Transcript Highlights:

• We've done lots of presentations and educational materials presented in those places as well as others
• <00:35:40.160> and determined through field testing and determined through field testing and
• Um, but they went ahead with the testing Um, but they went ahead with the testing of<00:36:31.520
• and the the observations of the testing and the the observations during<00:36:36.720> the<00:
• ><00:36:38.000> that during the test and the modeling that during the test and the modeling that

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• that they'd be losing out when we've got a set calendar for the state for the statewide assessment test
• out<00:21:16.320> of<00:21:16.400> the<00:21:16.559> control take the test
• that is out of the control take the test that is out of the control of<00:21:16.960> the<00:21
• these testing days and everything,<00:25:03.679> if<00:25:04.000> everyone<00:25:04.480
• organization that we're whatever testing organization that we're using<00:25:28.640> now,<00:

Keywords: 1191, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• and for testing for impurities.
• and for testing for impurities.
• and for testing for impurities.
• and for testing for impurities.
• mean there are real material mean there are real material consequences<01:49:21.119> of<01

Keywords: 1191, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• , cost, there's the cost of materials, cost, there's the cost of materials, there's<00:14:56.800>
• It's tied to cost of construction material, cost of labor, and construction material are at all-time
• It's tied to cost of construction material, cost of labor, and construction material are at all-time
• , tied to cost of construction material, tied to cost of construction material, cost<02:06:53.119
• All that language came material.

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• He said the computer is just a more complicated, less materialized version of that.
• There were 11 members present. marketing material for the lottery marketing material for the lottery
• Upselling exploratory testing before diagnostic testing is being seen more and more, according to the
• <04:53:44.200> before upselling exploratory testing before upselling exploratory testing before
• > seen<04:53:46.480> more diagnostic testing is being seen more diagnostic testing is being

Keywords: 928, house, all

Summary: The committee first heard CACR 6, a proposed constitutional amendment by Representative Keith Ammon to recognize a fundamental right to use computation resources. Ammon argued that computing is now essential to daily life, speech, education, and economic opportunity, and said the amendment was intended to push back against government or corporate restrictions, citing a 2023 federal executive order on AI registration and reporting as an example of the kind of precedent he wanted to oppose. He said the proposal should be simple and clear because it would go to voters, and he compared the right to compute to other constitutional rights that do not require the government to provide the underlying tools. Committee members raised concerns about the breadth of the language, including whether it could affect encryption, authentication, network security, energy use, and other regulatory issues. Representative McFarland questioned whether the amendment could interfere with security measures, while others asked whether it would prevent ordinary network management such as throttling or require the state to provide internet access or hardware. Ammon responded that the right would not entitle someone to other people’s resources and said encryption and similar issues would sort themselves out. Several members also raised concerns about child safety, public safety, and whether existing laws could still regulate misuse of computing; Ammon said reasonable limits would still apply, similar to other constitutional rights. Sarah Scott of Americans for Prosperity testified in support, saying the amendment would protect innovation, individual autonomy, and economic competitiveness by preventing overregulation. After questions concluded, the chair closed the hearing on CACR 6. The committee then opened House Bill 615, sponsored by Representative Dan Maguire, which would substantially rewrite the state’s drug-forfeiture law. Maguire said the bill is intended to improve fairness and efficiency in cases where property such as cars or cash is seized in connection with drug offenses, noting that the criminal case and the civil forfeiture case are currently handled separately, with the property case prosecuted by the Attorney General’s office. He explained that the bill addresses courtroom procedure for these forfeiture actions and is meant to make the process more specific and orderly.

Transcript Highlights:

• We are convening as the Environmental Safety and Toxic Materials Committee.
• So these are studies where an inoculum of bacteria placed on the test subject's hands, the test article
• So they want us to design the studies to test in a consumer-clinical way how these products work.
• Well, those tests will take several years to complete. They take several years even just to design.

