Transcript Highlights:

• Our strategy to get there was we directed AP the contract for services to define the requirements for
• Each agency maintains its own EV solution, meet federal requirements.
• The funding is mostly match from federal match.
• Thankfully it and thank you to your directions committees direction we engaged with well Sky, too.
• >> Yes, ma'm of federal mandate. We had the it a lot of ties to the EV functionality.

Transcript Highlights:

• So what we're doing is putting it as a request for the federal government to approve it.
• it also has... ...state requests the federal government.
• It is contingent on the federal government approving this. Right.
• It's saying that we're asking the federal government.
• We're asking the federal government to do it.

Summary: The Communications and Conveyance Committee heard several bills focused on telecommunications, emergency response, and digital access. AB 1540 by Assemblymember Mark Gonzalez would restore the 988 “press 3” option for LGBTQ+ youth crisis support, with strong support from suicide prevention advocates, mental health organizations, local governments, and family groups, and opposition from groups arguing it politicizes crisis services and raises safety concerns. Members emphasized the bill’s life-saving purpose and noted it would depend on federal approval. The committee voted AB 1540 out on a due pass recommendation to Appropriations. The committee also approved the consent calendar, including AB 2093 and AB 2193, both sent to Appropriations. AB 1832 by Assemblymember Ransom, as amended, would expand and stabilize statewide 211 services through a state fund, a community needs dashboard, and integration into emergency planning; supporters described 211’s role during disasters and service gaps in many counties, and the bill passed unanimously as amended to Appropriations. AB 2289, the chair’s bill, would create an Office of Broadband and Digital Equity, consolidate broadband programs, and narrow CPUC jurisdiction to voice communications; TURN and CWA District 9 opposed the regulatory changes but acknowledged shared goals, and the bill passed to Appropriations. AB 2424 by Assemblymember Carrillo would create a new low-income telecommunications advisory board to oversee California Lifeline and address fraud and oversight concerns. Supporters said the board would add needed telecommunications expertise and improve access for low-income and immigrant communities, while opponents argued an existing advisory structure already serves that role and warned of added costs and surcharges. After discussion, the committee voted AB 2424 out on a 7-2 vote to Appropriations. The meeting concluded after all listed bills were reported out.

Transcript Highlights:

• So what we're doing is putting it as a request for the federal government to approve it.
• also has... ...state requests the federal government.
• It is contingent on the federal government approving this. Right.
• It's saying that we're asking the federal government.
• We're asking the federal government to do it.

Committee: House Communications and Conveyance

Transcript Highlights:

• and the payer direction.
• Matroni replied that, under the Section 106 process, if federal funds, federal land, or federal permits
• She explained that if federal funds, federal land, or federal permits are being used, the process is
• So in the Section 106 process, if federal funds, federal land, or federal permits are being used, it
• Can we guarantee that they're not going to use these federal funds, federal grants or federal lands or

Committee: House Business

Transcript Highlights:

• Yvonne Fernandez with the California Federation of Labor Unions in support. Thank you.
• Yvonne Fernandez with the California Federation of Labor Unions in support. Good morning.
• Yvonne Fernandez with the California Federation of Labor Unions, proud co-sponsor and support.
• Yvonne Fernandez with the California Federation of Labor Unions in support.
• Yvonne Fernandez, California Federation of Labor Unions, in support.

Summary: The Assembly Committee on Public Employment and Retirement met for its first hearing of the session, adopted committee rules, and heard several labor-related bills. The chair reviewed hearing procedures, including limits on testimony and expectations for orderly conduct. Members then took up measures affecting public employee bargaining, contracting, confidentiality, school employee benefits, pay stub information, and state correctional health staffing. AB 672 would require public employers to notify PERB when filing court actions involving statutes PERB administers and allow PERB to intervene; it drew support from SEIU, AFSCME, school employees, labor groups, and no opposition, and was passed out of committee. AB 283 would move IHSS bargaining from the county to the state level; providers and recipients testified about low wages, long delays in bargaining, and care access concerns, while counties and public authorities raised cost, scope, and implementation issues. The bill passed 7-0 after members discussed family care worker concerns and the author said he would continue working on the issue. AB 339 would require local governments to give unions 120 days’ notice before contracting out bargaining-unit work. Labor supporters said the bill would make existing meet-and-confer rights meaningful and protect jobs, while counties, cities, special districts, chambers of commerce, and staffing groups argued it would burden local agencies and interfere with existing MMBA procedures. The committee also heard AB 340, which would make communications between employees and union representatives confidential for PERB purposes; supporters said it codified existing case law, while school administrators, special districts, counties, and business groups warned it could hinder investigations. AB 378 would extend the classified school employees summer assistance program to JPA employees, and AB 374 would require more detailed pay stubs for classified school employees; both had labor support and some education-sector opposition over implementation and cost concerns, and both advanced. AB 393 would require cost analyses before contracting out physician work at CDCR and the Department of State Hospitals; supporters argued the state was overpaying contractors amid high vacancy rates, and the bill also advanced. At the end of the hearing, the committee recorded final votes showing AB 283, AB 340, AB 374, AB 378, AB 393, and AB 672 all passing out of committee, while AB 339 remained on hold with a 4-0 vote and some members not voting.

