Transcript Highlights:

• They've been trained, licensed, and ethically bound to act in the best interest of their patients.
• Research shows that telehealth is equivalent to in-person services delivered for a wide range of diagnostic
• Under the current CDTA model, we were only able to launch this program because of a research grant.
• Under the current CDTA model, we were only able to launch this program because of a research grant.

Bills: SB6226, SB6305, SB5924, SB5990, SB5185, SB5845, SB6071, SB6258

Keywords: SB 6226, Washington, audiology, audiologist, hearing aid specialist, speech-language pathologist, telehealth, teleaudiology, clinical autonomy, clinical judgment, in-person care, remote care, Board of Hearing and Speech, hearing instruments, hearing aids, dispensing hearing aids, standards of care, professional licensure, health professions regulation, patient-centered care

Transcript Highlights:

• of health care providers for an action that does not endanger the public nor violate any moral or ethical
• But there has been a fair amount of recent research that has shown that insurers are able to manipulate
• And there has been research indicating that those insurers can pay a higher rate to the provider groups
• to cannabis being made illegal, there was over 60,000 pounds of cannabis being grown for medical research

Bills: HB2261, HB2283, HB2425, HB2110, HB2113, HB2122, HB2152

Keywords: healthcare, transparency, patient communication, credentials, professional standards, medical loss ratio, insurance, health plans, cost management, nursing delegation, registered nurse, RN, home care aide, nursing assistant, certified nursing assistant, CNA, medical assistant, home health, hospice, community-based care

Transcript Highlights:

• of health care providers for an action that does not endanger the public nor violate any moral or ethical
• But there has been a fair amount of recent research that has shown that insurers are able to manipulate
• And there has been research indicating that those insurers can pay a higher rate to the provider groups
• to cannabis being made illegal, there was over 60,000 pounds of cannabis being grown for medical research

Summary: The committee held public hearings on House Bill 2261, which would require health care providers to wear badges showing name, credential, and relevant degrees, require similar disclosure in advertising, and restrict use of the title “physician surgeon” to certain physicians and osteopathic physicians. Supporters, including the Washington State Medical Association and patient advocates, said the bill would improve transparency and informed consent. Opponents from nurse, naturopathic, and adult family home groups argued it was overly broad, burdensome, confusing, and could harm access to care or residential home settings; several also said existing disciplinary laws already address misrepresentation. No vote was taken on HB 2261 during the hearing. The committee also heard House Bill 2283, which would raise the medical loss ratio for fully insured individual, small group, and large group health plans to 90 percent. Supporters, including small business, patient, and physician groups, said the bill would push more premium dollars toward patient care and lower costs or increase rebates. Insurers and the Office of the Insurance Commissioner warned it could destabilize the market, reduce flexibility for administrative services, and lead to carrier exits, though OIC said it was working on amendments. The bill was not voted on in the hearing. House Bill 2425, an agency-request bill on nurse delegation, would broaden what tasks registered nurses may delegate, remove some setting and training restrictions, expand emergency medication authority, and adjust liability and retaliation protections. The Board of Nursing, long-term care providers, and skilled nursing/assisted living representatives supported the bill as a modernization that could ease workforce shortages and improve care access, while the Washington State Association for Justice opposed the immunity provisions and raised patient safety concerns. The hearing ended without a vote on HB 2425. In executive session, the committee advanced several bills. HB 2110, with an amendment clarifying ambulance staffing and RN scope, passed 18-0 with one excused. HB 2113 passed 18-0 with one excused. HB 2122, as amended to require hospitals to offer flu vaccines with several flexibility and critical-access-hospital exemptions, passed 15-3 with one excused. HB 2152, as amended to require certain facilities to allow medical cannabis use for qualifying terminal patients and to add related exemptions and protections, passed 17-1 with one excused. The meeting then adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• serving low-income Minnesotans with physical disabilities and brain injuries, I believe in the highest ethical
• This took our staff a half a day just to do the data research, not a half an hour. I'm sorry.
• Madam Chair, yeah, I actually had that pulled up too and was going to act as your researcher, but we
• had our actual researcher provide it.

