Transcript Highlights:

• And this is Alex Greenberg, Economic Development Advisor, Office of the Governor, Quantum Briefing.
• I'm the Economic Development Policy Advisor for the Office of the Governor.
• I got to work as the Director of the Science and Technology Office for the State Economic Development
• To lose the economic development upside of this multi-trillion dollar industry by the mid-2030s.
• On page 9, we'll talk a little bit about the economic development flywheel.

Transcript Highlights:

• Members, you're here today from agriculture, energy, and economic development.
• This is a strategy that intertwines environmental sustainability with rural resilience and economic development
• development.
• development.
• technology and Rural Economic technology and Rural Economic Development<00:50:44.720> and

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• To Commerce and Economic Development. H641. To Education. H642. To Judiciary. H643.
• To Commerce and Economic Development. H649. To Commerce and Economic Development. H650.
• To Commerce and Economic Development. H651. To Commerce and Economic Development. H652.
• >> to commerce and economic development >> to commerce and economic development >>
• <00:02:44.959> development<00:02:45.599> age >> to commerce and economic development

Keywords: 926, house, all

Summary: The House opened with a moment of silence, the Pledge of Allegiance, and the introduction of 23 House bills by number only after suspending the rules. Members then made several announcements, including birthday recognition for a member from Derby, a farm-to-school and universal school meals observance highlighting local agriculture, school nutrition, and five years of universal school meals, and welcomes for guests including the Garvey family, who were connected to legislation that became H.613. Additional announcements noted upcoming caucus meetings for Working Vermonters, Vermont’s economy, the rural caucus, and House Progressives, along with a reminder that a House photo and workplace training would follow adjournment. On the action calendar, the House took up H.28, relating to adding an affirmation option to oath requirements in titles 1 through 10 of the Vermont Statutes Annotated. The bill was read a third time and passed on voice vote. The chamber then considered H.409, relating to procedures for bail revocation. Representative Goodnau of Brattleboro offered an amendment, which was adopted on voice vote, and the amended bill was then read a third time and passed on voice vote. The discussion on H.409 referenced a Judiciary Committee straw poll and described the amendment as making the bill a more accurate reflection of its purpose. After completing the day’s orders, members made final caucus and scheduling announcements. The House Democrats and House Republicans said they would not caucus that day, while House Progressives announced a noon meeting in Room 44. The House then voted to adjourn until Wednesday, January 14, 2026 at 3:00 p.m., with the motion approved by voice vote.

Transcript Highlights:

• Two, workforce development and training.
• So the money doesn't work, and the energy economics yet doesn't work.
• And the cost of production will cause significant economic hardship.
• More than 50% of economic losses from natural disasters go uninsured.
• And this is also not an economic protectionist bill.

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The committee hearing focused on a broad set of climate, energy, and environmental justice proposals. Early testimony strongly supported the Climate Change Superfund or “Polluter Pays” bill (H.1014/S.58), which would assess the largest fossil fuel emitters for a one-time fee based on historic emissions to fund climate adaptation. Sponsors argued the bill is modeled on Superfund cleanup principles, would target only the largest multinational polluters, would not be passed on to consumers, and would direct a significant share of funds to environmental justice communities. Committee members asked about the number of companies covered, consumer impacts, and whether the bill would address other forms of environmental destruction; sponsors said it was limited to major fossil fuel companies with a Massachusetts footprint and did not cover other pollution sources. The committee also heard testimony on a fusion energy compact proposal (S.673) that would direct the administration to develop a framework for a New England regional compact to accelerate fusion research, workforce development, and supply-chain growth. Supporters from MIT and the Association of Independent Colleges and Universities said fusion could become a major clean-energy and economic opportunity, but acknowledged the technology is not yet commercially viable and still has unresolved technical, cost, and waste-management questions. Members pressed on environmental impacts, siting, waste, costs, and whether the bill would create a compact or only a framework; sponsors said it would only create the framework and that the administration would need to negotiate with other states. Another major topic was a pilot program for nature-based climate solutions (H.971/S.??), backed by legislators, Boston Harbor Now, and UMass Boston’s Stone Living Lab. Witnesses said the bill would help speed permits for research and demonstration projects such as living shorelines, marsh restoration, and hybrid “green-to-gray” flood protections, while maintaining safeguards and protecting Indigenous and historic resources. Committee members asked how the proposal would interact with other permitting reforms and whether it could conflict with housing or wetland-related streamlining; supporters said it was complementary and aimed at making projects faster, more affordable, and more data-driven. The hearing also covered climate-safe buildings and climate adaptation funding bills. Supporters of H.1004/S.583 said current building codes do not adequately account for future flooding, heat, and wind, and the bill would add climate expertise to the building board, allow stretch resilience codes, expand floodplain standards, and create a retrofit program. Related testimony backed H.938/S.572, which would create a dedicated climate and community resilience fund financed by a small fee on property insurance premiums; advocates said it would provide stable long-term revenue for adaptation, especially in environmental justice communities, and help replace unreliable federal funding. One witness from CLF supported the climate-safe buildings and funding bills but opposed S.560/H.939 as too broad. The committee also heard testimony on airport air-quality legislation (H.997) calling for more monitoring and mitigation of ultra-fine particulate pollution around Logan Airport and Massport communities. No votes were taken during the hearing.