Transcript Highlights:

• And she did the same thing and explained how she voted in the federal elections in one state, but the
• For background, the federal Civil Air Patrol serves as the civilian auxiliary of the U.S.
• The commanding officer of the Washington Wing of the federal Civil Air Patrol... Civil Air Patrol.
• A few things this bill won't do: it will not change the Civil Air Patrol's federal authorities.
• government issued a Statistical Policy Directive No. 15, which directs every agency of the federal government

Summary: The committee heard six bills on January 27, 2026. Senate Bill 6084 would clarify the prohibition on voting more than once in an election, in response to a court ruling that interpreted “election” narrowly; the sponsor and Secretary of State’s office said the bill is meant to ensure a person votes only once in Washington or in one state and another on the same election date. Testimony was brief and supportive, and the hearing was closed with many people signed in pro and con but not testifying. Senate Bill 6044 would recognize Diwali and Bandi Chhor Divas as a legislatively recognized day, and Senate Bill 5950 would add several non-legal holidays, including Sikh, Baha’i, Jewish, and Buddhist observances. Sponsors and supporters described the bills as a way to acknowledge minority faith traditions, promote inclusion, and help communities feel seen; testimony came from Jewish, Sikh, multi-faith, Hindu, Zoroastrian, and Buddhist representatives. The committee recorded substantial support for both measures, with no opposition testimony, and closed both hearings. Senate Bill 6046 would establish the Washington Division of Civil Air Patrol within the Military Department to better coordinate volunteer aviation support for disasters, search and rescue, cybersecurity, and other missions. The sponsor, Military Department, Civil Air Patrol, and veterans’ representatives said it would improve command and control and help the state use Civil Air Patrol more efficiently at no added cost. Senate Bill 5763 would create a grant program for local law enforcement aviation support units and expand wildfire-related aviation support to sheriff’s offices; sheriffs and police chiefs strongly supported it as a way to sustain helicopter-based search and rescue and disaster response, while DNR raised concerns about wildfire aviation standards, liability, and possible bill drafting issues. The committee also heard Senate Bill 5784, which would require agencies to collect and report more detailed demographic data under updated federal standards; the sponsor said better disaggregation is needed for accountability and to identify disparities, and the Office of Equity supported the policy while noting fiscal and privacy concerns and the need for possible amendments. The meeting ended after the final hearing, with no votes taken.

Transcript Highlights:

• for administering federal programs.
• That would be best directed to the administration.
• They're not really, they don't really have a direct line necessarily.
• We believe, CFT believes, that this proposal is going in the wrong direction.
• And right now it's getting siphoned in a lot of different directions.

Committee: House Education

Transcript Highlights:

• To receive federal reimbursement for care, hospitals must meet federal requirements set by CMS.
• In certain cases, Federal reimbursement for care, hospitals must meet federal requirements set by CMS
• And also physicians who provide direct supervision and virtual direct supervision through audiovisual
• The direct supervision is maintained where clinically necessary, but the virtual direct supervision is
• Federal CMS regulations already authorize PAs and APRNs to order diagnostic testing.

Bills: HB2540 , HB2113

Committee: Senate Health & Long-Term Care

Keywords: emergency medical services, EMT recertification, healthcare, first responders, public health, radiologic technologists, diagnostic imaging, healthcare regulation, professional supervision, state licensing

Transcript Highlights:

• We are not subjecting federal officers to state rules.
• federal officers, ICE versus FBI or anything else.
• I mean, it could be in federal courts too.
• But there is no similar law for federal officials.
• Section 1B satisfies this test by maintaining federal immunity defenses.