Transcript Highlights:

• So I will research this, but I'm pretty sure that same gentleman was the one that was here testifying
• As research from the Center for Civic Design has found, voters have issues understanding longer ballot
• I am Kelly Johnson, Assistant Executive Officer for ethics and compliance, serving the Los Angeles County
• Research shows that lower limits increase competition and diversity in local elections, and that diversity

Summary: The Assembly Elections Committee met on April 30, 2025, beginning as a subcommittee until a quorum was established. The committee first approved six bills on consent, including AB 950, AB 953, AB 1214, and three committee bills. It then heard several measures dealing with election administration, ballot transparency, and campaign finance, with most authors accepting committee amendments and several bills being held on call for absent members. AB 930 by Assembly Member Ward would extend the deadline for counting timely postmarked vote-by-mail ballots from three to seven days after Election Day and update recount procedures, including online posting of recount results and clearer rules for recount requests. The bill was supported by county election officials and passed out of committee with a due-pass recommendation, though it was initially held on call. AB 459 by Assembly Member DeMaio proposed allowing electronic signatures for initiatives, referenda, and recalls; the Secretary of State and labor groups opposed it over security, implementation, and cost concerns, and the committee ultimately rejected the bill after reconsideration. AB 699 by Assembly Member Stephanie would change how local tiered tax and bond measures are described on ballots by allowing more detail to be placed in the voter guide; housing, school, and local government groups supported it, while taxpayer and realtor groups opposed it as reducing ballot transparency. AB 1188, presented on behalf of Assembly Member Ortega, would list the top three funders supporting and opposing statewide initiatives and referenda directly on the ballot; transparency advocates and labor supported it, while county election officials and business groups raised concerns about ballot length and processing costs. Both AB 699 and AB 1188 passed out of committee with amendments and were held on call. The committee also heard AB 827 by Assembly Member Berman, which would standardize and extend the deadline for curing vote-by-mail signature problems, add a link to cure forms in ballot-tracking notifications, and make other changes to improve ballot curing. It drew no opposition in the hearing and passed with a due-pass recommendation. AB 351 by Assembly Member McKenna would raise the Levine Act contribution threshold for local officials to $1,500 and add CPI adjustments; supporters said it would reduce administrative burdens and reflect modern campaign finance realities, while good-government groups and the League of Women Voters opposed it as weakening anti-corruption protections. The committee initially failed AB 351, then granted reconsideration, but the transcript ends before a final disposition is clearly completed. Finally, AB 1079 by Assembly Member Farías would eliminate the automatic appellate stay in California Voting Rights Act and Fair Maps Act cases; it was supported as a way to prevent delayed remedies in voting rights cases, opposed by the City of Santa Monica over impacts on ongoing litigation, and passed with amendments. After taking up the held items, the committee recorded final votes on the bills, including passage of AB 930, AB 699, AB 1188, AB 827, and AB 1079, and rejection of AB 459.

Transcript Highlights:

• Through my decades of experience... of advising companies and serving on boards and conducting research
• competitive as someone who has served decades advising companies and serving on boards and also researching
• Inspired by our story, we researched...
• And while, yes, the rules still apply as far as our ethics rules.

Bills: HB32, HB15, HB171, HB421, HB581, HB644, HB745, HB349, HB917, HB204, HB923, HB15, HB171, HB204

Keywords: eviction, landlord rights, tenant rights, justice court, property law, court procedures, chemical dependency, court-ordered treatment, mental health, health care, treatment facility, juvenile justice, criminal justice reform, deep fake, digital impersonation, age verification, private cause of action, explicit content, consumer protection, HB 581

Transcript Highlights:

• The federal government has told us, in doing their research, that we were the first that they can identify
• I'm the staff director for the Health and Human Services Policy Area at OPPAGA, the legislature's research
• Research shows that youth who work with survivor mentors have better outcomes.
• enhancements include essential workforce skills such as critical thinking, time management, career planning, ethics

