Transcript Highlights:

• We are here to discuss eligible legislatively directed spending items, also known as LDS.
• To discuss eligible legislatively directed spending items, also known as LDSIs.
• , making sure that our budget process is transparent.
• to give more insight into legislative spending, with the time needed to provide feedback.
• In wrapping, I wanted to say how proud I am of this process that we've done... Process.

Summary: The Senate Committee on Appropriations met with a quorum present, adopted the April 23, 2026 minutes, and then held a discussion focused on eligible legislatively directed spending items (LDSIs) for the FY 2027 budget. The chair explained that the committee was part of a new transparency process requiring legislators to publicly disclose LDSI requests, including the recipient, amount, and purpose, and noted that the forms must be posted publicly for at least 45 days before inclusion in the budget. He said Senate members submitted more than 500 eligible LDSI forms and House members submitted 750, for over 1,250 total proposals made available online. The chair emphasized that the process is intended to increase accountability and public awareness of how tax dollars are spent, and encouraged the public to review the posted forms on the Senate and House websites. During the meeting, four cards of support were read into the record: Wendy Fallow supported the Literacy Center of West Michigan project; Graham Filler supported the H.H.W. request on behalf of Kalamazoo County; and Mayor David LaGrand and Rob Verhulen both supported the aquarium request. No committee questions were raised, no substantive votes were taken on the LDSI items, and the committee moved through routine procedural actions. The meeting ended with a motion to adjourn, supported and adopted without objection.

Transcript Highlights:

• We were very attracted to that program and that process.
• So it's a lengthy process for clients to recognize.
• process—but we didn't have to go through that process to meet the demand at that time, and we were able
• It's on us as legislators for not legislating more efficiently or effectively, I would say.
• And that second one will be a legislative reception.

Transcript Highlights:

• Accordingly, careful legislative language, Accordingly, careful legislative language, including oversight
• process.
• process, process and then The Governor's budget last year continued throughout the entire legislative
• Related to Proposition 30, that legislation specifies any legislation that has an overall effect of increasing
• That recovery process is years long.

Summary: The Assembly Budget Subcommittee on Human Services held an informational hearing on child welfare, foster care, child support, and related prevention efforts. The chair opened by emphasizing mandated reporting reform, foster care system improvements, and community-based prevention, and noted that no votes would be taken. Public testimony focused first on mandated reporting, where a lived-experience advocate and several organizations argued that the current system overreports families, especially Black, Native, and Latino families, causes trauma, and should be reformed through standardized training, clearer thresholds, and stronger community supports rather than more hotline referrals. Casey Family Programs cited data showing nearly 90% of reports are unsubstantiated, while CDSS said it is already forming a Mandated Reporting Advisory Committee, updating training, and exploring community pathways and possible changes to the list of mandated reporters. CWDA and SEIU supported training and alternative response concepts but stressed child safety, county capacity, funding, and the need for careful implementation and accountability. The committee then discussed a proposal to create a foster care multi-agency office within the California Health and Human Services Agency, led by a chief foster youth advocate with authority to coordinate across departments. Advocates said foster youth often need services from education, health, housing, and behavioral health systems that do not coordinate well, and argued that a central office with real authority could improve placement stability and access to services. CDSS responded that existing structures already provide coordination, including AB 2083 interagency teams, the Child Welfare Council, complex care steering committees, and the foster care ombudsperson, but said it was open to technical assistance. Members raised concerns about whether the new office would have enough authority and funding to avoid becoming another layer of bureaucracy, and the chair emphasized the need for real “teeth” and better interagency action. The final major topic was the continuation and expansion of Promise Neighborhoods. A community leader described strong early results from the state-funded neighborhoods, including improved kindergarten readiness, reduced chronic absenteeism, higher graduation rates, food access, housing supports, and mental health services, but warned that current funding sunsets in June 2025 and that a fiscal cliff could jeopardize staff and services. CDSS said the four funded neighborhoods have reported positive outcomes and valuable flexibility, but also noted challenges with one-time funding, student mental health, and long-term planning. Assemblymember Mia Bonta urged continued investment, saying the place-based model is difficult to rebuild once lost, and the chair asked LAO to help identify the minimum funding needed to preserve the existing infrastructure while evaluation results are still pending.