Committee: Joint Joint Committee on the Judiciary

Summary: The Joint Committee on the Judiciary held a late-file hearing on several bills, with Chairs Michael Day and Lydia Edwards outlining hearing rules, testimony limits, and written-testimony procedures. The first bill discussed was H. 4876, a proposal to strengthen supports for survivors of abuse. Representative Carol Faiola testified on behalf of a constituent who described how a lifetime restraining order was effectively undermined after a family member’s death, arguing the bill should limit abusers’ legal standing after death, improve survivor notification and privacy protections, expand coercive-control definitions, and create education and resource programs. The committee then heard testimony on H. 5111, which would strengthen the Massachusetts Antitrust Act. Representative Dave Rogers and Attorney General’s Office antitrust chief Anthony Mariano said the bill would give the state more tools to pursue anti-competitive conduct, including conduct with multi-state effects, while allowing enforcement even when federal authorities are also involved. They said it would increase penalties, clarify that invitations to conspire are violations, protect labor markets, remove limits affecting some housing transactions, and extend the statute of limitations. The committee also heard support for a related “universal 1983” bill, S. 2976/H. 2976, creating a state cause of action for constitutional violations by federal, state, or local officers acting under color of law; supporters said it would fill gaps in remedies against federal officers while preserving qualified immunity. Testimony also supported H. 4783, a bill affirming the rights of people experiencing homelessness. The Massachusetts Coalition for the Homeless said the measure would push back against growing criminalization of homelessness, especially after the Supreme Court’s Grants Pass decision and local encampment bans, and would protect the use of public spaces without discrimination based on housing status. On H. 4826, condo owners and advocates said Chapter 183A is outdated and leaves owners with too little say and too few remedies against mismanagement, citing problems such as unsafe water, major assessments, and lack of meaningful dispute resolution. The committee also heard strong support for H. 5116, renaming the Dorchester Division of the Boston Municipal Court the Judge Leslie E. Harris Courthouse, with testimony from family members, legislators, attorneys, and community leaders describing Judge Harris’s mentorship, community service, and commitment to second chances. Later testimony covered S. 2975, a bill to deter ICE courthouse arrests and protect access to justice; CPCS, law students, and defense advocates said courthouse arrests chill participation by defendants, witnesses, and victims and disrupt pending cases. The committee also heard support for H. 5244, repealing an archaic law criminalizing concealment of a child’s death, with advocates arguing it has been used to punish pregnancy loss and should be removed. The hearing concluded with additional testimony in favor of S. 2976 and more support for the Judge Harris courthouse renaming, after which the chairs closed the hearing and reminded the public how to submit written testimony.

Transcript Highlights:

• Number one, most of this area of law is preempted by three federal acts.
• Most of this area of law is preempted by three federal acts.
• The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act deals with labeling and failure to warn.
• I was actually on the Court of Federal Claims since that time.
• And we believe this bill moves Florida in the opposite direction.

Bills: S0408 , S0986 , S0678 , S0800 , S1050 , S0484 , S1118

Committee: Senate Regulated Industries

Transcript Highlights:

• this year given the uncertainty that exists in our federal government.
• They choose at the Federal Student Aid call center.
• And that includes state and federal aid? State and federal aid, correct. Okay.
• Data from that application is never sent to federal student aid.
• With current uncertainty at the federal level about Pell Grants, Federal Work Study, and other financial

Transcript Highlights:

• The chair directed the discussion to nonpartisan staff while they were waiting.
• I would like to direct your attention to a letter that was sent by Rachel from Hopkins about how the
• </c> happening and so I would like to direct happening and so I would like to direct your<00:30:50.039
• </c> school leaders um they have a direct school leaders um they have a direct impact<01:20:38.520><c
• </c> State funds what we've done with federal State funds what we've done with federal funds<01:26:53.960

Bills: HF6 , HF52 , HF53

Committee: House Education Finance

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> federal government. federal government.
• </c> federal agents. federal agents.
• So, correct, federal has federal laws and state have state laws.
• </c> abide by federal law. abide by federal law.
• ><c> for</c> federal protections, federal ways for federal protections, federal ways for you<01:03:53.039

Bills: HF3477 , HF3414 , HF103 , HF3661 , HF3146

Committee: House Judiciary Finance and Civil Law

Transcript Highlights:

• Um, I think, you know, on the federal side, or, um, to D.A.V., um, on the federal side, I do believe,
• </c> development division and risking federal development division and risking federal funding<00:51:
• </c> federal loan support that receives. federal loan support that receives.
• We're going the federal government.
• </c> What has happened at the federal level? What has happened at the federal level?