Keywords: 988, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• I'm familiar with the process of pyrolysis taking trees or agricultural material, woody biomass, at high
• It will allow the permitting of gravity wells with appropriate and rigorous testing and reporting afterward
• We have with us today Adam Harper, with the California Construction and Industrial Materials Association
• committee, Adam Harper, Senior Director of Policy with the California Construction and Industrial Materials

Summary: The Assembly Natural Resources Committee met with some initial delay while waiting for quorum, then approved the consent calendar items SB 234, SB 484, and SB 839. The committee heard several bills focused on wildfire mitigation, biomass use, climate resilience, and geologic hazard mapping. Members and witnesses repeatedly emphasized the need to balance climate, air quality, public health, and land management goals, with testimony both supporting and opposing biomass-related proposals. SB 88 (Caballero) would direct state agencies to support beneficial uses of forest and agricultural biomass, including biochar and low-carbon energy. Supporters argued it would reduce open burning, improve air quality, and create rural economic opportunities; opponents, including environmental groups, argued woody biomass energy is costly, polluting, and harmful to forests and communities. The bill passed as amended to Appropriations. SB 653 (Cortese) defining environmentally sensitive vegetation management also passed, with supporters describing it as a voluntary framework to align wildfire fuel reduction with biodiversity and habitat restoration; no opposition was heard, and a member requested to be added as a coauthor. The committee also approved SCR 50 (Stern), which urges state climate agencies to define maladaptation and develop criteria for reviewing climate-related policies and investments, and SB 567 (Limón), a pilot program to study converting idle oil wells into gravity energy storage wells. SB 567 drew support from the sponsor and labor/local government witnesses, while the Water Replenishment District opposed unless amended, citing groundwater protection concerns in key basins and asking for additional safeguards. Finally, SB 831 (Limón) passed, clarifying the scope of geologic hazards to include conditions tied to climate change and natural disasters such as post-fire debris flows, subsidence, and coastal erosion. All measures were reported out of committee, with several absent-member votes later added to complete the roll.

Transcript Highlights:

• This election is a test of our democracy, and this is a tool to help make sure that voters have access
• practices that reduce opportunities to vote in a way that is disparate and discriminatory and has a material
• Yes-and-no argument summaries, and ballot labels used in county voting materials.
• In the course of preparing those materials, we do extensive research.
• First, it ensures that voters who currently receive in-language materials under Section 203 don't lose

Keywords: 987, senate, all

Summary: The Senate Committee on Elections and Constitutional Amendments heard several election-related measures. SB 884 by Senator Umberg proposed expanding electioneering buffer zones around polling places and ballot processing sites, limiting certain law enforcement activity near those sites, increasing vote center and drop-box access, and extending the vote-by-mail receipt deadline to 10 days. Supporters said it would protect voters from intimidation and disruption, while county election officials opposed it as operationally difficult, costly, and too close to the election. The bill was amended and ultimately passed out of committee on a 4-1 vote, with the chair later recording it as out. The committee also heard SB 1164 by Senator Cervantes, part of the California Voting Rights Act of 2026 package, which would expand state voting-rights protections against vote dilution and voter suppression, add preclearance-style review for some jurisdictions with recent violations, and direct courts to interpret election laws in favor of voting access. Support came from civil rights and voting rights groups, while one city raised concerns about pending litigation. After discussion, including questions about how the bill would apply, it passed to Judiciary on a 4-1 vote. SB 900 by Senator McNerney would shorten and standardize disclosure language on political advertisements, especially billboards and mailers, while increasing mailer disclosures from three to five top funders. It drew support from transparency and advertising groups and passed to Appropriations on a 5-0 vote. The committee then considered SB 1225 and SCA 3 by Senator Niello, which would shift responsibility for ballot title and summary language from the Attorney General to the Legislative Analyst’s Office; supporters argued this would improve neutrality, while opponents said the current elected AG system is accountable and efficient. Both measures were opposed by labor groups and were ultimately approved on divided votes. Finally, SB 1360 by Senator Cervantes would expand language-access requirements for election materials, lower the threshold for coverage, and create a petition process for additional languages; it was supported by voting-rights and immigrant advocacy groups but opposed by county election officials unless amended. The bill passed 5-0.