Transcript Highlights:

• <00:22:39.640> and already passed similar legislation and already passed similar legislation
• of recognition of their due process of recognition of their due process rights<01:09:48.799>
• intent of the proposed uh legislation intent of the proposed uh legislation and<01:48:27.599>
• <01:53:09.239> please offender focused legislation please offender focused legislation please
• application of the law the due process application of the law the due process clause<02:08:24.199

Keywords: 910, house, all

Summary: The joint Commerce and Consumer Protection and Judiciary and Hawaiian Affairs committees heard HB 756 HD1, a measure on flavored tobacco products. Supporters included the Attorney General, Department of Health, Hawaii State Council on Developmental Disabilities, youth advocates, public health groups, and Kaiser Permanente. They argued flavored tobacco and menthol are used to attract and addict young people, cited rising youth and young adult vaping rates, and pointed to public health harms and evidence from other states that flavor restrictions reduced e-cigarette sales. The Attorney General requested oral amendments to correct a statutory reference, repeal a county preemption provision so counties could enact stricter flavor bans, and restore appropriations, positions, and the original effective date. Opponents, including retail and wholesale businesses, argued the bill would hurt small businesses and state tax revenue, push sales to the black market, and remove a harm-reduction option for adult smokers; they urged stronger enforcement instead of a ban. After testimony, the committees took up amendments and recommendations. The chair proposed correcting the statutory citation to HRS 26-38, adopting a Department of Health amendment on disposal of electronic smoking devices and e-liquids as hazardous waste, and noting the appropriations, FTE, and effective date in the committee report. Members then voted to pass HB 756 HD1 with amendments in both committees, with the Judiciary and Hawaiian Affairs committee recording one member as supporting with reservations. The transcript then moved to HB 806, relating to fireworks, which would appropriate funds for the Department of Law Enforcement to conduct sting operations on Oʻahu to enforce fireworks laws. The Department of Law Enforcement and Honolulu Police Department supported the bill, saying undercover enforcement is costly and additional funding is needed. A community testifier also supported stronger enforcement, citing illegal aerial fireworks, noise, and impacts on pets and kupuna. No final vote on HB 806 was shown in the excerpt. The Judiciary and Hawaiian Affairs committee also heard HB 438, which would create a Due Process in Immigration Proceedings Program to provide legal representation in immigration court for income-qualified individuals. Support came from civil rights, legal aid, ACLU, and law school clinic representatives, who said counsel is needed to ensure due process and fair access to justice, especially because immigration proceedings can lead to deportation and family separation. Opposition testifiers argued taxpayer-funded counsel for people in immigration proceedings is inappropriate, unlawful, or unfair to citizens and legal residents. One law school representative suggested a technical amendment to broaden language about training and education. The excerpt ends before a final vote on HB 438 is shown.

Transcript Highlights:

• The process is there; there's no time limit on it.
• Is to create a process, and it's a very rapid process.
• Process, just follow the laws.
• Regarding the county's actions and management of that primary process, which is a political process,
• It's backwards from how due process normally works.

Bills: HB5691, SB427, SB2623, SB2858

Keywords: municipal management district, bonds, assessments, property taxes, economic development, eminent domain, special district, SB 427, local government, political subdivision, state loan, state grant, financial reporting, annual financial statement, annual report, county report, municipal finance, water district, municipality, county auditor

Transcript Highlights:

• Because they're in the process of making them.
• A survivor goes through the difficult process and sometimes a dangerous process of seeking a restraining
• Is that restoration process a long process, or is that simply a matter of them determining, hey, your
• No, the process can take a while, so that's our problem with it.
• California courts process over 3 million infractions each year.