Transcript Highlights:

• I'm going to try to start this meeting, the second meeting of the Budget Review on Economic Development
• Our mission is to support the promotion and development of Kentucky tourism, arts, and heritage as a
• and marketing Outreach our development and marketing Outreach our mission<00:02:42.360> is<00
• of Kentucky Tourism Arts and development of Kentucky Tourism Arts and Heritage<00:02:47.000> as
• development.

Keywords: 958, all

Summary: The committee met for the second Budget Review on Economic Development, Public Protection, Tourism, and Energy and approved the minutes from the previous meeting. After a quorum was confirmed, members heard a presentation from Melissa Brewer of the Tourism, Arts, and Heritage Cabinet, along with Olivia Atkins of Kentucky State Parks and Commissioner Mike Manet of the Kentucky Department of Tourism. The presentation focused on the state’s 1% tourism meeting and convention marketing fund and the broader role of tourism in Kentucky’s economy. Brewer explained that the fund is used only for marketing and promoting tourism-related activities, cannot be used for capital or construction projects, and must be reported annually to the governor and LRC. She said the Governor’s budget and enacted budget increased appropriations in response to growing transient room tax receipts, adding $3 million in FY 2025 and $7 million in FY 2026, and noted legislative support for the Kentucky Mountain Regional Recreation Authority, the National Quilt Museum, and the Southern Kentucky Tourism Initiative. Manet emphasized that tourism marketing drives overnight visitation, local spending, jobs, and economic development, and described the 1% fund as the source for marketing, advertising, website development, public relations, international and group sales, trade shows, research, and regional matching funds. He highlighted efforts to secure media coverage and said the matching funds program distributed $2 million last year to 87 local tourism commissions across the state. No votes or other committee actions were taken beyond approving the minutes.

Transcript Highlights:

• If they economic development advantage.
• Economic development tools custom homes.
• > that<00:31:47.440> they economic development agencies that they economic development
• We even economic development incentives.
• coming<01:03:00.400> and economic development that was coming and economic development that

Keywords: Meeting Start 00:00:15 Roll Call 00:00:45 Discussion of Pro-Growth Housing Policies 00:02:33 Adjournment 01:17:15, 958, all

Summary: The Housing Task Force 2.0 reconvened with several new members and heard a presentation from Kentucky Housing Corporation Executive Director Winston Miller and Deputy Executive Director Wendy Smith. They framed the task force’s work as a practical effort to address Kentucky’s housing shortage, update members on the current housing landscape, summarize existing state and federal resources, and suggest areas for the task force to focus on over the coming year. KHC said its 2024 housing supply gap analysis found Kentucky is short about 206,000 housing units, split roughly evenly between rental and homeownership, and projected the gap could grow to 287,000 units by 2029 if current trends continue. They emphasized that every county in Kentucky needs more housing, that the 2008 housing crisis and loss of construction capacity remain major causes of the shortage, and that current pressures include high interest rates, rising insurance and tax costs, construction cost inflation, and housing prices and rents growing faster than incomes. KHC also said homelessness has risen in Kentucky, with point-in-time counts showing double-digit increases in recent years. The presenters reviewed existing resources, including federal programs, the Kentucky Affordable Housing Trust Fund, the rural housing trust fund, KHC mortgage and down payment assistance programs, and the state mortgage interest deduction. They said these resources are important but insufficient to close the gap, and noted that a proposed federal FY2026 budget would cut HUD programs by 44%, potentially removing about $286 million from Kentucky housing resources, though no action has been taken yet. They urged the task force to consider stronger, more flexible tools such as a revolving loan fund, a state affordable housing tax credit, and economic development and employer-assisted housing incentives, and pointed to Indiana’s housing infrastructure and regional development funds as examples. No votes or formal actions were taken in the portion provided.