Bills: HB1601 , HB1828 , HB1616 , HB1603 , HB1606 , HB1604 , HB1605

Committee: House Agriculture & Food Systems

Transcript Highlights:

• I work for SDS, which is also known as self-directed supports.
• This is not directed at any... As the chair.
• Federal law already requires the state of Missouri to provide care.
• My daughter Emmaus has had self-directed support since 2017.
• I will not be able to direct you to areas that should be cut, but rather I would like to direct you to

Committee: House Budget

Summary: The committee first heard the State Auditor’s fiscal year 2027 budget request. Auditor Scott Fitzpatrick described rebuilding the office after staffing had fallen to a historic low, explaining that the office has grown from 92.5 to 119 FTE but still needs several years to reach full staffing, especially at the manager level. He said most of the budget is payroll, noted the office’s use of lapsing general revenue while staffing is rebuilt, and outlined requests including core operating funds, a small sports betting audit NDI, and a $290,000 increase to the CPA stipend to address recruitment and retention problems. Members also discussed the auditor’s authority to audit state agencies and subrecipients, the office’s role in performance audits, and the meaning of “E” appropriations and the auditor’s recent general revenue conditions report. The committee then moved to public testimony on House Bill 10, focusing on Department of Health and Senior Services and Department of Mental Health issues. One witness from the American Heart Association supported continued funding for cardiac emergency response planning in schools, citing AEDs, CPR training, and about 480 schools served. Another witness from the Alzheimer’s Association urged rejection of a proposed $1 million reduction to the Missouri caregiver program, arguing it supports families caring for people with dementia and helps avoid more expensive institutional care. Most of the testimony concerned proposed cuts to developmental disability services, especially day habilitation and self-directed supports (SDS). Providers, family members, and workers said the proposed reductions would force service cuts, reduce wages, and threaten community-based care that keeps people at home and out of more costly facilities. They argued the cuts would shift costs to emergency, residential, or institutional settings and asked the committee to preserve current funding levels. Several members asked questions about provider rates, the share of services delivered by private providers, and the cost difference between SDS and institutional care. The hearing ended with the chair apologizing for earlier tension, explaining the schedule, and recessing the committee to return later because of House floor obligations.

Transcript Highlights:

• So they directed us, our engineering program, to work with WSDOT.
• As you've been hearing, those trends were going in the wrong direction.
• As you've been hearing, those trends were going in the wrong direction.
• It's modeled after several evidence-based programs at the federal and state level.
• Several evidence-based programs at the federal and state level.

Committee: Senate Transportation

Summary: The Senate Transportation Committee met in Yakima and focused on tribal traffic safety, with an emphasis on the Yakama Nation’s transportation safety efforts and partnerships. Yakama Nation leaders and engineering staff described ongoing work on U.S. 97 corridor safety improvements, heritage connectivity trails, roundabouts, and the use of advanced traffic sensing technology through a University of Washington spin-off, AI Vision. The technology, called MUST, was presented as a way to collect speed, volume, pedestrian, roadway-condition, and near-miss data, support real-time warnings, and help create a digital twin and virtual traffic management center to move from reactive crash response to proactive risk reduction. Committee members asked about speed tracking, driver behavior, enforcement, and agency coordination, and Yakama representatives said the work depends on a multi-pronged approach involving engineering, policy, and enforcement, with strong coordination among the tribe, WSDOT, the Traffic Safety Commission, counties, and universities. The Washington Traffic Safety Commission then presented statewide fatality trends and tribal traffic safety data. Staff said 2024 saw about a 10% drop in statewide traffic fatalities after several years of increases, but recent years remain among the highest in decades. They noted that among American Indian and Alaska Native fatalities, many victims were pedestrians, passengers, or bicyclists rather than drivers, and that restraint nonuse and alcohol impairment were significant factors. The commission also highlighted that many AI/AN fatalities occur off tribal lands, while many fatalities on tribal lands involve non-tribal members. Penny Rerick described tribal traffic safety coordinators as a proven countermeasure and outlined current and planned tribal projects funded through federal and state dollars, including work with Yakama Nation, Colville, Kalispel, Makah, Port Gamble S’Klallam, Muckleshoot, Lower Elwha, Puyallup, and others. She said state proviso funding is being used flexibly for equipment, education, pedestrian safety, and local planning, and committee members asked staff to provide data on total requests versus funded amounts. The final presentation highlighted Yakima-area impaired driving enforcement and ignition interlock compliance efforts. Yakima Police Chief Sean Boyle said the city created a DUI enforcement and education officer program, later expanded with state support, to reduce serious injury and fatal crashes; he reported more than 1,100 contacts, 222 DUI-related arrests or stops, extensive outreach, and a 12-month period without an impaired-driving fatality in the city. Nick Bazan of Yakima County District Court described a DUI supervision and ignition interlock compliance pilot that targets both pre-conviction and post-conviction barriers, including indigent support, case planning, and evidence-based supervision. He said the county had more than 1,000 DUI convictions in 2024-25 and roughly 3,800 noncompliant ignition interlock users, and that 51% of roadway fatalities involved an impaired driver. The committee praised the work, noted the importance of sharing best practices statewide, and then adjourned the work session.