Keywords: 987, senate, all

Summary: The committee met on June 16, 2026, with a quorum present and first approved a consent calendar containing several bills, while a number of other measures were pulled and set for later hearings. The committee then heard AB 1662, which would require notice to the DMV when a defendant receives diversion in certain driving-related cases so DMV points can still be assessed. The author and supporters, including police chiefs, road safety advocates, district attorneys, cities, and AAA, said the bill closes a loophole identified in reporting on dangerous drivers; one opposition witness from the Western Center on Law and Poverty objected. The bill was moved on a due pass recommendation to Transportation and kept on call. The committee next heard AB 1741, which would allow sexual battery committed during an unlawful residential intrusion to be charged as a wobbler. The author and supporters, including district attorneys, sheriffs, and victim advocates, argued current law leaves a gap when an intruder sexually touches a victim in a home without meeting other felony elements. Public defenders opposed, saying existing burglary, attempted rape, and other statutes already cover the conduct and warning the bill was overbroad. The bill passed on a due pass as amended recommendation to Appropriations. AB 2760 followed, allowing counties with an Office of Inspector General to expand oversight to probation and animal control. The author and a San Diego supervisor’s letter framed it as optional local oversight to address capacity limits, while probation chiefs and Fresno County opposed, citing existing oversight and concerns about duplication and confidentiality. The bill passed to Local Government, with some members voting no. The committee then heard AB 1753, the Survivor Pathways to Safety Act, which would strengthen firearm relinquishment and protection-order enforcement, expand remote hearing access, and add certain offenses to firearm prohibitions. Supporters, including Giffords, prosecutors, police chiefs, emergency physicians, and victim advocates, said it would make restraining orders more effective and close enforcement gaps; gun rights groups opposed on due process and Second Amendment grounds. The bill passed to Judiciary. AB 1743, by Assembly Member Wicks, would allow local governments and certain universities to request firearm trace data from DOJ for research and policy analysis. Supporters said the data would help identify trafficking patterns and improve evidence-based policy, while NRA and gun rights groups warned about privacy, misuse, and stigmatizing lawful dealers. The bill passed to Appropriations. Later, the committee heard AB 2164, the Care Without Fear Act, which would strengthen California’s shield-law protections for abortion providers by limiting extradition cooperation and extending reciprocal protections to providers from other shield states. Health care and reproductive rights groups supported it; the California Family Council opposed, raising concerns about abortion and gender-affirming care. The bill passed to Judiciary. AB 2664, the Safe Worship Zone Act, would create an eight-foot personal buffer within 100 feet of a place of worship’s entrances and exits to prevent harassment or intimidation. Jewish organizations and the ADL supported it as a response to harassment at synagogues and other houses of worship, while the ACLU, CAIR, and others opposed on First Amendment grounds and urged narrower alternatives. The bill passed to Appropriations. Finally, AB 2122 would prohibit bench warrants for Vehicle Code infractions and allow noncustodial warrants for other infractions; the author and supporters said it would reduce criminalization of poverty and unnecessary arrests, while the transcript cuts off during support testimony and no vote is shown in the excerpt.

Transcript Highlights:

• We're in the process of a request for proposal with several companies.
• That's due to the OAC funding that we received from the legislative body.
• We'll start that process using the LWCF.
• I'm going to have to defer; it was a legislation passed two years ago—Oklahoma Capital Plan.
• So the LCF payment that was in legislation was phase two, is not in legislation? Yes, yes.

Summary: The committee first heard a presentation from the Oklahoma Department of Commerce on its FY26 priorities, recent performance, and budget requests. Commerce said it had helped announce about 8,000 direct jobs and nearly $14 billion in investment year-to-date, while noting challenges such as tariffs, workforce recruitment, staffing/FTE management, and the condition of its 100-year-old office building. The agency highlighted projects and initiatives including a new Taiwan trade office, Route 66 Centennial planning, the National Main Street conference in Tulsa, Olympic-related coordination, census outreach, and continued improvements to its grants and CRM systems. Requested funding included $8.3 million for building repairs or relocation planning, census support, $300,000 for EDGE, $135,000 for IT/cybersecurity upgrades, $250,000 for the Taiwan office, and additional support for Head Start, senior nutrition, and the Strategic Air and Space Commission. Members asked about the meaning of the investment totals, the building condition, delays in senior nutrition distributions, and staffing vacancies; Commerce said the investment figures reflected formal company capital announcements, the building had significant facade and roof damage, delays were due to multiple contracting layers, and several open positions were expected to be filled soon. The Oklahoma Tourism and Recreation Department then presented its FY26 budget and goals. New director Amy Blackburn and special advisor Sterling Zearley said the department oversees 38 state parks, six lodges, seven golf courses, and nine travel information centers, and emphasized tourism’s economic importance. They reported savings from bringing marketing and tracking functions in-house and from shared services, but said the department faces more than $271 million in deferred maintenance needs, staffing shortages, and connectivity problems at parks. Their goals include increasing park visitation to 10.2 million, raising occupancy to 36%, and growing travel to Oklahoma, with major marketing tied to the Route 66 Centennial, America 250, the FIFA World Cup, the Olympics, and other events. The department also discussed a request to raise its purchasing exemption cap from $25,000 to $75,000, a possible TravelOK.com redesign, and efforts to improve restaurant operations at lodges through a new RFP structure. Members questioned the apportionment cap, the size and timing of deferred maintenance requests, park revenue, and the use of parking pass funds; tourism said annual park-related revenue is about $32 million to $34 million and parking pass revenue is about $2.5 million. Finally, the OSU Veterinary Medicine Authority presented its budget request and program updates. The authority said it supports the veterinary teaching hospital and related student training, and that its FY26 budget is entirely state-appropriated. It requested continued support for hospital operations, the large animal scholarship program, and a new $12.5 million annual payment tied to the $250 million Legacy Capital Fund authorization for the veterinary teaching hospital, along with additional funding to expand in-state enrollment. Officials said in-state enrollment had increased from 58 to 69 students after prior funding, with a goal of reaching 90 of 106 total seats, and that there were 195 in-state applicants this year. Members asked whether standards would be lowered; the authority said academic standards would not change and noted strong board-pass rates and retention outcomes. It also said accreditation concerns tied to faculty shortages and off-site teaching had been addressed by bringing students back to the main campus and improving staffing. The committee ended by thanking the presenters and announcing its next meeting date.