Summary: The Committee on Children, Families, and Elder Affairs received three presentations and took no bill votes. The Department of Children and Families gave an extensive update on human trafficking prevention and services, describing Florida’s statutory framework, hotline and investigation data, placement options such as safe houses and safe foster homes, new adult safe house certification rules, expanded screening tools for vulnerable adults, and prevention efforts including youth-led outreach and training. Members asked about whether current funding is sufficient, how DCF addresses grooming and re-victimization in residential settings, and how long youth typically remain in safe-house placements; DCF said funding is only one part of the support system, that families and youth receive prevention resources even when allegations are not substantiated, and that placement length varies by child. OPPAGA then presented its 2024 annual report on commercial sexual exploitation of children. The report found that verified CSE victims slightly declined in 2023, with Broward, Miami-Dade, Duval, Hillsborough, and Escambia among the highest-prevalence counties. Most verified victims were community youth rather than children already in care, though dependent youth had higher rates of prior maltreatment. OPPAGA also reported continued concerns about limited placement capacity, especially for less restrictive Tier 1 safe houses, and service gaps such as the need for survivor mentors. Its recommendations focused on expanding placement options, improving data collection, and strengthening collaboration to support survivor mentors. Finally, DCF presented the Step into Success pilot program for current and former foster youth ages 16 to 26. The program combines workforce education, professional development, and paid internships with mentor support; the first cohort launched in 2024 with 15 participants, all of whom secured placements, and the department reported strong satisfaction and early outcomes. Committee members asked about scalability, costs, and whether the model could be moved beyond DCF-run operations into community-based providers. DCF said the program was designed to be scalable, currently costs about $500,000 annually for the pilot, and could be expanded statewide with additional funding and partner support. The committee adjourned after the presentations.

Transcript Highlights:

• The other thing we do is a lot of research on the impact of education on workforce and... ...the impact
• What kind of sets us apart from other peer organizations that provide policy research is that we don't
• . provide policy research is that we don't advocate for any policy.
• child, every chance, every day" is our motto at the department because we believe we have a moral and ethical

Keywords: 924, joint, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Research shows that positive childhood experiences, including safe, stable, and nurturing relationships
• Lieutenant Governor Ainsworth will forever be remembered for his conservative Christian values, ethical
• for his conservative<00:39:30.960><c> Christian</c><00:39:31.359><c> values,</c><00:39:31.920><c> ethical
• </c> conservative Christian values, ethical conservative Christian values, ethical standards,<00:39:33.040
• So I want research aspect of it herself.

Keywords: 920, all

Summary: The Alabama Senate convened with prayer, the pledge, and a roll call establishing a quorum. Senators then adopted the prior day’s journal and excused absent members. A lengthy point of personal privilege followed, in which Senator Smith criticized the prior day’s handling of the special order calendar and argued that minority-party senators were denied the chance to speak, while Senator Coleman said Senate Bill 318 had been removed from the calendar and tied that to Child Abuse Prevention Month; she also noted Senate Bill 43, which would provide civil recourse for child sex assault survivors, had not advanced. The presiding officer also recognized guests in the gallery, including staff from the Alabama Department of Child Abuse and Neglect Prevention and members of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc. The Senate then received multiple committee reports, largely on a unanimous or near-unanimous basis. Finance and Taxation Education reported favorably on House Bills 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 565, 517, and 98, and Senate Bill 380, with some substitutes or amendments; Finance and Taxation General Fund reported Senate Bill 378 favorably; County and Municipal Government reported House Bills 568, 499, and 433; Education Policy reported House Bills 8 and 380; Banking and Insurance reported House Bill 545; Fiscal Responsibility and Economic Development reported House Bill 586 with two nays; Healthcare reported House Bills 533 and 605; Tourism and Marketing reported House Bills 513 and 626 and Senate Bill 357; and local legislation committees reported several Mobile County and Madison County bills, including Senate Bill 379 relating to Madison County and various House bills, all advancing to the next legislative day. In motions and resolutions, the Senate agreed to allow committee reports to be received at any time during the day. Several resolutions were introduced and referred to the Rules Committee, including Senate Joint Resolution 100 honoring Presley Skelton, SJR 101 commending Auburn University’s School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape Architecture, SJR 102 establishing the Alabama Forest Products Retention and Pulp and Paper Mill Stability Study Commission, SJR 103 mourning Norman Wendell Arnold, and SJR 104 designating Alabama as the river state. The chamber also suspended the rules to take up Senate Joint Resolution 105, commending Lieutenant Governor Will Ainsworth for his service; the resolution included a lengthy recitation of his background and accomplishments and was read for immediate consideration with all senators added as sponsors.