Transcript Highlights:

• In fact, the potential for economic development is exciting for struggling communities across the state
• Data centers can represent an important opportunity for economic development and growth in Minnesota.
• from data center development.
• If your district lies outside the seven-county metro, you know that attracting economic development projects
• Immediate job creation will generate economic impact through construction jobs during development, and

Bills: HF2928, HF2912, HF2297

Keywords: water appropriation, data centers, environmental review, energy conservation, permit application, carbon-free energy, geothermal energy, renewable energy, Macalester College, appropriation, sustainability, solar energy, pollinator programs, license plates, agrivoltaics, environmental sustainability

Transcript Highlights:

• <00:09:23.920> The<00:09:24.240> member and economic development.
• The member and economic development.
• <00:09:38.560> Are commerce and economic development.
• Are commerce and economic development.
• the committee on commerce and economic the committee on commerce and economic development.<00:10

Keywords: 926, house, all

Summary: The House opened with a devotional message from Representative Chris Marorrow centered on humility, uncertainty, and keeping a “beginner’s mind” when making decisions. He used a farmer story, a Zen teaching, and a Christian text to emphasize that outcomes are often unknowable and that lawmakers should remain open, curious, and aware of unintended consequences. The chamber then suspended rules to introduce 15 House bills by number only and referred them to committees, including bills sent to Energy and Digital Infrastructure, Judiciary, Government Operations and Military Affairs, Environment, Ways and Means, Commerce and Economic Development, Healthcare, Human Services, and Agriculture, Food Resiliency, and Forestry. The House also adopted JRS 34, a joint resolution setting the weekend adjournment schedule so the two chambers would reconvene no later than Tuesday, January 27, 2026. Several committee reassignment motions were approved: H.724, relating to involuntary psychiatric medication in emergency circumstances, was moved from Human Services to Healthcare; and H.661, relating to workers’ compensation coverage for firefighters with cancer, was moved from General and Housing to Commerce and Economic Development. Announcements included a Farmers Night event, a Climate Solutions Caucus meeting, and recognition of guests in the gallery. The House then adjourned until Thursday, January 22, 2026, at 3 p.m.

Transcript Highlights:

• <00:02:42.000> sustainable<00:02:42.480> funding developing sustainable funding developing
• has the potential to drive economic has the potential to drive economic growth<00:04:52.720>
• everybody's talent to be developed as absolutely as far as they can go.
• everybody's talent to be developed as absolutely as far as they can go.
• We really need in the state, and we need to develop everybody's talent to be developed as absolutely

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• I am the state advocacy director for the Eye Development and Economic Association, often referred to
• It's a strategic move toward a safer, more responsible, and economically prosperous future.
• More responsible and economically prosperous future.
• A lot of them develop stereotypies, compulsive disorders. They walk around in circles.
• Senate Bill 280... ...developing thoroughbred horse racing in communities across our state.

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The Joint Committee on Consumer Protection and Professional Licensure held a hearing on a range of gaming, racing, horse protection, problem gambling, and lottery bills. A major focus was H. 356 and related horse-racing legislation, which drew strong support from residents and animal-welfare advocates who argued that proposed racetrack and simulcast developments should require upfront traffic, environmental, public health, and economic studies, plus stronger local approval and transparency. They said past proposals in several communities had lacked adequate information and had imposed costs on towns. Opponents, including the New England Horsemen’s Benevolent and Protective Association, argued that the bills would harm racing, breeding, farms, and related jobs, and said horse racing is already heavily regulated and that claims about slaughter and safety were overstated. Several speakers also supported S. 280, which would protect horses and phase out or restrict horse racing, citing animal cruelty, injuries, and deaths. The committee also heard extensive testimony on SB 235 and HB 332 to authorize regulated online casino gaming (iGaming). DraftKings, FanDuel, IDEA, and the Sports Betting Alliance supported the bills, saying iGaming is already occurring illegally in Massachusetts and should be brought into a regulated, taxed market with age verification, responsible gaming tools, and consumer protections. They projected substantial annual tax revenue and argued legal iGaming would not cannibalize brick-and-mortar casinos, instead creating a “rising tide” effect. Opponents, including Local 26, the National Association Against iGaming, and problem-gambling advocates, warned of job losses, casino cannibalization, increased addiction, and greater harm to vulnerable players, citing experiences in other states and rising helpline calls. The committee asked for follow-up information on revenue and market-size estimates. Later, Rep. Scanlon testified in support of S. 240 and S. 241, which would standardize gambling disclaimers and require annual reporting on problem-gambling treatment funded through the Public Health Trust Fund. He said the bills would make it easier for people to find help and improve oversight of treatment programs. Rep. Garcia testified in support of H. 434, which would change the formula for distributing lottery revenues, arguing that gateway and lower-income communities such as Chelsea contribute heavily to lottery sales but receive too little back in local aid. After hearing additional testimony and reading into the record bills that received no testimony, the committee recessed briefly, then closed the hearing by motion and vote.

