Video & Transcript Research : 'judicial consent'

Page 109 of 389
US
Transcript Highlights:
  • He also responded judiciously to further questions in writing.
  • And I'd like to offer three documents and ask unanimous consent that they be put into the record.
  • Chairman, I would just ask unanimous consent to put into the record at this this point that 50% of the
Summary: The committee convened to discuss critical issues surrounding the nomination of Michael Falkender for the position of Deputy Secretary of the Treasury. This meeting included a series of remarks from committee members who expressed divergent views on Falkender's qualifications and the implications of his appointment. Senator Wyden voiced strong opposition, arguing that Falkender represents harmful policies expected to be perpetuated under the current administration, especially concerning taxpayer privacy and IRS tactics. Meanwhile, other members defended Falkender, noting his extensive experience, including a commitment to transparency in government operations if confirmed.
WY

Wyoming 2026 Regular Session

Senate Floor Session-Day 6, February 16, 2026-PM

Wyoming Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Yeah, we like consent of the owner.
  • <01:05:28.160> Yeah,<01:05:28.480> we<01:05:28.720> like consent of the owner
  • Yeah, we like consent of the owner.
  • <02:41:29.600> branch<02:41:29.920> is<02:41:30.319> required judicial branch is
  • required judicial branch is required between<02:41:32.319> the<02:41:32.640> secretary
Keywords: 916, all
US

US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session

US House Floor Proceedings (Thursday, June 26, 2025)

US Federal House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Ask unanimous consent to address the House. Unanimous consent to address the House for one minute.
  • Ask unanimous consent seek recognition?
  • Unanimous consent to address the house.
  • <02:26:59.200> that Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that Speaker, I ask unanimous consent
  • :33.360> that<05:42:33.520> the I ask unanimous consent that the I ask unanimous consent
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • gathered valuable insights from licensees and registrants about supervision challenges, informed consent
  • they're working with the client, they're working with them appropriately, they have the appropriate consent
  • would allow the board to access confidential records in complaint investigations without patient consent
  • Also, in cases involving third-party complaints... ...where a patient does not consent to the release
  • allows the Board of Psychology to obtain records through a subpoena and a civil court order, ensuring judicial
Summary: The joint sunset oversight hearing reviewed five regulatory entities: the Board of Behavioral Sciences, the Board of Psychology, the Physician Assistant Board, the Podiatric Medical Board, and the California Massage Therapy Council. Across the hearing, each entity described recent accomplishments, licensing and enforcement workload, workforce shortages, and efforts to modernize processes. Common themes included streamlining licensure, expanding access to care, addressing telehealth or emerging technology, and balancing consumer protection with workforce needs. For the Board of Behavioral Sciences, members discussed workforce shortages in mental health, supervision barriers, telehealth confidentiality, AI in therapy, interstate compacts, school-based services, and military spouse licensure. The board said it has expanded outreach, improved licensing processes, and created temporary practice authority tracking, while also expressing concern about counseling compacts and emphasizing California-specific law, ethics, and cultural competency. Public commenters supported the board’s work and the possible move to a national MFT exam, while also urging more resources. The Board of Psychology highlighted fee adjustments, streamlined licensure pathways, enforcement process improvements, new CPD requirements, and proposed changes including a psychotherapist-client privilege exception for investigations. Committee members and public witnesses focused heavily on that privilege proposal, with some members opposing it as too broad and privacy-invasive, while the board argued it is needed to obtain records in bias and sexual misconduct cases. The board also discussed workforce shortages, processing improvements, and the use of inactive status for psychological associates. The Physician Assistant Board reported growth in the PA workforce and education programs, SB 697 implementation, and financial pressure from rising enforcement costs. The main policy debate centered on physician-to-PA ratios and practice agreements, with board representatives and many public commenters arguing that current restrictions limit access to care, especially in rural areas, while the California Medical Association defended the need for explicit ratios and agreements. The board also discussed AI, fee increases, and tracking temporary practice authority. The Podiatric Medical Board described licensing and renewal reforms, residency expansion, enforcement support, and budget constraints, while public testimony raised concerns about a proposed fee increase and about reimbursement parity and practice recognition for podiatrists. Finally, the California Massage Therapy Council defended the certification model over licensure, citing lower costs, local government collaboration, anti-trafficking work, and its role in vetting applications and disciplining bad actors; no formal votes or final actions were taken during this portion of the hearing.
CO