Transcript Highlights:

• He didn't always succeed, as none of us do, but his morals and ethics informed the work.
• of names, I thought of his name and did a little research on it as an example.
• his morals and ethics informed the work. work. work.
• </c> research on it as an example. research on it as an example.
• , researchers, researchers, school<00:47:00.320><c> construction</c><00:47:00.880><c> experts,</c><00

Keywords: 926, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• prohibits physicians from performing or participating in any stem cell or birth tissue therapy or research
• looks to do prohibitions and prohibit stem cell research.
• Stem cell research has been going on for a long time, and you're right.
• He was given months to live, but my brother was very smart, and he did his own research.
• There have been committees that have done a lot of research, and as a result of their research, the study

Summary: The committee approved the minutes and then took up a large agenda of health-related bills. SB 1214, the Arizona Stem Cell Therapy Act, drew extensive testimony from supporters who said it would create guardrails for regenerative medicine, protect patients, and encourage biotech investment, while opponents argued it was tied to abortion politics and imposed harsh penalties. The bill passed on a 4-3 vote. SB 1194, which would prohibit health professionals and institutions from denying care based on vaccination status, also passed 4-3 after testimony from supporters framing it as an access-to-care and religious-freedom measure and opponents warning it would interfere with private practice policies and parental choice. SB 1814, creating a study committee on substance use disorder treatment standards and oversight, passed unanimously 7-0. SB 1602, increasing stipends for kinship foster parents, passed as amended 7-0, and SB 1603, expanding child-only cash assistance eligibility, also passed as amended 7-0. The committee then considered several bills focused on gender-related care and public funding. SB 1177, which bars public monies from funding gender transition procedures and makes intentional violations a felony, passed 4-3 amid testimony that it protects taxpayers and counterarguments that it is discriminatory and unsupported by evidence. SB 1014, requiring insurance coverage for detransition procedures when transition care is covered and directing data reporting on transition and detransition, passed 4-3 after supporters said it would help detransitioners and collect needed data, while opponents argued it would chill providers and target transgender patients. SB 1094, creating civil liability for physicians who perform irreversible gender reassignment surgery on minors, was heard with testimony from supporters citing malpractice concerns and detransitioner harms and from opponents saying it would create a hostile environment for providers and treat trans patients differently; the transcript cuts off before the vote is shown. SB 1752, which classifies commercial harvesting or sale of mescaline as a felony while preserving bona fide religious use defenses, passed unanimously 7-0. Later, SB 1628, requiring insurers to report claims-denial and prior-authorization data and DIFI to publish standardized reports, passed unanimously 7-0 after supporters emphasized transparency and opponents called it redundant to federal reporting. SB 1629, requiring AHCCCS managed care organizations to give advance notice and network-adequacy documentation before terminating high-volume providers without cause, also passed 7-0; supporters said it would prevent patients from losing access to behavioral health care, while health plans and Access said existing oversight already covers much of this and warned the bill could slow necessary network changes. Throughout the meeting, the committee repeatedly adopted motions for due-pass recommendations and, where applicable, amendments, with several bills passing on party-line or near-party-line votes.

Transcript Highlights:

• We are allocating $30 million to support pediatric cancer research, $4.2 million to increase breast and
• incubator to fund cancer research.
• Senate Bill 7028 revises several aspects of the Casey DeSantis Cancer Reach for Research Program and
• to provide funding for a targeted Area of research for a five-year period, subject to appropriation,
• On insurance research by Senator Trumbull, you are recognized to explain the bill. **Sen.

Keywords: 999, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• thing I was going to ask about is we talked about artificial intelligence, and we talked about how ethical
• And we talked about how ethical uses in higher education are a real issue, how would you reflect on that
• thing I was going to ask about is we talked about artificial intelligence, and we talked about how ethical
• And we talked about how ethical uses in higher education are a real issue, how would you reflect on that