Transcript Highlights:

• process with the agency and the board. process with the agency and the board.
• <00:40:29.520> in<00:40:29.839> call preliminary process in call preliminary process
• , the bill after the consultation process, the bill after the consultation process, then<00:40:40.560
• act relating to establishing a process act relating to establishing a process for<00:42:31.040><
• counsel from the office of legislative counsel from the office of legislative counsel,<00:42:43.280

Keywords: 926, house, all

Summary: The House began with devotional remarks and then handled several procedural referrals. Senate bills 198 and 323 were referred to the Committee on Ways and Means under House Rule 35A because they affect state revenue, and Senate Bill 326 was also referred to Ways and Means after the Transportation Committee reported it favorably with amendment. House Resolution 18, supporting preservation of the Julian Scott birthplace in Johnson, was read by title and referred to the Committee on Corrections and Institutions under House Rule 52. The chamber then read a series of adopted House concurrent resolutions honoring Vermont schools and individuals, including the Fair Haven Union High School Slater bowling team, the Hartford High School Hurricanes girls ice hockey team, the Hartford girls basketball team, Theres Black as Vermont Mother of the Year, and the Mount Mansfield Union High School girls tennis team. Members made brief announcements welcoming some of the honorees and guests to the chamber, including the Mount Mansfield tennis team, Theres Black, the Fair Haven bowling team, and others. The main floor action was on House Resolution 17, affirming that all Vermonters are presumed competent to communicate and must be provided communication resources of their choice. The Human Services Committee chair explained the resolution grew out of testimony on alternative communication methods, including facilitated communication and rapid prompting method, and said the committee heard from people with lived experience, professionals, and written testimony from medical and speech-language organizations. The committee reported the resolution out 9-0-2, and the House adopted it. The House then took up Senate Bill 209, relating to prohibiting civil arrest in sensitive locations, and proceeded to its third reading and concurrence-with-amendment question.

Transcript Highlights:

• Again, this is not due process.
• However, we never added the due process component.
• Have due process.
• Eliminate the SOA process? Potentially, yes.
• That's exactly what that expansion process would do.

Bills: SB397, SB481, SB596, SB760, SB855, SB1195, SB1196, SB1233, SB1257, SB1318, SB1368, SB1388, SB1398, SB1524, SB1558, SB1589, SB1677, SB1792, SB2034

Keywords: SB 397, telemedicine, telehealth, teledentistry, remote care, virtual care, consent documentation, patient consent, data collection, data sharing, audio-only telehealth, in-person examination, irreversible medical procedure, health professional regulation, Occupations Code, Texas Health and Human Services, medical records, provider compliance, data privacy, consumer rights

Transcript Highlights:

• exists to process them. exists to process them.
• . legislation. legislation.
• receives or has received legislative receives or has received legislative fundings.<00:46:44.840
• We urge legislators to encourage MDH and MPCA to move ahead with the stakeholder process to develop appropriate
• <01:03:32.760> to we ask that you support the process to we ask that you support the process

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• But House Bill 803 does more than streamline processes.
• This is priority legislation for these groups.
• make sure that we can streamline this process.
• The amendment has improved this piece of legislation.
• We have a process for these things, and this attempts to really truncate that process and expedite these

Transcript Highlights:

• And I know we've got a couple other legislators.
• So, to begin, starting off with some of our legislative priorities from the last legislative session
• So, to begin, starting off with some of our legislative priorities from the last legislative session
• From the last legislative session on the 69th, these legislative priorities came from our resolution
• So moving on to the next kind of legislative priority that... Yeah.