Colorado 2026 Regular Session

Colorado House 2026 Legislative Day 108 May 2nd, 2026

Colorado House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • We never heard from judicial. We never heard from the bar association.
  • <01:28:55.199> responsibility a question of judicial responsibility a question of judicial
  • The committee will come to order with your unanimous consent.
  • Our government rests on the consent of the governed.
  • Let the people decide whether they want to consent to these changes.
Keywords: 981, all
Summary: The House convened with a quorum, approved the journal from April 30, 2026, and then moved through a series of announcements and introductions, including recognition of guests from Aurora Public Schools, remarks about International Workers Day and Law Day, and several social announcements about food events and a Cinco de Mayo potluck. The chamber also heard a brief recess and then proceeded to third reading business. The first major action was House Joint Resolution 10:30, sponsored by Representatives Gonzalez and Joseph, which designates a portion of Colorado Highway 14 in Weld County as Mono and Matt Road in memory of Eduardo Mono Hernandez and Matthew Garcia, two Greeley Central High School student-athletes killed in a 2014 crash. Sponsors and supporters described the resolution as a permanent tribute to the young men and to the Greeley community. The resolution passed overwhelmingly, 62-0, with three excused. The House then considered Senate Bill 143, updating the name of the Colorado Youth Advisory Council Review Committee, and Senate Bill 124, concerning information related to the automated protection order notification system. Both measures passed on third reading, each by a vote of 43-19 with three excused. The chamber also laid over Senate Bill 43 until Monday. Finally, the House took up House Bill 1421, which would prohibit certain compensation arrangements in the legal profession and create the Colorado Legal Practice Integrity and Fee Sharing Prohibition Act. Supporters argued it would prevent private equity from influencing law firms and protect client-focused legal judgment, while opponents raised concerns about separation of powers, the judiciary’s role in regulating lawyers, and possible effects on rural legal services and consolidation. One member requested and received an excusal from the vote due to a potential conflict. The debate continued as the transcript ended, with no final vote shown for the bill in the excerpt.
MA

Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session

Joint Committee on Ways and Means Jun 21st, 2026 at 11:00 am

Joint Committee on Ways and Means

Transcript Highlights:
  • when you start to say that you don't use the term potential on property that you don't own and have consent
  • when you start to say that you don't use the term potential on property that you don't own and have consent
  • You don't use the term “potential” on property that you don't own and have consent for that purpose yet
  • But I feel confident that we are working judiciously and working as hard as we can to help customers.
  • But I feel confident that we are working judiciously and working as hard as we can to help customers.
Keywords: 995, all
Summary: The Joint Committee on Ways and Means held a hearing at UMass Amherst on Governor Healey’s fiscal year 2027 budget, focusing on energy/environment-related transportation issues and the Massachusetts Department of Transportation. The chairs and members opened with thanks to UMass, university leadership, court officers, and legislative staff, and Chancellor Javier Reyes highlighted UMass Amherst’s research, workforce, sustainability, and transportation contributions, including energy research, transit operations, and partnerships with MassDOT. The hearing then moved to MassDOT and MBTA testimony on the administration’s transportation funding package, including House 2, the FY26 Fair Share supplemental, and a proposed four-year Chapter 90 authorization. MassDOT officials described the budget as part of a broader multi-year transportation investment strategy, citing funding for operations, snow and ice removal, regional transit authorities, the MBTA, the Merit Rating Board, sustainable aviation fuel credits, micro-transit and last-mile grants, unpaved road improvements, bridge and pavement work, and housing-related transportation infrastructure. They emphasized workforce expansion, capital delivery capacity, safety improvements, and local aid, including the new lane-mile-based Chapter 90 formula intended to benefit rural communities. Officials also discussed major projects and programs such as Grant Central, culvert and unpaved road grants, work zone speed cameras, congestion hotspot fixes, the Sagamore and Bourne Bridge projects, and MBTA operating support and safety upgrades. Testimony from the MBTA and rail/transit staff focused on improved ridership, service frequency, accessibility, and safety, including progress on the Green Line Train Protection System, reduced delays, expanded bus and commuter rail service, and the South Coast rail extension. Regional transit authorities reported increased ridership and described new fare-free, connectivity, and community transit grants. Aeronautics testimony covered airport capital work, drone and data programs, sustainable aviation fuel efforts, and workforce development in aviation maintenance. Committee members then asked questions, especially about Western Massachusetts priorities, Chapter 90 funding, bridge repairs, snow and ice costs, Cape Cod bridges, Buzzard’s Bay rail, and Compass Rail/West-East Rail. Officials said several federal rail grants were moving forward, that Sagamore Bridge procurement would begin soon, and that the administration remained committed to pursuing federal funding and multi-year transportation investments.
NH