Transcript Highlights:

• have a manufacturing base like we do, but that translates to the fact that we've got to move raw materials
• It really is going to materialize this spring whenever we start to get the wet season, and we'll find
• In 2019 and 2020, as we started to see that inflationary pressure begin to materialize, we've taken a
• Representative, I think your WPA highway and help me remember because I'm testing my memory a little
• You know, material cost or labor costs when we talk about federal requirements, you know, those kind

Keywords: 914, all

Transcript Highlights:

• This year, we implemented online written testing.
• meet the written test requirement.
• We created study materials for the written tests, practice tests, and FAQs to establish a first-time
• It's really around CDL testing.
• to the written test to everything.

Keywords: 914, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Every baby born in Florida already receives a total bilirubin test.
• has an ACA code, billing code 8249, for a combined total and direct bilirubin test.
• It's a measurement adjustment, ...and direct bilirubin test. So this is not a system expansion.
• It's a measurement adjustment within an existing test. And here are the numbers.
• The Medicaid reimbursement rate for this repeat test is $3.11.

Bills: S0042, S0688, S0762, S1168, S1296, S1298, S1300, S1318, S1332, S1376, S1548, S1570, S1574, S1632, S1634, S1750

Keywords: child protection, medical records, investigation, abuse, neglect, healthcare, Child Protection Team, diagnosis, criminal defense, legal representation, death penalty, indigent defense, regional counsel, conflict of interest, background screening, athletic coaches, youth sports, criminal history, expungement, Florida statutes

Summary: The committee first took up CS for SB 42 on specific medical diagnosis and child protective investigations. A late-file strike-all amendment was adopted that made only stylistic changes to align with the House version. Supporters said the bill would help DCF and child protective teams better identify rare medical conditions and give parents a chance to defend against mistaken abuse findings. The bill was then reported favorably. The committee also approved SB 1570, which restores a prior program to help locate missing persons with special needs through voluntary tracking devices and coordination with sheriff’s offices and CARD centers, with nonrecurring funding included. Members then advanced several education, disability, and public services measures. CS for CSSB 182 created a teacher training and mentoring program for high-performing current and retired teachers to mentor teachers in D- and F-rated schools, and CS for CSSB 794 required background screening for employees in residential and day training programs for people with developmental disabilities while directing APD to study support coordination quality, workforce issues, and service gaps. Testimony on SB 794 strongly supported better training, lower caseloads, and more consistent support coordination. The committee also favorably reported CS for CS SB 1168 on background screenings, CS for CS SB 214 to allow rural special districts to pay verified invoices directly, CS for SB 1376 to create grants for genetic counseling education, and SB 1574 (Maddie’s Law) to add newborn screening for biliary atresia; the latter drew emotional support and testimony that early screening could save lives and reduce transplant costs. The committee heard and passed a number of other policy bills, including CS for CS for SB 1510, the DEP agency package, after environmental groups warned that one provision could delay basin management protections and allow more septic systems in impaired watersheds; the bill still passed favorably. Members also approved CS for CS for SB 598 on funeral and cemetery regulation, SB 688 to license naturopathic doctors, SB 1318 on scholarship account reversion rules, CS for CS for SB 682 on domestic violence injunctions and penalties, SB 130 on workforce training for current and former inmates, and SB 1548, the latest Live Local affordable housing update. Several bills were briefly postponed or taken up later in the meeting. In the latter portion of the meeting, the committee approved CS for C.S. for SB 536 on criminal gang membership criteria, CS for C.S. SB 762 on assigning conflict capital cases across regional counsel offices, SB 1332 on career offender registration requirements, CS for CS for SB 1742 creating a new offense for indecent exposure of sexual organs to a child, and CS for SB 1750 increasing penalties for serious sex offenses and child sexual abuse material crimes. The committee also debated CS for SB 1226 on Public Employee Relations Commission procedures and union certification rules, including a late-file amendment setting a 60% threshold and 25% quorum for recertification; the discussion focused heavily on constitutional concerns, union rights, and differences between first responders and other public employees. The transcript ends while that bill’s debate is still underway, with the committee having already taken numerous favorable votes throughout the meeting.