Transcript Highlights:

• The paper examines the economic effects of this bill.
• It has a $300 million annual economic impact.
• wanting to move into the region, and this current tax law cooling those economic development efforts.
• And so really, I think the offset here is with the economic development, yeah, and that is possible,
• And so really, I think the offset here is with the economic development, yeah, and that is possible,

Summary: The Senate Finance Committee heard several tax and economic development bills. SB 935 would exempt counties from the motor fuels tax on fuel used exclusively in county vehicles; Sen. Hall and Cass County Judge Travis Ransom argued it would save counties money without changing fund allocations, and the bill was left pending while the committee waited for the House version. SB 2206 would extend and revise Texas’s research and development incentives by tying the franchise tax credit more closely to federal law and changing the program’s effective date; supporters from business, manufacturing, and tax policy groups said it would protect innovation jobs and help startups, while the Comptroller’s office explained the fiscal note and said the committee substitute was no longer needed. The committee later withdrew the substitute and left the bill pending before ultimately voting it out favorably. The committee also heard SB 2020, which would repeal the “rehab tax” on nonresidential remodeling. Sen. Campbell said a large fiscal note led him to delay a full presentation, but builders, architects, and contractors testified that the tax raises remodeling costs, complicates audits, and discourages reuse and reinvestment in existing buildings. The bill was left pending. SB 2018 would create a two-year “strong families” tax credit for businesses donating to nonprofits that provide family support services; supporters from Family First, Buckner International, and Texas Baptist said it would strengthen families, father engagement, and upstream prevention, while the author said the Comptroller and HHSC were still working on administration details. That bill was also left pending. After a quorum was established, the committee heard and later reported several bills favorably. SB 1030 would exempt certain aircraft maintenance, repair, and overhaul parts from sales tax for general aviation; industry, airport, and local economic development witnesses said it would keep high-wage aviation work in Texas and improve competitiveness with neighboring states, and the bill was reported favorably. SB 214 would create a temporary sales tax holiday for qualifying residential HVAC systems; it was laid out and left pending. SB 1901 would make administrative and ethics changes to the Opioid Abatement Fund Council, including staggered terms, conflict rules, and fund reallocation procedures; it was reported favorably. SB 266 would repeal the Texas Research Incentive Program and use the appropriation to address the existing backlog of unmatched donations; the chair and Sen. Paxton said the state should honor past commitments, and the committee substitute was adopted and the bill was reported favorably. The committee then recessed subject to the call of the chair.

Transcript Highlights:

• The name of our regional planning agency is the Nantucket Planning and Economic Development Commission
• The planning and economic development commission.
• Nantucket Planning and Economic Development Commission.
• As you go through a master plan process and an economic development plan process, we're hearing it's
• development commission does not author and does not planning an economic development commission does