New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session

House Finance (04/01/2025)

Transcript Highlights:
  • This will be on consent. Okay. Good.
  • This will be on consent. Okay. Good.
  • This will be on consent. Okay. Good.
  • go on consent. go on consent. M Mr.<01:47:45.760> Chair. M Mr. Chair. M Mr. Chair.
  • If for some reason consent is continued.
Keywords: 928, house, all
Summary: The committee first considered House Bill 66, a right-to-know measure that would broaden access from “citizen” to “person,” including out-of-state requesters. Members also adopted an amendment removing the current no-filing-fee provision for appeals of unfavorable right-to-know ombudsman rulings, citing budget concerns. The bill was then reported ought to pass as amended on a 16-9 vote, with a minority report requested. House Bill 187, which would let a parent or guardian seek a protective order on behalf of a minor alleging abuse by someone outside the family or household, was described as a narrow fix with little fiscal impact. It passed unanimously, 25-0, and was placed on the consent calendar. House Bill 215, requiring landfill permit applicants to submit a report on potential harms and benefits, was retained because its policy had been folded into House Bill 2; the committee voted 25-0 to retain it. House Bill 219, dealing with renewable portfolio standard changes and lower renewable energy certificate values, drew opposition from members who said it would weaken renewable energy development and raise concerns about energy costs, but the motion to retain was adopted 14-11, allowing the bill to be moved into House Bill 2. The committee then retained House Bills 365, 552, 566, 572, 607, 611, and 624, all by unanimous or near-unanimous votes, generally because the relevant policy or funding had been incorporated into House Bill 2 or because the bills were viewed as technical or low-impact. HB 566 was described as a landfill leach-management bill with a fiscal note under $10,000 annually and was sent to consent. HB 572 and HB 607 were retained because their money components were moved into HB 2, though one member objected that HB 607 represented an unfunded mandate for the Hampton Beach Area Commission. House Bill 511, concerning ICE detainers and county detention practices, generated the most debate. Supporters said the amendment clarified how long counties may hold detainees without a federal contract and compared the detention period to existing bail rules; opponents argued the bill could sanction detention of people not charged with crimes and raised due-process concerns. The committee adopted the amendment 14-11 and then reported the bill ought to pass as amended on another 14-11 vote, with a minority report requested. House Bill 639, involving securities and digital currency issues, was also reported ought to pass after members noted unresolved concerns but said the Secretary of State’s Securities Division was willing to continue working on it in the other body; the vote was 16-10.
NH
Transcript Highlights:
  • She then asked whether the committee was okay with the matter being on the consent calendar.
  • She then asked whether the committee would be okay with this being on the consent calendar.
  • 55.680> the committee be okay with this being on the committee be okay with this being on the consent
  • consent consent calendar<03:24:57.760> there's<03:24:58.080> yeah<03:24:58.600> okay
  • honorable colleagues, last year this committee passed a moratorium on new landfills and put it on the consent
Keywords: 928, house, all
Summary: The Environment and Agriculture Committee held a hearing on HB 566, which would require permit applications for new landfills to include a detailed leachate management plan. The bill sponsor said the measure was prompted by recent reporting on leachate problems at New Hampshire landfills, including alleged violations at a Bethlehem facility and deficiencies at other sites, and argued the bill is meant to improve public health protections without dictating specific treatment methods or hindering innovation. The sponsor also said the proposal was developed with input from the Department of Environmental Services (DES) and industry representatives, and that a forthcoming amendment would revise the bill’s language to better fit the permitting process. The sponsor explained that the amendment would move several requirements out of the contract section and into the planning section, change references such as “permit for construction” to “operating approval,” include landfill expansions, and remove language that could be read as requiring long-term contracts. Questions from members focused on whether the bill would create enforceable consequences if a plan is not followed, whether it would limit operators’ flexibility, and whether existing DES rules already cover the subject. The sponsor said enforcement details should be addressed by DES and emphasized that the bill would not lock operators into any particular contract or technology. The Business and Industry Association testified in opposition to the bill as introduced, saying it appeared unnecessary because DES already regulates leachate through existing rules, including Env 806.53, and has authority to update those rules as technology changes. The witness argued that putting the requirements into statute could freeze the regulatory framework, create conflicts with future rulemaking, and make it harder for DES to respond quickly to new treatment methods or operational issues. No vote or final action was taken at the hearing.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Legacy Finance Committee 4/15/26

