Video & Transcript : 'educational outreach' :

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CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Rules Committee Feb 18th, 2026

Rules

Transcript Highlights:
  • How do you work with small business development centers for outreach, or do you?
  • counties like San Bernardino and the Inland Empire that are overlooked, what additional, if the outreach
  • What additional, if the outreach that you have tried has not worked and has not brought in some of those
Committee: Senate Rules
Summary: The Senate Rules Committee met to consider several routine items and a gubernatorial appointment. The committee approved appointments not required to appear for Gina Castro Rodriguez to the Board of State and Community Corrections, Richard Stein to the California Arts Council, and Nicholas Hardiman to the California Housing Finance Agency Board of Directors. It also approved references to bills, committee and joint committee appointments, subcommittee ratifications, and floor acknowledgments. A rule waiver request from Senators Perez and Padilla to suspend the SR 22.5 bill-introduction limit was approved on a divided vote. The committee then heard testimony from Andy Nakahata, nominee for executive director of the California Infrastructure and Economic Development Bank (iBank). Nakahata described his background in infrastructure finance and said he would focus on stewardship, expanding awareness of iBank programs, and working with lenders, financial development corporations, and municipal advisors to reach more counties and communities. Members asked about equitable geographic access, creditworthiness standards, outreach to underserved areas, support for financially distressed hospitals, and the new California Transmission Accelerator program. Nakahata said iBank can work with public and nonprofit health care entities, that transmission financing would be a portion of larger project capital stacks, and that the bank’s role is financing rather than regulating utility tariffs or transmission costs. Public witnesses from the finance and legal sectors testified in support of Nakahata, praising his expertise and leadership. No opposition testimony was offered. The committee then voted unanimously to advance Nakahata’s nomination to the full Senate for confirmation.
VT

Vermont 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Session - 2026-05-07 - 11:00AM

Vermont Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • </c> report of the committee on education. report of the committee on education.
  • </c><01:29:28.480><c> such</c> access to alternative education such access to alternative education such
  • </c> report to the House and Senate Education report to the House and Senate Education Committees<01:
  • </c><01:36:37.600><c> moving</c> student to keep their education moving student to keep their education
  • c> &gt;&gt; President, the Senate Education &gt;&gt; President, the Senate Education Committee<01:45:
Keywords: 927, senate, all
FL

Florida 2026 5th Special Session

Senate in Session Apr 29th, 2025

Florida Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • and outreach efforts; evaluate the challenges and benefits of the previous state recycling and education
  • and outreach efforts; evaluate the challenges and benefits of the previous state recycling and education
  • I'm not aware of a formal education plan. Senator Rousan.
  • I'm not aware of a formal education plan. Senator Rousan.
  • He was soon after appointed to the State Board of Education.
Summary: The Senate convened with a quorum, prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, and several member introductions recognizing interns, guests, and advocates. The Rules Chair added CS for CS for SB 622 to the special order calendar, and SB 80 on state land management was temporarily postponed. The chamber then moved through a series of bills, often substituting House companions for Senate bills when the measures were identical or nearly identical. The Senate passed SB 200/HB 295 on a comprehensive waste reduction and recycling plan, requiring DEP to develop a recycling and waste diversion roadmap by 2026; SB 492 on land development and mitigation banking, after adopting amendments related to mitigation credit use and former phosphate mine lands; and SB 494/HB 255 on aggravated animal cruelty, which increases sentencing consequences and creates a searchable FDLE database of convicted animal abusers, with an amendment clarifying the database language. The Senate also passed SB 500/HB 711 establishing the Spectrum Alert for missing children with autism, SB 524/HB 1089 adding Duchenne muscular dystrophy to newborn screening, SB 592/HB 393 revising the My Safe Florida Condominium Pilot Program, SB 742/HB 1145 on workforce education, SB 936/HB 827 on a statewide study of automation and workforce impact, SB 964/HB 181 on parole guidelines, SB 976/HB 901 on court-appointed psychologists, SB 1084/HB 1451 on sexual cyber harassment, and SB 1156 on a home health aid program for medically fragile children. Most of these bills were adopted after brief sponsor explanations, questions, and in some cases amendments or House-substitute motions. Debate centered on several policy issues. Senators raised concerns about the constitutional and environmental implications of mitigation banking credits in SB 492, the scope and privacy implications of the animal abuse database in SB 494, the funding and eligibility details of the condo resilience program in SB 592, and the public-school/charter-school balance in SB 822, which drew extensive questioning about enrollment, governance, discipline, accountability, and data sharing before being placed on the third-reading calendar after amendments. The Spectrum Alert bill drew support from members who compared it to the Purple Alert and emphasized the risks faced by children with ASD. The medically fragile children home health aid bill also drew strong support, with senators describing it as a long-needed fix to help families provide in-home care without losing Medicaid coverage. Votes on the measures reported in the transcript were overwhelmingly favorable, with bills passing by margins such as 38-0, 35-3, 37-0, 36-0, and 35-0.
NH