Keywords: 908, all

Transcript Highlights:

• and filed a bill for legislator and filed a bill for legislator protections,<00:09:05.960> that's
• <00:17:18.520> provisions, process provisions, process provisions, protect<00:17:20.360> the
• legislation today. legislation today.
• <00:36:36.200> and and separate KLEOC processes and and separate KLEOC processes and functions
• :16.680> similar<00:43:17.040> legislation, already passed similar legislation, already

Keywords: 958, all

Transcript Highlights:

• I'm open to ideas on how to improve the legislation.
• We do not need this type of legislation.
• We do not need this type of legislation.
• I get the rhetoric around this legislation.
• I get the rhetoric around this legislation.

Keywords: 987, senate, all

Summary: The Senate convened with a quorum present, offered a prayer and the Pledge of Allegiance, and then proceeded through gubernatorial appointments and third-reading measures. Three appointments to the California Housing Finance Agency Board and the State Mining and Geology Board were confirmed by unanimous or near-unanimous votes. The body then considered a series of bills on criminal procedure, military authority, housing, refinery safety, land use, music festivals, homelessness planning, solar tax assessment, HOA assessments, privacy, utility accounts, refrigerant disposal, law enforcement training, natural gas planning, school transfers, and regional transportation planning. Among the more debated measures, SB 1173 on lesser related offense instructions passed 25-10 after opposition centered on judicial discretion and consistency. SB 1354, limiting out-of-state military or law enforcement activity without the Governor’s permission, passed 29-9 after supporters framed it as a sovereignty measure and opponents argued federal command authority controls. SB 1090, the Altadena disaster-speculation bill, passed 29-9; supporters said it would curb predatory investor purchases after wildfire disasters, while opponents raised concerns about property rights and market effects. SB 966 on refinery worker participation in safety standards passed 30-9 amid a dispute over worker protections versus regulatory burden, and SB 1256, a local housing/subdivision bill, passed 32-0 despite concerns about fire-safety amendments. The Senate also approved SB 865 on music festivals, SB 866 on homelessness planning with a commitment to exempt smaller cities, SB 1007 on HOA assessment transparency and homeowner approval thresholds, SB 923 on privacy deletion rights, SB 1098 on utility balancing accounts, SB 1010 on refrigerant recovery, SB 937 on flashbang and breaching-device restrictions, SB 1082 on inter-district transfer timelines, and SB 1087 on modernizing regional transportation planning. SB 1329 on solar farm property tax assessment drew extensive debate over county revenues, solar development certainty, and fairness to rural communities, but ultimately passed after the call was lifted. Several measures were supported by authors and committee chairs as balancing consumer, worker, or local government protections against concerns about costs, regulatory stability, and local control.

Transcript Highlights:

• [Applause] my legislative AIDS last day Connor my legislative AIDS last day Connor morar<00:14:20.040
• She is a junior and she has been coming to our office to help out and learn about the legislative process
• She is a junior and she has been coming to our office to help out and learn about the legislative process
• She is a junior and she has been coming to our office to help out and learn about the legislative process
• She is a junior and she has been coming to our office to help out and learn about the legislative process

Keywords: 910, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• legislative legislative changes<00:08:41.560> this<00:08:41.680> would<00:08:41.880>
• and very involved process.
• We do have a question from Representative. existing process and the many years that existing process
• LCCMR's typical process results from a multi-stage competitive process.
• the lccmr before um and so the process the lccmr before um and so the process you<00:46:39.000><

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• So they go through a whole process.
• million is that they were uh legislative million is that they were uh legislative appropriations
• I'm sure there's an internal process I'm sure there's an internal process which<01:09:08.799>
• This is prospective legislation and not passed legislation. Is that what this list is meant to do?”
• legislation and not passed<01:24:42.960> legislation.