Summary: The Senate Rules Committee met to consider several gubernatorial appointments and a referral item. It first acted on appointments not required to appear, including Michael Gunning to the Teachers’ Retirement Board, Eric Hines to the Gambling Control Commission, several nominees to the Civil Rights Council, nominees to the Commission on Teacher Credentialing, and Omar Passens to the Contractors’ State License Board. The committee also took up a reference of bills to committees. Most of these items were initially left open for absent members, then later approved on add-on votes, with some passing unanimously and others on split votes. The committee then heard testimony from two nominees to the California State University Board of Trustees, Kelly Dermody and Andrea Evans. Both emphasized access, student basic needs, housing affordability, enrollment balance across campuses, and the need to use artificial intelligence responsibly while preserving critical thinking and data privacy. Senators asked about intersegmental cooperation, CSU bachelor’s degree authority, tuition increases, and how the trustees would evaluate affordability and student outcomes. No public opposition was heard, and both nominees were advanced to the full Senate after committee votes. Finally, the committee heard from Dr. Cedric Jamie Rutland, nominated to the South Coast Air Quality Management District Board. He described his background as a pulmonologist and said he would bring a public health and science-based perspective to air quality policy, especially regarding pollution’s effects on respiratory and cardiovascular health. Senators focused on goods movement, warehouse growth, AB 617 communities, environmental justice, refinery and trucking impacts, and balancing emissions reductions with economic realities. After public comment, the committee voted to advance his nomination to the Senate floor, and the meeting concluded after add-on votes and a brief recess/closed session.

Transcript Highlights:

• So I took up the study of ethics and read a great number of books, attended a lot of lectures, talked
• took up<00:01:31.840><c> the</c><00:01:32.000><c> study</c><00:01:32.240><c> of</c><00:01:32.400><c> ethics
• and</c><00:01:34.560><c> read</c><00:01:34.960><c> a</c><00:01:35.360><c> great</c> up the study of ethics
• and read a great up the study of ethics and read a great number<00:01:36.000><c> of</c><00:01:36.240

Keywords: 926, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Okay, we have a quorum, and we're going to call our Legislative Ethics Board to order in the public session
• And this is just one of the things our professors wanted us to do is to go to some sort of ethics committee

Summary: The Legislative Ethics Board met in public session with a quorum present and approved the prior meeting minutes after hearing that board counsel had reviewed the remaining advisory opinions and would bring recommendations on whether to retain or retire them to a future meeting. The board also noted there were no employer disclosure forms to review. Members received an update on digitizing the board’s files: the archives work was completed, a secure thumb drive had been provided, and staff were working with LedgeTech on how to securely access and store the materials. They also discussed billing for the digitization project, noting one invoice of about $3,900 had been paid and that the total cost might end up well below the original estimate. A member of the public, a Washington State University doctoral student, attended to observe but did not testify. With no further business, the board moved to adjourn the public session, and the motion passed unanimously.

Transcript Highlights:

• simple: we want Massachusetts to be the best place to innovate while ensuring that AI is deployed ethically
• This bill also recognizes how scientific research at our public higher education institutions drives
• These dollars are critical in the wake of continued uncertainty and cuts to federal research funding

Keywords: 1212, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Senator from Ethics. Thank you, ma’am.
• Contrary to common misconceptions, these treatments are based on decades of research and follow rigorous
• We have groups of students present and do research and present to the judges on things like environment

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The Senate considered a supplemental appropriations bill and a series of amendments focused on education, health, transportation, tax administration, and oversight. Senator Kennedy spoke in support of increasing funding for DTA caseworkers to improve SNAP access and reduce delays, but then withdrew the amendment by unanimous consent. Senator O’Connor’s amendment adding $500,000 for Free Period to provide free menstrual products in public schools was adopted, as was Senator Miranda’s $1 million METCO transportation and student support amendment. Senator Collins briefly proposed extending paid family and medical leave and unemployment insurance coverage to graduate student workers, but withdrew that amendment for later discussion. Several amendments were debated and either adopted or rejected. Senator Tarr’s proposal to create oversight of the Group Insurance Commission and fund an Inspector General review was defeated after opposition argued existing oversight was sufficient. Tarr also offered amendments on MBTA deficiency fund withdrawals and on requiring 90 days’ notice before state tax code decoupling changes; both were rejected after standing votes. Senator Driscoll’s amendment for Randolph Public Schools restroom improvements was adopted, while his veterans student loan forgiveness amendment was withdrawn. Additional amendments were adopted for Bridgewater Middle School water filtration, Uffum’s Corner Health Center, and NeighborHealth’s pharmacy technician training program for local high school students. A major discussion centered on school funding and enrollment declines. Senator DiDomenico withdrew an amendment that would have provided $100 million to address Chapter 70 funding losses tied to enrollment drops, but he and Senator Collins used the floor to argue that districts facing declining enrollment and rising costs need a broader state response. The Senate also adopted a new draft of the supplemental budget and then passed the bill to be engrossed by a roll call vote, with 35 members in the affirmative and 4 in the negative. The chamber then adjourned to meet again Monday, and did so in memory of Arthur H. Tobin, a former Quincy mayor, state legislator, and clerk magistrate.