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The Joint Committee on Municipalities and Regional Government held its first hearing of the year and took testimony on a large slate of home rule petitions and related local bills. Early testimony focused on H. 2314 for the Dukes County Regional Lockup Fund, with supporters from Martha’s Vineyard saying the island’s lockup is essential to local policing and that the fund would be supported by town assessments rather than state money. The committee also heard support for S. 21, a Nantucket bill to amend the Nantucket Planning and Economic Development Commission, and for several local governance measures including Akushnet’s charter change to remove a two-year waiting period for former officials taking appointed paid positions, Rochester’s governance reform bill defining the town administrator’s role, Berkeley’s proposal to convert the treasurer-collector position to an appointed office, Hanson’s permitting enforcement bill, and a Wellfleet bill authorizing a lease for the food pantry. A major portion of the hearing centered on S. 21 for Nantucket, with witnesses sharply divided. Supporters argued the commission needs broader representation, more transparency, and a structure that better reflects town meeting votes, citing repeated town meeting approvals and frustration with delays in bringing reforms forward. Opponents, including current commission members and staff, said the existing commission is already working on its own reform proposal, that the bill was advanced without sufficient collaboration, and that elected seats and term limits would narrow participation and complicate the commission’s advisory role. Committee members questioned both sides about the town meeting process, the commission’s responsibilities, and the timing of competing proposals. The committee also heard testimony in favor of a bill allowing the Cotuit Fire District to pursue source-water protection projects on private property with owner consent, citing concerns about aquifer contamination and rising treatment needs, and in support of legislation requiring AEDs, with a Norfolk County register of deeds describing the low cost and life-saving value of the devices. Another witness spoke in favor of a regional commission proposal for Middlesex County, arguing that local communities need stronger regional planning tools to address development and environmental pressures. No votes were taken on the bills during the hearing; the chair later read many additional bills into the record and then adjourned the meeting.

Transcript Highlights:

• This is bad economic development.
• Was there an economic development analysis done with regard to the project and its economic impacts on
• Was there an economic development analysis done with regard to the project and its economic impacts on
• WAS THERE AN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS DONE WITH REGARD TO THE PROJECT AND ITS ECONOMIC IMPACTS ON
• I WANT TO QUICKLY HIGHLIGHT TWO REALLY REALLY IMPACTFUL AND BIG ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS.

Keywords: 993, senate, all

Summary: The Senate opened with the Pledge of Allegiance and an invocation, then approved the prior day’s Journal and moved into motions, resolutions, and budget-related business. Senator Gianaris called up Senate Print 5898A for reconsideration; the Senate voted 59 ayes to restore the bill to the third reading calendar. Several amendments were also received on third-reading bills, and the Finance Committee was called into session while the chamber proceeded with resolutions. The Senate adopted Resolution J.2106 recognizing Second Chance Month and the mental health impacts of incarceration, with Senator Brisport speaking in support and a guest from the community recognized in the chamber. The body also adopted Resolution J.1492 designating May 27, 2026, as Taiwan Heritage Day, with remarks from Senators Sepúlveda, Stavisky, and Liu highlighting Taiwanese contributions to New York and expressing support for Taiwan amid current geopolitical tensions. The Finance Committee then reported several budget bills, including Senate Prints 9003D, 9004D, 9007C, and 9009C, which were moved to third reading. The remainder of the session focused on the supplemental and controversial budget calendars, especially tax and spending provisions. Senators debated the “Protecting Our Wallets” energy rebate, with supporters describing it as a one-time check for eligible taxpayers and critics arguing it was too small and not tied directly to utility bills; the chamber accepted the message of necessity and laid the bills aside. Members also debated extensions and changes to tax provisions affecting corporations, alternative fuel exemptions, Broadway and theatrical production tax credits, charitable deductions for certain 501(c)(3)s, nicotine pouch taxes, a new New York City pied-à-terre tax, and a standardbred horse-racing testing fee. Several senators criticized the budget as raising costs or favoring certain industries, while supporters defended the measures as revenue-raising, affordability, or public-health policies. No final votes on the controversial budget bills are shown in the excerpt beyond procedural rulings, adoption of the resolution calendar, and acceptance of committee reports.

Transcript Highlights:

• That is how you protect ratepayers while continuing to attract modern economic development in Texas.
• The opportunity to lead the nation and secure significant jobs, economic development, and tax benefits
• The opportunity to lead the nation and secure significant jobs, economic development, and tax benefits
• We believe that economic development must be the central tenet of the legislative and regulatory processes
• We bring a lot of revenue, we bring a lot of economic development, but we don't use services.

Keywords: 1184, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• We'll call the Committee on Jobs and Economic Development to order.
• Greater Minnesota and economic Greater Minnesota and economic development<00:21:21.960> and
• A lot of them have some attempt at some kind of ADA-type development or economic development, and they
• development uh or Economic Development development uh or Economic Development um<01:00:14.680>
• Minnesota Economic Development within R Minnesota Economic Development within R Minnesota and<01

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Chairman and members of the committee, I have the Deputy Economic Development Secretary and the Chief
• One of the main issues with economic development projects is the timelines, which are taking too long
• and construction of owned or contracted resources for economic development projects.
• This is innovative legislation that helps maintain utility infrastructure and further develop economic
• Department as being certified Economic Development Potential projects.