Transcript Highlights:

• So the law allows required uses for the federal Real ID to expand far beyond flying.
• And it establishes a clear off-ramp if federal Real ID laws change.
• Because it's the federal mandate right now to have a Real ID to get on an airplane.
• It has to be going in the same direction, and that's codified in statute.
• That has to be traveling in at least two lanes in the same direction.

Summary: The committee first heard HB 2957, which would prohibit cities, towns, counties, and districts from requiring a digital or mobile driver license for government identification purposes and would require physical licenses to be accepted. The sponsor argued the bill preserves choice, privacy, and state control over identification, and several supporters said it protects informed consent and limits biometric data use. Some members raised concerns about travel requirements and proof of legal status, but the sponsor said the bill would not eliminate Real ID or change federal travel rules. The committee recommended the bill do pass on a 4-3 vote. The committee then heard HB 2941, which would make certain unsafe motorcycle lane-splitting or lane-sharing behavior subject to reckless driving penalties. The sponsor said the bill is intended to address dangerous conduct and close a gap in enforcement, while a motorcycle rights advocate explained the difference between lane filtering, which is legal under Arizona law in limited circumstances, and lane splitting, which is not. Testimony emphasized public safety and education for riders. The committee approved the bill with a do pass recommendation on a 7-0 vote. Next, the committee considered HB 2305, as amended, dealing with private property towing. The bill would make towing rates a matter of statewide concern, tie charges to DPS tow service agreements, require documentation and notice requirements, and standardize rules for private towing carriers. Supporters said the measure would reduce confusion and predatory towing by creating uniform statewide standards, while opponents from the trucking industry argued the DPS rate structure was designed for emergency towing and that more stakeholder work was needed. After adopting an amendment clarifying the bill applies only to motor vehicles towed from private property, the committee passed the bill 7-0. Finally, the committee heard HB 2257, a strike-everything amendment changing how watercraft fee revenue is distributed between the watercraft licensing fund, the State Lake Improvement Fund, and boating safety/law enforcement purposes, while also requiring an annual expenditure report. Supporters said the change would help Mohave County and other local agencies that are covering more water patrol duties as Game and Fish resources are stretched, but Game and Fish warned the shift would create a significant fiscal impact and said the department is already operating with tight budgets. The committee adopted the amendment and gave the bill a do pass recommendation on a 4-3 vote.

Transcript Highlights:

• We work on the federal level.
• We work on the federal level. We work.
• And so we did... ...federal and state policy action.
• We're not a state-directed economy here.
• This is currently a liability, a federal liability.