Legacy Finance

Transcript Highlights:
  • This is a consent-based fund.
  • The plaintiffs we represent in the referenced federal case do not consent to the use of eminent domain
  • has consistently been to build a large project that places private land at risk without landowner consent
  • <00:25:43.520> For at risk without landowner consent.
  • For at risk without landowner consent.
Bills: HF3879
Summary: The committee approved the April 8, 2026 minutes and then took up House File 3879, the Legacy Finance Outdoor Heritage bill. The committee adopted the DE1 author’s amendment, which incorporated the Lessard-Sams Outdoor Heritage Council’s revised recommendations and made technical corrections, and staff explained that the bill appropriates about $191.081 million in Outdoor Heritage funding, plus carryforwards and an extension for a carp deterrent project at Lock and Dam. Staff also noted the bill makes no changes to the Clean Water Fund or Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund, and the bill was moved to the Committee on Ways and Means. A large portion of the meeting focused on the Roseau Lake rehabilitation/Roseau River restoration project and related concerns about landowner impacts, eminent domain, drainage, and whether Outdoor Heritage dollars are being used on private property. Landowners and their attorney testified that the project threatens private farmland, that they do not consent to easements or takings, and that funding should be paused until litigation and legal questions are resolved. They described flooding, drainage problems, financial burdens, and long-term harm to family farms, and asked the committee to suspend funding for the project. Supporters of the project, including Roseau Mayor Dan Fabian and farmer/watershed district manager Jason Bratton, said the project is part of a broader flood-mitigation effort following the 2002 Roseau flood and would help control water, reduce flood damage, and improve conditions for downstream farmers. After testimony, the committee considered the A5 amendment, offered by Representative Heintzeman, which would delete the Roseau Lake Rehabilitation Project Phase 3 from the bill. Members debated the amendment, with some emphasizing landowner concerns and pending litigation and others defending the project and the council’s vetting process. The transcript cuts off during continued discussion, and no final vote on the A5 is shown in the provided text.
NH

New Hampshire 2026 Regular Session

House Labor, Industrial and Rehabilitative Services (01/27/2026)

Labor, Industrial and Rehabilitative Services

Transcript Highlights:
  • about our judicial department. >> Okay.
  • And then put it on the consent calendar. Any objection to putting it on the consent calendar?
  • put it on the consent calendar. put it on the consent calendar.
  • >> Any objection to putting on consent >> Any objection to putting on consent calendar
  • >> Seeing none, it goes on the consent >> Seeing none, it goes on the consent calendar
Keywords: 1189, house, all
US

US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session

US House Floor Proceedings (Wednesday, July 23, 2025)

US Federal House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to speak out of order.
  • Speaker, I ask unanimous consent >> Mr. Mr.
  • I ask unanimous consent to address the House. Oh, sorry. Mr.
  • Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to >> Mr.
  • Speaker, I seek unanimous consent to >> Mr.
NM