New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session

House Finance Division II (01/29/2025)

Transcript Highlights:
  • , or hunter education.
  • education courses.
  • > which</c> Outreach and education efforts which Outreach and education efforts which included<00:31:
  • a hunter education program with several a hunter education program with several staff<00:46:37.359><c
  • </c> staff who work the hunter education staff who work the hunter education program<00:46:39.440><c>
Keywords: 928, house, all
Summary: The Division 2 Finance Committee heard an overview and budget presentation from New Hampshire Fish and Game, led by new Executive Director Stephanie Simi and Business Division Chief Kathy Leonti. The agency described its mission to conserve and manage fish, wildlife, and marine resources, and emphasized growing pressures from disease, climate impacts, habitat change, and increased public demand. Simi said the department is largely funded by hunting and fishing license revenue and federal grants, is reviewing staffing and internal processes, and faces critical needs including permanent funding for environmental review staff, infrastructure and IT modernization, and possible service reductions if additional support is not found. Members asked about specific program and policy issues, including chronic wasting disease in deer, hemorrhagic disease in rabbits and hares, moose population decline, and a proposed bait-disease bill. The department said it is actively monitoring diseases and did not see a need for the bait bill at this time. Legislators also discussed the Hike Safe program, which the department said has grown from an expected $100,000 annually to more than $300,000, and a possible boating version of that program, which the department said remains under consideration but would involve complex logistics and multiple agencies. Questions were also raised about rescue costs, out-of-state hikers, and whether boat registrations could be used as a revenue source; Fish and Game said boat registration is handled by the Department of Safety, though the department receives $5 per registered boat for the public boat access program. The budget discussion focused on revenue projections, use of unrestricted Fish and Game funds, and dependence on federal reimbursements. Leonti said the department met the governor’s general fund target but not the Fish and Game fund target without using surplus unrestricted funds, leaving only about $100,000 in the fund by the end of the biennium. She said the budget uses more than $18 million in Fish and Game funds annually against about $14 million in unrestricted revenue, and that five of 193 full-time positions remain unfunded. The department warned that if federal grants were halted, it could cost about $5 million over five months and force the Fish and Game fund to cover the gap. Committee members also requested that future presentations be sent electronically in advance, and the department agreed to do so.
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Assembly Higher Education Committee Apr 14th, 2026

Higher Education

Transcript Highlights:
  • Instead of focusing fully on her education, Instead of focusing fully on her education, she was distracted
  • Transitioning to higher education, whether from a K-12 school or as an adult returning to the education
  • Transitioning to higher education, whether from a K-12 school or as an adult returning to the education
  • I work in education as a paraprofessional supporting special education, so I have experienced this from
  • I work in education as a paraprofessional supporting special education, so I have experienced from this
Keywords: 988, house, all
MA
Transcript Highlights:
  • There's a school on the grounds so they can be educated.
  • There's a school on the grounds so they can be educated and need all the needs they need to be educated
  • You're well educated on the issue. You've done your homework.
  • I've been an educator at Pappas for six years.
  • Mobility equipment, and appropriately licensed educators.
Summary: The hearing focused on the future of the Pappas Rehabilitation Hospital for Children and the work of the special legislative commission studying whether and how the facility should continue. Senators and representatives said the Legislature has continued funding Pappas, that the hospital cannot be closed before the commission reports, and that they are seeking to extend the commission’s deadline. Multiple commissioners and witnesses described Pappas as a unique setting combining inpatient medical care, residential programming, special education, therapy, and campus-based activities for children with complex medical needs. Union leaders, staff, parents, and local officials argued that Pappas is being quietly depopulated through blocked admissions and continued discharges despite the formal pause on closure. They said the hospital’s integrated model cannot be replicated elsewhere, that families and staff are being left in limbo, and that the state should invest in repairs, modernization, and possibly temporary modular space to reopen admissions. Several witnesses emphasized the impact on children who have benefited from Pappas and on workers who fear losing a specialized workforce built over decades. Department of Public Health Commissioner Robert Goldstein said the state is committed to keeping Pappas open and stable while the commission works, but that admissions must meet hospital-level-of-care standards and the current infrastructure limits who can safely be served. He said the administration has been expanding outreach, hiring staff, and exploring ways to broaden services, including outpatient and therapy programs over time. Commissioners pressed him on why admissions remain so limited and whether the facility is being effectively depopulated, while Goldstein maintained that the restrictions reflect legal and safety requirements rather than an effort to close the hospital.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House State Government Finance and Policy Committee 3/13/25