Keywords: 928, house, all

Summary: The committee first approved the March 21 minutes and then took up a consent calendar, withdrawing several items before adopting the remainder. It also moved item FIS 25103 to the table by a 6-4 vote after Senator Gray argued the Executive Council had not yet acted on a prior $5 million approval and that the committee should avoid adding to the rainy day fund draw. The committee then approved item 25106 for the Department of Natural and Cultural Resources/State Library after hearing that the department expected about a $400,000 lapse to return to the state. A major discussion centered on New Hampshire Police Standards and Training (item 2577). Senator Gray questioned whether a proposed equipment purchase could be delayed to the next biennium in light of the state’s deficit and rainy day fund use. The agency said the equipment was needed now for scenario training, vendors had already been identified, and delaying would likely increase costs and force continued reliance on unpaid volunteer help. The committee ultimately approved the item. The committee also approved Department of Energy item 2587 after hearing that federal weatherization funds are drawn down on a reimbursement basis, and item 2588 after similar testimony that weatherization work must be completed and inspected before reimbursement, limiting how quickly funds can be expended. Item 250094 had been withdrawn. Later, the committee discussed Senator Carson’s request for an LBA review of the YDC claims settlement fund, with members expressing concern about administrative costs, attorney fees, settlement-loan payoffs, and the need for more detailed reporting. The committee voted to direct LBA to conduct the audit described in Senator Carson’s memo, with the additional request that the review include the term over which attorney fees are paid. The meeting then moved on to an HHS staff item, where members began questioning the timing of dashboard data and reporting delays.

Transcript Highlights:

• I had two concerns, one with the legislation and one with not having this legislation.
• As it turns out, firearm legislation, hunting legislation is really, really hard to get right.
• Can you put some more detail on the process for basically, I guess what I'm asking is due process in
• Can you put some more detail on the process for basically, I guess what I'm asking is due process in
• And now the process, of the person who’s rented the vehicle, and now the process that will be used in

Summary: The House convened with Girl State participants presiding for part of the session, including introductions of the student leadership and a unanimous voice vote passing House Concurrent Resolution 152 honoring the young women participating in Delaware Girl State. The chamber also welcomed congressional interns and other guests, accepted the prior day’s minutes, and observed a moment of silence for Nathan Cynix and Kara Feeley before prayer and the Pledge of Allegiance. A major portion of the meeting was devoted to tributes for Representative Ron Gray, who was recognized for his 14 years of service and his work on issues such as bond bills, dredging, bike paths, small business, constituent service, and agriculture-related funding. Multiple members from both parties praised his humor, honesty, mentorship, and dedication to the House and his district. Gray responded with extended remarks reflecting on his family legacy, legislative service, and appreciation for colleagues and staff, and the chamber later sang “Take Me Out to the Ball Game” at his request. The House then received communications, including Senate messages returning several bills and informing the chamber of Senate passage of additional measures. Members were also told that the FY27 bond bill, House Bill 500, had been placed on desks as a gift for review. The House read in Consent Agenda S, which included House Bill 476, House Joint Resolution 13, Senate Substitute 1 for Senate Bill 168, Senate Bill 297, Senate Substitute 1 for Senate Bill 319, and Senate Joint Resolution 21, and began a roll call vote on the consent agenda.

Transcript Highlights:

• zones legislation. zones legislation.
• process and transmission process. process. process.
• evaluation process.
• <02:19:19.519> for process uh and the phase two process for process uh and the phase two process
• We do that by process planning process.

Keywords: 916, all

Transcript Highlights:

• We have seen time and time again throughout the legislative process where definitions change.
• We have seen time and time again throughout the legislative process where definitions change due to adaptations
• So this isn't an uncommon process.
• legislation for the state of California.
• This requires an entirely different thought process. But that's what we're trying to do.

Keywords: 988, house, all

Summary: The committee heard AB 2285, a bill focused on cryptocurrency staking and related consumer protections. The author said the amendments would give California clearer guidelines for staking-as-a-service, preserve disclosure requirements, and remove a fee cap to allow a workable business model. Supporters, including the Crypto Council for Innovation, said the bill would give Californians access to an important blockchain utility and provide needed clarity. Opposition came from the Consumer Federation of California, bankers, and credit unions, who argued the bill would weaken consumer protections, create an uneven playing field for state-chartered institutions, and move California into an unsettled federal debate over the Clarity Act. They also raised concerns about fraud, money laundering, and the bill’s effect on DFPI oversight, especially given pending litigation involving Coinbase and the state. The author responded that staking is distinct from buying crypto, that blockchain can improve traceability and security, and that the bill was still a work in progress with room for further amendments. Members questioned whether the bill was premature given the evolving federal framework and whether it could be aligned with future federal law. The author said California should act where federal law is unclear and that the state should continue to lead on consumer protection and blockchain policy. The committee then adopted a due pass as amended motion on a 7-2 vote, and the bill was reported out.