Transcript Highlights:

• So the per se and functional tests of activities that are incompatible with the legislator, I got to
• And then it says, you know, the functional test applies to specific legislative actions, votes, and the
• So the per se and functional tests of activities that are incompatible with the legislator, I got to
• I think it's in the board's materials. It's in the board's materials. I think it's 22.
• Did you assist me in putting together Exhibit F of our materials that we submitted to the board?

Summary: The hearing resumed in the Legislative Ethics Board matter involving Tara Simmons after the board confirmed no ex parte communications had occurred overnight. Respondent’s counsel moved to dismiss two allegations at the close of the board staff’s case: that Simmons pressured the Administrative Office of the Courts to alter a contract in favor of her employer, and that she violated ethics rules by combining legislative support for AEJG with a personal donation to the organization. Board staff opposed the motion, arguing the evidence showed Simmons’s legislative and personal dealings were intertwined. After a recess for deliberation, the board denied the motion to dismiss, and the hearing moved into the defense case. The first defense witness was Sharon Navas, executive director of the Equity and Education Coalition (EEC). Navas testified that she met Simmons in 2018, later hired her, and took steps to separate Simmons’s legislative duties from her work for EEC. She said Simmons was never paid for lobbying or legislative acts, that her compensation came from unrestricted funds, and that the organization used written ethics-compliance language and a formal scope of work. Navas also described the proviso-funded dashboard project involving Anthony Powers and Chris Stanley, testifying that Simmons was not involved in the project’s day-to-day work, did not attend the meetings about the dispute, and was not part of the alleged contract disagreement. On cross-examination, staff focused on the contract documents, the dashboard work, and whether the scope of work matched the parties’ understanding. Tara Simmons then testified in her own defense. She described her background, legislative career, disability accommodations, and extensive efforts to seek ethics guidance from House counsel and board-related materials before taking outside employment or supporting provisos. She said she relied on prior ethics advice when separating her legislative role from outside work and when seeking provisos for AEJG and EEC. Simmons also addressed her relationship with Anthony Powers, describing it as a friendship rooted in criminal justice reform work and prior collaboration. The hearing was still in the middle of Simmons’s direct testimony when the transcript excerpt ended, with no final ruling on the merits or disposition of the allegations.

Transcript Highlights:

• So CalHFA, when we prepare a, or when we stand up a program, all of our program guidelines and materials
• You must do that in order to not have everybody's toilets back up and hazardous materials all over your
• This is tested to some degree, but absolutely that is heard in terms of, and also to Senator Gabaldon's
• And so this is why we’ve got to ground test stuff with people who are actually making these decisions
• And so with the increase of the, over the reduction of the 25% test, while we're doing more volume at

Keywords: 987, senate, all

Summary: The subcommittee heard May Revision proposals focused on housing, homelessness, and related administrative changes, and took no votes, holding items open for later action. Item 1 would realign staff positions and resources as part of the Governor’s housing and homelessness reorganization, including shifting two Cal ICH positions to HCD, moving one Cal ICH position for communications/external affairs, and authorizing a chief deputy director at the new Housing Development Finance Committee. Administration witnesses said the changes were technical and net zero-cost, while the LAO recommended approval but asked for clarification on funding for the chief deputy. Several senators questioned whether the staffing shifts would weaken Cal ICH’s homelessness work and whether adding communications capacity was appropriate without new housing funding. Item 2 proposed creating a $100 million Disaster Rebuilding Fund at CalHFA, with $56 million General Fund and $44 million in existing National Mortgage Settlement funds, to support disaster-impacted homeowners through tools such as loan loss guarantees and interest rate buy-downs. CalHFA said the fund would help homeowners bridge the gap between insurance proceeds and rebuilding costs and would work through approved lenders. The LAO raised concerns about the lack of alternatives in the proposal, the broad discretion left to CalHFA in program design, and the General Fund cost. Senators pressed for more detail on eligibility, equity safeguards, lender oversight, and how many homeowners would actually benefit, with some warning the proposal was too open-ended and could miss the most vulnerable households. Item 3 addressed trailer bill language for HAP Round 7, including a proposed $500 million General Fund allocation tied to new accountability measures, pro-housing designation requirements for 14 large cities and 11 counties, local match requirements, streamlined system performance metrics, and recapture/reallocation of unspent funds. HCD said the proposal would avoid a new application process by treating Round 7 as additional disbursements of Round 6 and would provide technical assistance to jurisdictions. The LAO and several senators questioned the timing, the burden of pro-housing designation and local match requirements, the vagueness of some standards, and whether the proposal would delay rather than speed up funding. Members also debated whether the trailer bill preserved or weakened existing homelessness accountability metrics and whether the approach was too complicated given local budget pressures and ongoing homelessness needs.