Transcript Highlights:

• Going through the process of researching this, he was convicted, charged with 11 violations, convicted
• I'm trying to do some quick research up here and find out what the ten charges are.
• I have always prioritized good governance, ethical governance, and public trust, and I will continue

Summary: The Senate Committee on Rules first took up several governor’s appointments not required to appear, including Rick Simpson to the Commission on Teacher Credentialing and Trinidad Solis, M.D., and Gerald Talbert, M.D., to the Medical Board of California. The committee also approved reference of bills to committees and floor acknowledgments, with roll calls on each item showing unanimous support from members present and the items left open for additional votes before final tallying. The main public business was the confirmation hearing for George Cardona, J.D., for a second term as Chief Trial Counsel of the State Bar of California. Cardona described reforms made since taking office, including new conflict-of-interest and gift rules, stronger investigative requirements, efforts to reduce backlog and improve efficiency, and monitoring of discipline disparities identified in prior studies. Senators questioned him about safeguards after the Girardi matter, the John Eastman discipline case, racial and ethnic disparities in attorney discipline, unauthorized practice of law by notarios, staffing shortages, and the use of AI in filings. Public witnesses from the State Bar, SEIU Local 1000, and others spoke in support. The committee voted 3-0 to advance Cardona’s appointment to the full Senate. The committee then heard Laura Enderton Speed, J.D., for Executive Director of the State Bar. She said her priorities would be restoring public trust, improving the discipline system, addressing the February 2025 bar exam problems, and strengthening fiscal stability and internal controls. Members asked about the State Bar’s structural budget deficit, the remote administration failures in the February exam, safeguards against undisclosed gifts and conflicts, and the status of audits and investigations. Supporters from the State Bar, the civil defense bar, SEIU Local 1000, and a longtime colleague testified in favor. The committee approved her appointment 5-0 to move to the full Senate. At the end of the meeting, members also approved the remaining governor’s appointments and procedural items, and the chair thanked Senator Jones for his service on the committee before adjourning the public portion.

Transcript Highlights:

• Going through the process of researching this, he was convicted, charged with 11 violations, convicted
• I'm trying to do some quick research up here and find out what the 10 charges are.
• I have always prioritized good governance, ethical governance, and public trust, and I will continue

Keywords: 987, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• choose between following this law and upholding their professional duties around confidentiality, ethics
• We consult doctors and therapists and evidence-based research.
• Research consistently shows that this care is associated with significant improvements in mental health

Summary: The committee approved the minutes from March 5, 2026, then took up House Bill 681, which would remove the statute of limitations for aggravated lewd conduct with a child and for producing or making sexually exploitive material. The sponsor and the Idaho Prosecuting Attorneys Association said the bill would help prosecute serious child sexual abuse cases, including cases involving delayed reporting and AI-generated child sexual abuse material. A motion to send the bill to the floor with a due pass recommendation passed unanimously. The committee then heard extensive testimony on House Bill 822, a parental rights bill requiring schools and health care providers to notify parents when a minor requests assistance with social transition or related changes. Supporters argued it protects parental rights and prevents secret transitions; opponents said it could endanger vulnerable youth, create vague reporting duties, and expose providers and schools to excessive penalties. After debate, a motion to hold the bill in committee failed 12-4, and the original motion to send it to the floor with a due pass recommendation passed. Finally, the committee considered Senate Bill 1296, which updates Idaho’s criminal trespass law to create a specific offense for disrupting worship services at houses of worship and sets misdemeanor penalties for intentional interference. Supporters said it would protect churches from harassment and disruption while preserving lawful protest. After limited testimony, the committee voted unanimously to send the bill to the floor with a due pass recommendation.