State Government Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:
  • , and we'll come back to education in a moment.
  • We have a library at the History Center where Minnesotans can access collections, and we do outreach
  • We support teachers who are using Northern Lights by teacher training and lots of outreach to make sure
  • </c><00:07:34.759><c> and</c><00:07:35.479><c> lots</c><00:07:35.680><c> of</c><00:07:35.800><c> Outreach
  • </c> by teacher training and lots of Outreach by teacher training and lots of Outreach to<00:07:36.599
Bills: HF1234 , HF1956 , HF1025 , HF1172 , HF791
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • Instead of focusing fully on her education, Instead of focusing fully on her education, she was distracted
  • Transitioning to higher education, whether from a K-12 school or as an adult returning to the education
  • Transitioning to higher education, whether from a K-12 school or as an adult returning to the education
  • I work in education as a paraprofessional supporting special education, so I have experienced this from
  • Assembly Higher Education meeting.
Summary: The Assembly Higher Education Committee heard a long policy agenda focused largely on student access, equity, and institutional oversight. Bills discussed included AB 2236 on common course numbering and streamlined articulation across the community colleges, CSU, and UC; AB 2422 on protections when financial aid is delayed; AB 1669 on medical and mental health leaves of absence; AB 1713 on accepting IEPs and 504 plans as proof of disability for accommodations; AB 2766 on priority housing and related supports for foster youth and students experiencing homelessness; AB 2212 on tech-facilitated sexual harassment and AI-generated intimate images; AB 2504 on a pilot to upskill creative-industry workers for AI-related changes; AB 1734 on preserving and expanding California food insecurity data collection; and AB 2771, the sunset bill for the Bureau of Private Postsecondary Education. The committee also took up a consent calendar of three bills earlier in the hearing. Testimony was overwhelmingly in support from student groups, advocacy organizations, and system representatives, with many speakers describing personal experiences with transfer confusion, delayed aid, mental health crises, disability documentation barriers, housing instability, and online sexual harm. AB 2236 drew support from community college, CSU, UC student associations, and college-opportunity advocates, while the CSU Academic Senate registered opposition. AB 2771 drew a notable exchange over the cost and scope of the Bureau of Private Postsecondary Education, with Vice Chair DeMaio opposing the extension on fiscal and bureaucracy grounds; the author responded that the bureau is fee-funded and that its fees had not been raised in years. AB 1734 also prompted skepticism from DeMaio about the survey’s cost, methodology, and whether the work should be competitively bid, though supporters argued the existing California Health Interview Survey infrastructure was the most efficient way to preserve critical food insecurity data after federal cuts. The committee voted to advance the measures it heard, generally on party-line or near-party-line votes, with several bills held open for additional members to add on. AB 2236, AB 2422, AB 1669, AB 1713, AB 1734, AB 2766, and AB 2212 all received do-pass recommendations and were re-referred to the appropriate policy or fiscal committees. AB 2771 was also moved forward to the Committee on Business and Professions after debate over the bureau’s reauthorization and fee structure. The hearing ended with the committee beginning consideration of AB 2504, the AI-related workforce upskilling pilot for creative industries.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Workforce, Labor, and Economic Development Finance and Policy Committee 4/16/26

Workforce, Labor, and Economic Development Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:
  • </c> that the committee must conduct outreach that the committee must conduct outreach uh<00:05:26.320
  • It's a coalition of East Central Minnesota counties, cities, and educational institutions working on
  • It's a coalition of East Central Minnesota counties, cities, and educational institutions working on
  • It's a coalition of East Central Minnesota counties, cities, and educational institutions working on
  • It's a coalition of East Central Minnesota counties, cities, and educational institutions working on
Bills: HF3732
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Assembly Health Committee Jan 27th, 2026