Transcript Highlights:

• Get their testing in.
• It's not taking into account those healthcare facilities that are Already doing this testing.
• A typical test costs between $50 to $200.
• , they have something in their test that says they may have a problem.
• or screening. test or screening.

Keywords: 999, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• And that pond gets tested. We tested it every quarter for what could be in the water.
• capacity to test.
• capacity to test.
• How do we test the secondary effluent treatment? We've done testing for the primary.
• But because these tests are not cheap, we are only limited to do three rounds of testing.

Summary: The Assembly Select Committee on Biotechnology and Medical Technology held an informational hearing on the role of biotechnology industries in wastewater treatment, hosted at Bakar Labs on the UC Berkeley campus. Opening remarks emphasized California’s water scarcity, the rising cost of wastewater infrastructure, and the need to reuse and clean contaminated water. Committee members framed the hearing as a look at both current treatment challenges and emerging technologies that could improve water quality, affordability, and resilience over time. The first panel focused on statewide wastewater challenges. BACWA Executive Director Laurie Fono described wastewater plants as part of a broader circular economy, noting their roles in recycled water, environmental enhancement, biosolids management, carbon sequestration, and renewable energy generation. She highlighted major challenges including aging 1970s-era infrastructure, nutrient reduction mandates, sea level rise, evolving regulations, and PFAS source control. She said Bay Area agencies face about $11 billion in nutrient reduction costs, with rate increases, state revolving funds, WIFIA loans, and bonds as the main financing tools. Members asked about regional differences, energy revenue opportunities, smaller decentralized plants, and agricultural collaboration. The second panel featured researchers and lab experts discussing biotechnology solutions. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab’s Dr. Romine Chakarvati described using microbial communities and machine learning to help break down PFAS and treat produced water. CEL Analytical’s Dr. Yigi Dearborn explained pathogen testing for direct potable reuse, wastewater monitoring, and the need for larger sample volumes and more funding to validate methods for viruses and protozoa. Stanford’s Dr. Chunhung-Shin presented an anaerobic membrane system that turns domestic wastewater into clean water and energy with less biosolids and lower operating costs. Committee members asked about AI, assay development, scaling technologies, and funding priorities. Public comment from the California Association of Sanitation Agencies stressed the need to balance scalability, reliability, and affordability, and the hearing adjourned without any formal vote or action.

Transcript Highlights:

• So all of this discussion about an increase in the TAT hurting tourism never materialized in the last
• You're telling us maybe not till 2027 that we're going to have these tests.
• It can take us nine months to even test one thing for a sewer and cesspools.
• You're telling us maybe not till 2027 that we're going to have these tests.
• It can take us nine months to even test one thing for a sewer and cesspools.