New Mexico 2026 Regular Session

House - Health and Human Services Feb 4th, 2026 at 08:36 am

House Health & Human Services

Transcript Highlights:
  • I do believe that one should make a decision on informed consent.
  • second in partnership with the New Mexico Supreme Court to educate justices and judges and other judicial
Keywords: 996, all
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • day 20 of masked men and women making arrests without identifying themselves, without presenting judicial
  • colleagues introduce legislation targeting LGBTQ+ kids, silence from elected officials sounds like consent
Summary: The Select Committee on Hate, Racism, and Xenophobia met to examine the scope of hate activity in California and hear from state agencies, commissions, and community organizations. The chair opened by framing hate as a persistent crisis affecting many protected groups, and Assembly Member Gonzalez briefly joined the committee. The first panel included the California Department of Justice and the California Commission on the State of Hate, both of which presented recent data and policy recommendations. The Department of Justice reported that in 2024 California saw 2,023 reported hate crime events, 2,568 hate crime offenses, and 2,491 victims, with anti-Black bias remaining the most common category, followed by anti-Jewish and anti-Latino bias. DOJ also said referrals for prosecution increased, and it described its hate-crimes guidance, rapid response protocol, and multilingual resources. The Commission on the State of Hate said hate is undercounted in law enforcement data and cited a survey suggesting about 2.6 million Californians experienced at least one hate act in a year, including more than half a million potentially criminal incidents. It recommended permanent data infrastructure, mandatory law enforcement training, and continued funding for community-based prevention and victim support. The committee then heard testimony from representatives of the NAACP, LULAC, Jewish Public Affairs Committee of California, CHIRLA, Asian Americans Advancing Justice Southern California, CARE, Equality California, and the Racial Equity Commission. Witnesses described systemic racism, anti-immigrant enforcement, antisemitism, Islamophobia, anti-Asian bias, and anti-LGBTQ+ hate, often linking these harms to political rhetoric, social media, and federal actions. They urged the Legislature to fund programs such as California vs. Hate, Stop the Hate, nonprofit security grants, language access, school and mental health supports, and legal assistance, while also protecting civil rights, due process, and free speech. No formal votes or committee actions were taken during the hearing, but members indicated they would request additional recommendations and continue the discussion in future hearings.
TX

Texas 89th 2nd C.S.

S/C on Family & Fiduciary Relationships Apr 28th, 2025

S/C on Family & Fiduciary Relationships

Transcript Highlights:
  • I'm offering this legislation to expand judicial discretion in a way that keeps the child's best interest
  • Um, and to consent to medical care is inappropriate.
Bills: HCR 10
TX

Texas 89th Regular

Homeland Security, Public Safety & Veterans' Affairs Mar 19th, 2025

Homeland Security, Public Safety & Veterans' Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • removal of aliens not lawfully present in the United States. with both congressional intent and judicial
  • I request that the bill be sent to local. and consent calendars. Mr. Chairman, I close.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Committee on Environment, Climate and Legacy - 03/17/26

Environment, Climate, and Legacy

Transcript Highlights:
  • I spent 30 some years suing the government in the judicial branch, and it's a privilege to talk to this
  • of these funds for private eminent domain takings, for private eminent domain takings without the consent
  • It's a consent-based fund.
  • Um, these kind of lawsuits are the ultimate expression of non-consent.
  • consent required by law. Thank you all. consent required by law. Thank you all.
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Committee on State and Local Government - 01/23/25

State and Local Government

Transcript Highlights:
  • the largest of three courts that exist inside the executive branch of government, instead of the judicial
  • They report to the Campaign Finance Board, and they’re subject to the code of judicial conduct.
  • We’re known for using the judicial process, which many of us come to with trust in its neutrality and
  • We don't, so their judicial review is contained within this single decision maker within the commissioner
  • your agency also does the um judicial your agency also does the um judicial review<01:46:57.599>
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
US

US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session

US House Floor Proceedings (Tuesday, May 12, 2026)

