><00:23:42.200>
of <00:23:42.360>telea <00:23:42.720>Health <00:23:43.559>remote - <00:23:43.960>
patient the use of telea Health remote patient the use of telea Health remote
WY
Wyoming 2026 Regular Session
Select Committee on School Finance Recalibration, June 24, 2026 - AM
Select Committee on School Finance Recalibration
LA
Transcript Highlights:
- where they described in pretty stark terms how the takeover of critical infrastructure could occur remotely
- So what this bill gets at is preventing ...of critical infrastructure could occur remotely.
- what this bill gets at is preventing the takeover of critical infrastructure that might occur less remotely
Bills:
HB1163, HB1168, HR252, HR253, HCR103, HCR108, SB80, SB131, SB251, SB254, SB279, SB384, SB414, SB468, SB469, SB496
Keywords:
fireworks, retail sales, fire safety, legislation, holiday celebrations, construction standards, precast concrete, DOTD, building regulations, minimum requirements, public projects, private projects, consumer protection, credit card fees, cash transactions, rounding practices, transparency, low-income, economic impact, residential construction
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Minnesota House passes bill requiring safeguards for underage social media users - Pt. 2 5/12/26
Minnesota House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- . >> The clerk will call the names of the members voting remotely. >> Mmani Hilsley, I. >> Mmani Hilsley
- Seeing none, the clerk will take the role. >> The clerk will call the names of the members voting remotely
- The clerk will call the name of the member voting remotely. >> Mani Hilsley. >> [clears throat] >> Mmani
Summary:
The House took up House File 4138, a bill aimed at limiting harmful social media features for children and requiring social media companies to report potential mass-shooting threats to the BCA. Members first reconsidered and then adopted the Smith amendment (A13), while a proposed amendment to that amendment (A18) failed on a 67-67 tie. Representative Bonner then introduced a technical amendment (A14) but withdrew it after explaining it needed further work to avoid liability and legal problems. The bill was then read for third reading as amended.
Debate centered on the bill’s approach to child safety online. Supporters, including Representatives Scott, Eng, Feist, Greenman, and Gilman, argued that social media is addictive, harmful to children’s mental health, and too often exploits kids, and they said the bill is an important bipartisan first step. Several members also emphasized that parents should be involved, though some questioned whether parents can realistically understand the technology and legal terms well enough to make informed decisions. Representative Leeing raised concerns about location privacy, parental consent, possible liability waivers, and whether the bill should instead restrict addictive features for all children rather than only those whose parents consent.
The discussion also broadened to related public-safety issues. Representative Greenman contrasted the difficulty of advancing this bill with the Legislature’s inability to move gun-related provisions, arguing that organized interests like the gun lobby and big tech are blocking stronger protections for children. Representative Bonner later described specific cases of children harmed through social media, including sextortion and fentanyl-related deaths, to argue that the bill does not yet cover all vulnerable youth and should be strengthened. No final vote on passage is included in the transcript excerpt, but the amended bill advanced to third reading.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Minnesota House passes housing supplemental finance and policy bill 5/4/26
Minnesota House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- The clerk will call the names of the members voting remotely.
- The clerk will call the names of the members voting remotely. >> Bliss. >> Bliss votes no. >> Hussein
- The clerk will call the name of the members voting remotely. Bliss votes aye. Hussein votes aye.
Summary:
The House took up House File 1141, the Minnesota Housing Finance Agency supplemental budget bill. Representative Howard described it as a bipartisan housing package aimed at addressing Minnesota’s housing shortage by funding housing infrastructure bonds, Greater Minnesota workforce housing, homeowner education, a senior housing pilot, and family homelessness assistance and prevention. He said the bill is budget-neutral, using unspent interest earnings and other redirected funds, and includes transparency and accountability reforms for MHFA. Several members spoke in support, emphasizing housing supply, affordability, and the need for more homes across the state.
The main floor debate centered on the Norris A6 amendment and the Igo A1 amendment to it. Norris proposed changing rent-increase limits in low-income housing tax credit properties from area median income to the lower of area median income or the consumer price index, arguing that seniors on fixed incomes were being priced out as rents rose faster than Social Security COLAs. Igo’s A1 amendment instead would have preempted cities, counties, and townships from adopting or renewing rent control ordinances statewide, with supporters arguing rent control harms development and affordability. Opponents said the proposal had not been fully vetted in committee and that public subsidies justify rent limits. Both the A1 amendment to the amendment and the underlying A6 amendment failed on tied 67-67 votes.
After the amendments were defeated, the bill received its third reading and further discussion. Howard and other supporters reiterated that the bill would help produce an estimated 2,000 to 2,200 housing units, with HIB-funded projects historically spread across the metro and Greater Minnesota. Members also highlighted the bill’s support for first-time homebuyers, manufactured housing, senior housing, and homelessness prevention. No final passage vote is shown in the transcript excerpt.
CA
Transcript Highlights:
- for sure, the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused significant challenges in teaching kids with a lot of remote
- for sure the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused significant challenges in teaching kids with a lot of remote
- instruction that they were not used to. in teaching kids with a lot of remote instruction that they
Summary:
The committee heard SB 1067, which would require annual math screening for kindergarten through second grade students beginning in 2028-29 to identify early numeracy difficulties and connect students to evidence-based supports. Senator Weber and supporters, including EdVoice, UC Davis researcher Charles Wilkes, and several education and community advocates, argued that California’s math performance is too low and that early screening would help close gaps before they widen. Opponents, including the California Mathematics Council, county superintendents, and the CTA, said the bill could narrow instruction, overemphasize deficit-based measures, and should instead be paired with stronger investments in teacher training and implementation of the California Mathematics Framework. Committee members generally expressed support for the bill’s goals while discussing how the screener would work and what kinds of follow-up supports would be needed.
The committee also heard SB 1110 on child care subsidy administration, which would restructure funding for alternative payment programs and core contracts as the state moves to enrollment-based funding. Supporters said the bill would stabilize child care providers, improve payment timelines, and better reflect the administrative work of enrolling families and managing services; there was no opposition testimony. SB 1374, supported by the CSU and UC systems, would allow public higher education institutions to seek temporary restraining orders when credible threats are directed at a campus rather than a specific person. Supporters described recent campus threats that created safety concerns but did not fit current restraining-order law; there was no opposition.
Senator Nilo presented SB 1321, which would direct the State Auditor to review remedial course use and student preparedness at selected UC and CSU campuses after a UC San Diego report showed a sharp decline in incoming students’ math readiness. Supporters argued the audit would help identify gaps in college readiness and the effects of K-12 changes, while some members raised concerns about bypassing the usual legislative audit process; the bill was held on call. The committee then took up SB 1086 on microschools, which would define microschools and direct model ordinances for local land-use regulation. Supporters said it would create a clearer path for small, individualized learning communities, but several members questioned whether the concept was sufficiently defined and whether the state had enough information to draft model ordinances; the bill was also placed on call after a quorum was established. Finally, SB 1181 was presented as a limited pilot program in Central Valley counties to connect schools with regional threat assessment centers when credible safety concerns arise. The author and supporters, including the mother of a student killed in a shooting and several students, said it would improve early intervention and communication; committee members raised privacy and federal-sharing concerns but indicated support, and the bill was moved forward on a vote once quorum was present.