Transcript Highlights:
  • I am a veteran, and I was an educator for 20... ...and live in Calusa with my family.
  • Implement an outreach and education campaign that is culturally relevant, linguistically accurate, and
  • Educate and train those who serve Medi-Cal members.
  • And this work is informed by outreach to advocates and health care experts.
  • And this work is informed by outreach to advocates and health care experts.
Summary: The Assembly Health Committee held an informational hearing on the impact of federal H.R. 1 and related state budget actions on California’s health care system. Opening remarks framed the federal changes as a major threat to Medi-Cal, Covered California, hospitals, clinics, and the broader safety net, with warnings that millions could lose coverage and that costs would shift to providers, counties, and consumers. Testimony from the California Health Care Foundation and the Legislative Analyst’s Office focused on implementation challenges, the administrative burden of work requirements and more frequent renewals, the loss of federal funding, and the need for California to consider long-term structural changes to Medi-Cal, county safety-net programs, and cost containment. A Covered California enrollee, Chas Franklin, described sharply rising premiums for his family after losing subsidies, illustrating the personal impact of federal policy changes. Committee members raised concerns about whether premium increases were driven by H.R. 1 or insurer pricing, the cost of rebuilding county-based indigent care systems, and the need to account for the cost of inaction. Dr. Hernandez pointed to pre-ACA models such as Healthy San Francisco as examples of coordinated local safety-net care, while also emphasizing the importance of primary care, data interoperability, and the Office of Health Care Affordability in reducing waste and improving access. Department of Health Care Services officials then outlined the state’s implementation plan for H.R. 1, including work requirements, six-month redeterminations, reduced retroactive coverage, cost-sharing, and immigration-related eligibility changes. They said the department would try to automate eligibility checks, expand outreach, and train counties and partners, but estimated up to 2 million Californians could lose coverage over time. Covered California reported that the expiration of enhanced federal premium tax credits and new federal marketplace rules are already raising costs and reducing enrollment, with an estimated 400,000 enrollees at risk of dropping coverage. County, hospital, and safety-net representatives warned that coverage losses will increase uncompensated care and strain local systems, while one coalition proposed a temporary state-funded coverage option as a bridge if full-scope Medi-Cal cannot be maintained. The hearing concluded with a policy analyst urging stakeholder engagement, immigrant protections, and new state revenue options to preserve coverage and offset federal cuts.
MO

Missouri 2026 Regular Session

2026 Legislative Session - Day Forty - Tuesday, March 24

Missouri House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • educational resources is inequitable.
  • get an education.
  • I think K-12 education is different than higher education.
  • I think K-12 education is different than higher education.
  • Louis Symphony Educational and Outreach Program.
Summary: The House convened with prayer and the Pledge of Allegiance, approved the previous day’s journal by a 126-0 vote, and suspended business for the Speaker to sign several bills and substitutes. Members then spent much of the day introducing guests, including county assessors, students, civic groups, and visitors from local schools and universities. The chamber then took up House Bill 2002, the elementary and secondary education budget. Members adopted several amendments, including technical fixes to allow board-operated schools to use personal service funds for career ladder payments, clarifications to child care subsidy language, and changes to Parents as Teachers rules so that enrollment remains voluntary and virtual visits are not reimbursable. An amendment to shift $1 million from one child care facilities line to Child Care Works passed, as did an amendment to fund a new Success-Ready Student Assessment with $2 million to help replace the MAP test. A proposal to pay child care subsidies for foster children based on enrollment rather than attendance failed 53-93, and an amendment to divert $10 million in Title I funds into a competitive grant program also failed. A later amendment to send budget reports to the ranking minority member passed, while an attempt to remove child care subsidy language from the bill failed. The House then moved to higher education and workforce development appropriations. Members approved an amendment broadening a pre-apprenticeship program statewide and supported funding for Coyote Hill Foster Care Ministries through a transfer from dual credit scholarship funds. The most extensive debate centered on House Bill 2003’s higher education funding model, where the chair defended an FTE-based approach as more transparent than the long-standing status quo, while opponents warned it would sharply cut funding for institutions such as Harris-Stowe, Lincoln, Truman State, and some community colleges, and would ignore factors like graduation rates, research, and workforce needs. A compromise amendment to soften the transition was withdrawn, and a separate amendment to restore the governor’s recommendation was also debated at length, with members arguing over the fairness and consequences of the proposed model.
AZ