US Federal House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Applicants voluntarily consent verify.
  • Speaker, I ask unanimous consent >> Mr.
  • consent.
  • Speaker, I ask for unanimous consent.
  • So, it was a fit of judicial activism, a predictable fit of judicial activism.
MN
Transcript Highlights:
  • We have two one-county districts: the Second Judicial District in Ramsey and the Fourth Judicial District
  • body for the judicial branch.
  • District in Ramsey and the Judicial District in Ramsey and the Fourth<00:02:52.400> Judicial<
  • court judges are elected by Judicial court judges are elected by Judicial District<00:03:19.879>
  • assisted as I mentioned by a Judicial assisted as I mentioned by a Judicial District<00:04:57.560
Keywords: 1183, house
Summary: The House Judiciary Finance and Civil Law Committee heard a presentation from State Court Administrator Jeff Shorba on the Minnesota judicial branch’s 2026-27 budget request. He outlined the courts’ structure and workload, noting 322 judges, about 2,800 staff, roughly 1 million district court cases annually, and a current budget of about $479 million. Shorba emphasized the courts’ constitutional role, the fact that court fines and fees are deposited into the general fund rather than retained by the branch, and recent legislative investments that helped reduce pandemic-era backlogs, improve technology, sustain treatment courts, and raise interpreter and examiner pay. The budget request focused on several areas: a 6% judicial salary increase to address recruitment and retention problems, including a 15% rise in turnover and a 27% drop in applicants since 2020; funding for health care and office lease cost increases; digital accessibility compliance work required by new federal ADA rules; a modernized justice partner access system for court records; higher pay for forensic psychological examiners, whose workload has risen sharply; increased juror compensation from $20 to $100 per day and mileage adjustments; and ongoing funding for interpreters, jury services, and cybersecurity. Shorba said the total request would be a 12% increase over the FY 2026-27 base budget. Members asked follow-up questions about funding for newly launched treatment courts and how those courts are financed after federal grants expire. Shorba said he would provide more detail later and noted the branch generally starts treatment courts with federal funding before seeking state support. Representative Ric also asked about labor negotiations, and Shorba explained that the judicial branch negotiates its own contracts rather than using the executive branch, with three unions involved and many unrepresented employees. No votes or formal actions were taken during the discussion.
MA

Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session

Combatting Antisemitism Jun 21st, 2026 at 12:30 pm

Transcript Highlights:
  • University of Massachusetts system and the former Associate Justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial
  • know, long before the events of 10-7, there was a raucous and at times a very lively debate about judicial
  • They are not alone, but they have a community of people who stand with something that is frequently consent
Keywords: 995, all
Summary: The meeting was a special commission hearing on antisemitism held off-site at Kerem Shalom Synagogue in Concord, with commissioners approving prior minutes and noting a quorum, a rescheduled October 27 meeting, and the addition of a new commissioner. The co-chairs and host speakers emphasized the personal and communal significance of holding the hearing in a synagogue and the importance of confronting antisemitism while protecting free speech, academic freedom, and civil discourse. The commission heard from former SJC Justice and current UMass General Counsel David Lowy, who discussed the IHRA definition of antisemitism, said its use as nonbinding guidance does not raise First Amendment concerns, and described UMass’s response to a discriminatory academic conference policy. Commissioners also asked about campus speaker vetting, protest rights, and university practices for addressing antisemitism and protecting students’ access to education. District Attorney Marian Ryan testified about restorative justice as a tool for addressing hate incidents, saying it can help victims be heard, reduce reoffending, and be used in criminal, school, and community settings. She described local programs, online reporting forms, and the need for better statutory tools, including changes to restitution and education requirements in hate-crime cases. Commissioners asked whether restorative justice affects charging decisions, and Ryan said it should not alter whether a hate crime is investigated or charged. She also identified model programs and said the commission’s work aligns with the national strategy it is charged with implementing. Three rabbis then described the rise in antisemitic incidents in schools and communities, the emotional toll on Jewish families, and the need for stronger school responses, clearer language in incident communications, and better training for educators. Rabbi Brad David recounted repeated incidents in Acton-Boxborough and praised the district’s improved partnership and response, while Rabbi Tom Shah described parental anxiety, concerns about classroom materials lacking context, and the need for balanced instruction. The rabbis also discussed synagogue security costs and measures, including volunteer security teams, police support, grants, and physical protections. Commissioners said the testimony would inform forthcoming recommendations, and DESE staff noted they are developing instructional-materials guidance and a rubric for educators. The final witness, Professor Christina Miller, outlined hate-crime prosecution issues in Massachusetts, including mixed-motive cases, the need for clearer statutes and jury instructions, better training for police and clerk magistrates, guidance on sentencing and diversity-awareness programs, and the use of community impact statements.