Transcript Highlights:

• We primarily fund economic development and community development projects.
• Um, that's how you access our economic development and community development programs.
• development revolving fund, the cannabis microprogram, which was an offshoot of our economic development
• Um, so the Economic Development Department has rulemaking authority there.
• So the return of those dollars in terms of economic development, community development, that has not

Transcript Highlights:

• But we do not just develop new crops; we also develop new scientists, including graduate students and
• But we do not just develop new crops; we also develop new scientists, including graduate students and
• But we do not just develop new crops; we also develop new scientists, including graduate students and
• But we do not just develop new crops; we also develop new scientists, including graduate students and
• <00:26:23.640> Development significant Economic Development significant Economic Development

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Do pass as amended to Business, Professions and Economic Development.
• Do pass to Business, Professions and Economic Development. Senators Allen, Ochoa Bogh, aye.
• Do pass, as amended, to the Committee on Business, Professions, and Economic Development.
• Do pass to the Business, Professions, and Economic Development Committee.
• Do pass to the Business, Professions, and Economic Development Committee. Current vote 12-0. Allen?

Keywords: 987, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Another topical area for the Food Policy Forum: regional food infrastructure and rural economic development
• For areas that are already developed or unusable.
• There's a pretty vast economic impact there.
• We are also working on developing a farm bill, a state farm bill.
• We are also working on developing a farm bill, a state farm bill.

Summary: The House Agriculture and Natural Resources Committee held a work session on food systems and food security, with no public testimony. The first panel focused on household food security and data. Marie Spiker of the University of Washington explained what food insecurity means, its health impacts, and the importance of reliable measurement, warning that the federal Census food security data is being terminated and that there is no true replacement. She described Washington’s WaFOOD surveys as a useful complement, not a substitute, and noted that they show food insecurity affects households at a range of income levels. Katie Raines of WSDA described the state’s food systems work, the need for shared data and dashboards, and the role of agriculture in both food production and the hunger safety net. Committee members asked about the $2.2 million state food assistance allocation, the scale of the SNAP gap, and how household size, housing costs, and other factors intersect with food insecurity. The committee then heard from Tracy Roof of the University of Richmond on the history of SNAP and its relationship to agriculture. She traced the program from Depression-era commodity distribution through the modern farm bill, emphasizing that food assistance has long functioned both as anti-hunger policy and as an agricultural and economic stabilizer. She highlighted how SNAP expands during recessions, supports retailers and farmers, and has become more important since the Great Recession because participation stayed high even as the economy recovered. Roof also noted that Washington has relatively high SNAP participation and low payment error rates, but that recent federal changes could reduce eligibility and shift more costs to states. Members asked how Washington compares to other states and why the program is structured as it is. A later panel featured the Washington State Food Policy Forum and a joint systems presentation from the Washington Farm Bureau, Washington Retail Association, and Washington Food Industry Association. The Food Policy Forum described its consensus-based recommendations on food insecurity, climate and water, regional food infrastructure, farmland protection, and farm viability, including more support for producer purchasing, water planning, and farmland conservation. The industry groups presented a systems map showing how agriculture, processing, retail, and transportation are interconnected, and argued that rising costs, regulations, labor and fuel expenses, retail theft, and thin margins make it harder to keep farms and stores viable. They said food security depends on store viability and local agricultural profitability, and promised to provide a more detailed list of policy recommendations. The final panel included state agency staff from DSHS, DOH, and WSDA. Bryce Montgomery said the Basic Food program serves about 920,000 Washingtonians monthly and warned that H.R. 1 could require Washington to pay up to 15% of SNAP benefits, broaden work requirements, and restrict immigrant eligibility. Karen Mullen described DOH nutrition programs, including WIC, farmers market nutrition benefits, fruit and vegetable incentives, and a fruit-and-vegetable prescription program, while noting funding instability and the end of SNAP-Ed. WSDA’s Katie Raines began describing ongoing food assistance and farmer support challenges, including farmer mental health and the need to address food insecurity across both producers and consumers.