Arizona 2026 Regular Session

01/27/2026 - House Floor Session

Arizona House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • he was elected to the Tucson Unified School District Governing Board, where he championed public education
  • A product of public education, Representative Grijalva was a steadfast advocate for public schools, health
  • A product of public education, Representative Grijalva was a steadfast advocate for public schools, health
  • And whereas International Holocaust Remembrance Day calls for educating future generations about the
  • The Education Committee will be meeting at 2 p.m. in House Hearing Room 1. Representative Griffin.
Summary: The House convened, opened with prayer and the Pledge of Allegiance, approved the Journal, and recognized Dr. Heidi Teval as Doctor of the Day. Members then offered several points of personal privilege, including tributes to former Representative Noel Campbell, introductions of guests, and observances tied to Muslim Day at the Capitol, Food Bank Day, and Holocaust Remembrance Day. The chamber also heard remarks from Holocaust survivors and community members, and the House later adopted a proclamation recognizing International Holocaust Remembrance Day. The main legislative action was House Concurrent Resolution 2045, honoring the life and public service of former Congressman Raul Grijalva. The resolution detailed his career in education, county government, and Congress, and highlighted his work on public lands, tribal sovereignty, environmental protection, public education, and social justice. The House unanimously adopted the resolution and stood for a moment of respectful silence, then received the Grijalva family in the chamber. Additional floor business included referral changes for HB 2351 and HB 2573, the first reading of several bills, and the second reading of a larger slate of measures covering water, land, energy, agriculture, public safety, immigration, and other topics. No substantive debate or votes on those bills occurred during this session. The House also announced upcoming committee meetings and adjourned until 1:15 p.m. on Wednesday, January 28, 2026.
AZ

Arizona 2026 Regular Session

01/27/2026 - House Floor Session

Arizona House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • he was elected to the Tucson Unified School District Governing Board, where he championed public education
  • A product of public education, Representative Grijalva was a steadfast advocate for public schools, health
  • A product of public education, Representative Grijalva was a steadfast advocate for public schools, health
  • And whereas International Holocaust Remembrance Day calls for educating future generations about the
  • The Education Committee will be meeting at 2 p.m. in House Hearing Room 1. Representative Griffin.
Keywords: 1182, all
TX

Texas 89th Regular

Senate Committee on Water, Agriculture, and Rural Affairs May 12th, 2025

Water, Agriculture and Rural Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • and outreach, and study our neighboring states for best practices and data strategies to inform agencies
  • In Farr, Texas, a local high school built a pollinator garden to educate students about the value of
  • Aimed at protecting pollinator habitat and educating about the importance of pollinators, states have
  • I think one of the issues is just lack of education and awareness.
  • That's one of the things this task force would do: look at ways that we can educate. the public.
Bills: HB630 , HB685 , HB1318 , HB2692
FL

Florida 2025 Regular Session

Fiscal Policy Apr 8th, 2025

Transcript Highlights:
  • LET'S TAKE UP TAB FIVE CS FOR SB 12681 KINDERGARTEN EDUCATION.
  • IN RURAL AREAS OF OPPORTUNITY AND REQUIRING PIPELINE FUNDS WHICH FOR MARKETING AND OUTREACH IN RURAL
  • BUT THIS IS A VALUE STATEMENT IN THE PUBLIC EDUCATION SYSTEM.
  • HAVING A POLITICALLY AND SOCIALLY ACTIVE COMMUNITY SHOULD BE A GOAL OF OUR EDUCATION SYSTEM.
  • THAT TO BE THE POINT OF OUR EDUCATION SYSTEM. SURELY THIS IS NOT SOMETHING WE WANT TO CENSOR.
Keywords: 999, senate, all
MA

Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session

Joint Committee on Community Development and Small Businesses May 7th, 2026

Joint Committee on Community Development and Small Businesses

Transcript Highlights:
  • We're moving along the educational pipeline. Thank you.
  • education to impact them.
  • Education policy is disconnected from housing, or housing policy doesn't always take education or workforce
  • the Education Commission of the States at this time.
  • So I have a foot in education and a foot in housing.
Summary: The Joint Committee on Community Development and Small Business held its final hearing of the session on H. 5187 and S. 3022, the Enough Act, which would create a grant program to support place-based, cradle-to-career anti-poverty initiatives in high-need communities. Chairs Andy Vargas and Sen. Adam Gómez opened the hearing by thanking committee members and stakeholders, and several lawmakers, including Sen. Sal DiDomenico, Rep. Kate Lipper-Garabedian, and Rep. Antonio Cabral, described the bill as a bottom-up approach that would let local organizations, schools, and community partners direct resources where they are most needed. They emphasized that poverty, housing instability, food insecurity, and chronic absenteeism are interconnected and that the bill is intended to build local “backbone” infrastructure rather than fund isolated programs. A series of educators, school leaders, and nonprofit advocates testified in support, including leaders from Chelsea Public Schools, Bunker Hill Community College, Strategies for Children, AFT Massachusetts, United Way, the Boston Foundation, the New Commonwealth Fund, Give Black Alliance, Eastern Bank Foundation, and the Greater Boston Food Bank. They argued that schools alone cannot overcome the effects of concentrated poverty and pointed to research showing that children arrive at school already affected by poverty-related gaps. Several witnesses described existing local efforts in Chelsea, Boston, New Bedford, Springfield, Haverhill, and Lowell, and said the Enough Act would help coordinate services, align data and goals, and strengthen community voice. Some also noted that the bill could leverage philanthropic and private investment and cited Maryland and Harlem Children’s Zone as models. The hearing also featured testimony from Harlem Children’s Zone CEO Kwame Owusu-Kesse and founder Jeffrey Canada, who said the model has shown that sustained, coordinated supports can reduce the role of luck in children’s outcomes and should be scaled in Massachusetts. Committee members asked about sustainability, funding, and how the bill would interact with existing efforts such as community schools, the Student Opportunity Act, and McKinney-Vento homelessness supports. Witnesses responded that the bill would complement those programs by creating a broader, community-led framework and that long-term sustainability would require public, philanthropic, and private support. No vote was taken during the hearing.
WA

Washington 2025-2026 Regular Session

JLARC I-900 Subcommittee for SAO Performance Audits Sep 17th, 2025

JLARC I-900 Subcommittee for SAO Performance Audits

Transcript Highlights:
  • After multiple rounds of outreach to that pool of local governments, we were able to onboard and complete
  • cybersecurity grant funds in support of over 200 projects statewide, covering local governments, educational
  • Finally, Initiative 900 ensures independent performance audits at no cost to local governments, educational
Summary: The Joint Legislative Audit and Review Committee held a public hearing on the State Auditor’s Office cybersecurity performance audits for fiscal year 2025, covering both state agencies and local governments. SAO staff explained that the audits are conducted independently under Initiative 900 and are kept confidential at the entity level, with detailed findings shared directly with the audited organizations. They reported that state agency audits found nearly one-third of assessed safeguards fully implemented on all systems and 227 vulnerabilities across seven agencies, including three critical and 21 high-severity issues. For seven local government cybersecurity audits, nearly a quarter of safeguards were fully implemented on all systems, and auditors identified nearly 300 vulnerabilities, including nine critical and 47 high-severity issues. SAO also summarized its ransomware resiliency audits and critical infrastructure audits for local governments. In six ransomware audits, a little over 35% of assessed safeguards were not in place, while about 60% were at least partially in place. In 39 critical infrastructure audits, focused largely on water and sewer providers, auditors found over 260 vulnerabilities and said more than 10% were critical or high. Staff highlighted that these audits have led to improvements, including one vendor making security changes after SAO testing that were later echoed in a federal advisory. They also described related services such as cybersecurity checkups, policy guidance, and other cyber-related work by the office. Washington Technology Solutions’ state chief information security officer, Ralph Johnson, praised the audits and said they help protect essential public services. He cited a sharp national rise in ransomware incidents against governments and said Washington has used more than $11 million in federal and state cybersecurity grant funds for over 200 projects. In response to questions from Representative Scott, SAO and WOTEC discussed options for addressing urgent vulnerabilities, including compensating controls, grant funding, and low-cost mitigation steps. The committee also discussed how Washington’s program compares nationally, with Johnson saying Initiative 900 is unusually comprehensive and that local governments often seek audits voluntarily. No votes were taken, and the hearing adjourned after public testimony was offered but none was given.