Summary: The Advanced Nuclear Energy Committee met to hear a series of presentations on the economics, financing, workforce, and community impacts of advanced nuclear deployment in North Dakota. William Bridge of Nucleon Energy presented the committee’s economic impacts and private-sector financing report, estimating construction and operating job impacts, local spending, and state/local tax effects for hypothetical SMR projects. He said the report assumes first-of-a-kind costs are still high, used a $6 million per megawatt nth-of-a-kind proxy, and estimated peak construction workforces of about 500 for a 200-MW plant and 1,000 for a larger facility, with roughly 100 operating jobs for a 200-MW plant. Committee members questioned security costs, capital cost assumptions, water and transmission siting constraints, and whether the model included fuel and waste; Bridge said the report included initial fuel in capital cost and that waste disposal is funded through existing federal mechanisms. Lori Brady of the Nuclear Energy Institute then outlined national nuclear workforce needs and NEI’s strategic workforce planning efforts. She described declining labor-force participation, retirements, and the need for a much larger future workforce, and said NEI has organized recommendations around career awareness, pipelines, training and qualification, policy support, retention, and nontraditional recruitment. She highlighted tools such as the Nuclear Works career website, the Nuclear Energy Academic Roadmap, the new federal Energy and Natural Resources career cluster, and the Nuclear Uniform Curriculum Program for community colleges. Members asked about AI, timing for training relative to plant development, and whether advanced manufacturing would reduce staffing needs; Brady said AI is not expected to replace workers and that training timelines depend on the specific project and staffing plan. The committee also heard from Gary Yaco, mayor of Red Wing, Minnesota, who described Prairie Island’s role in his community. He said the plant provides a large share of local property tax revenue, supports well-paid jobs, contributes to emergency preparedness funding and training, and is broadly supported by the city despite periodic protests and public concerns. He emphasized the plant’s security, regular drills with local and federal responders, and the absence of problems with dry cask storage. Later, Benton Arnett of NEI discussed the current financing landscape for advanced nuclear, explaining how tax credits, federal loan support, off-take agreements, and new business models are helping projects move forward. He said early projects face high upfront costs and long lead-time procurement, but that investor confidence is improving as federal policy and regulatory streamlining continue. The committee asked about waste funding, comparisons with natural gas, the effect of political shifts on investor confidence, and whether the market will narrow to a few winning technologies; Arnett said the industry is still sorting that out, but expects clearer winners in the late 2020s and early 2030s. The meeting concluded with an introductory presentation from Julie Kazeraki of DOE’s Office of Energy Dominance Financing, who said the office is focused on accelerating nuclear deployment through financing support.

Transcript Highlights:

• About this, I'm more direct. My wife calls me a bull in a china closet. I'm very much more direct.
• It's a federal definition. Okay, Mr.
• Federal policy changes. Mr.
• If the federal policy shifts, New Mexico would follow the federal policy after that date.
• Again, those that are within the purview of federal law would go to the federal standard.

Transcript Highlights:

• Most students are going to use federal direct subsidized loans, probably backed by the government.
• The first one is new direct loan caps.
• The first one is new direct loan caps.
• I don’t have a direct correlation of that information.
• I'm originally from L.A., and I'm a direct product of the Song-Brown program.

Summary: The Assembly Budget Subcommittee on Health held a hearing focused first on the impact of H.R. 1 on medical student financing and physician access, then on state residency-support programs. The chair framed the discussion around expected federal Medicaid and student loan changes, warning that higher borrowing barriers could reduce access to medical school for lower-income students and worsen physician shortages, especially in underserved regions. The LAO explained that H.R. 1 would cap federal loans for professional students, eliminate Grad PLUS for new borrowers, and likely shift more students toward private loans with less favorable terms; it said the bigger concern may be who can afford to attend medical school rather than a sharp drop in enrollment. HCAI described three physician loan repayment programs—the State Loan Repayment Program, the Stephen M. Thompson Physician Corps Loan Repayment Program, and the County Medical Services Program loan repayment program—and said retention data show many awardees remain in California and in underserved or safety-net settings after service obligations end. University of California and UCSF witnesses described California’s physician workforce shortages, especially on the Central Coast and in rural and agricultural communities, and said affordability, limited medical school capacity, and burnout are pushing some doctors into concierge practice or out of underserved areas. They emphasized that students from low-income backgrounds and underrepresented communities are more likely to be affected by loan limits and that residency location strongly influences where physicians ultimately practice. Members asked about medical school capacity, out-of-state students, residency retention, and whether the state could expand slots or better target aid to keep physicians in California and in high-need communities. Public commenters urged the Legislature to consider shortages in anesthesia, pediatric subspecialties, midwifery, and culturally concordant care, and to support broader workforce pathways and public-service loan programs. The second panel reviewed graduate medical education programs, especially CalMedForce, CalMedForce Plus, and Song-Brown. UC and HCAI said CalMedForce has supported new residency slots since 2018, while Song-Brown funds primary care residency training and has recently supported new programs in rural areas such as Del Norte County. The LAO said the state should decide whether residency support should remain a budget priority, whether these competitive grant programs are the best mechanism, and whether their structures are too rigid or duplicative. It noted that most awardees receive funding more than once and that the programs overlap substantially, suggesting possible coordination or consolidation. A family physician from the California Academy of Family Physicians argued that stable funding for primary care residencies is essential, that many California-trained physicians stay where they train, and that future funding should be more deliberately directed to primary care and high-need communities. The hearing ended with discussion of emergency room crowding, geographic inequities in residency distribution, and HCAI’s plan to develop supply-and-demand models to guide future funding decisions.