Keywords: 912, senate, all

Summary: The Senate Committee on Economic Development and Tourism and on Water and Land heard testimony on HB 504, a measure relating to environmental stewardship and funding for natural resource protection and restoration. Supporters included multiple state agencies and advocacy groups, such as DLNR, HTA, Hawaiʻi Ocean Legislative Task Force, Resources Legacy Fund, the Hawaiʻi Climate Action Coalition, and others, who said the bill would create dedicated funding for environmental, climate, and cultural resource needs and help address wildfire, flood, coastal storm, and tourism-related impacts. Several witnesses emphasized that Hawaiʻi’s environmental funding gap is large and that visitor contributions should be directed to stewardship and restoration. Some supporters also urged that the measure be applied equitably across all visitor accommodations and related uses, including cruise ship cabins and state rooms, while a few suggested amendments to broaden coverage or create a working group for implementation. Opposition and concerns focused largely on the bill’s tax structure and legal/administrative issues. The Department of Budget and Finance and the Tax Foundation questioned the reimbursable general obligation bond special fund in part two, suggesting it be converted to a regular special fund or deleted. The Attorney General’s office said part two may violate the single-subject rule in the state constitution and recommended deleting it. The Department of Taxation said the proposed points-and-miles language would be difficult to audit and enforce, and Expedia and others said the proposed tax treatment of loyalty points and certain payment forms would be operationally difficult. Industry witnesses also warned the bill could raise costs in a high-tax destination and asked for more marketing support if the tax is increased. The committee also heard concerns that a new tax on cruise ship cabins could raise federal preemption issues. The chair noted the testimony count as 23 in support, 179 in opposition, and one with comments. No vote was taken in the portion provided, and the hearing ended with questions from senators and agency responses about possible amendments, enforcement, and constitutional concerns.

Transcript Highlights:

• <00:24:46.080> and<00:24:46.240> paying cheat on standardized tests and paying cheat
• on standardized tests and paying coaches<00:24:46.840> and<00:24:46.960> administrators
• We have 6,200 course sections transitioned to zero-cost materials and 126,000-plus students enrolled
• and 126,000 plus students cost materials and 126,000 plus students enrolled<00:38:50.480> in<
• taking courses, so if we can bring faculty together to develop that core of courses, those free materials

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• They've been tested and reported and reported and reported.
• They've been tested and reported and reported and reported.
• You’re welcome to submit additional comments and materials in writing. We are now back in the room.
• Problems that can be avoided, like surface material that's too large or too loose to actually that can
• be avoided like surface material that's too large or too loose to actually be accessible no accessible

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The hearing covered several environment and natural resources bills focused on natural and working lands, forest protection, municipal reforestation, trail accessibility, and a park naming bill. Representative Moschino and Senator Comerford described the natural and working lands bill as part of the state’s climate roadmap, arguing that protecting these lands supports carbon sequestration, resilience, biodiversity, and helps prevent development pressure on the least expensive land. Senator Comerford also testified on a separate bill to expand access to trails for people of all abilities, saying it would build on the administration’s Trails for All initiative and create a permanent advisory structure and trust fund. Representative Consolvo and family members testified in support of H. 4259 to name the tennis courts at Wether Park in Roslindale after Kim O’Connell, describing her long community service and activism. A large portion of the hearing focused on H. 952 and H. 953, bills to protect watershed and state forest lands as parks or reserves. Supporters, including environmental advocates, scientists, and organizations such as Standing Trees, Sierra Club, The Nature Conservancy, and the Massachusetts Forest Alliance’s opponents, debated whether state forests and watershed lands should be permanently reserved from logging and other active management. Supporters said the bills would improve carbon storage, water quality, biodiversity, flood and drought resilience, and would protect large acreages of public land at no cost. Opponents, including the Massachusetts Forest Alliance, argued that sustainable forest management and a mix of reserves and managed forests are needed for climate, water quality, wildfire prevention, rural jobs, and carbon outcomes, and urged the committee to allow the administration’s existing reserve process to continue. The committee also heard extensive testimony on the municipal reforestation bill, H. 1013/S. 553, which would create a statewide program, advisory council, and trust fund to support urban tree planting and maintenance. Municipal officials and advocates from Wellesley, Cambridge, Boston, the Mystic River watershed, and other communities said urban trees are critical for cooling, stormwater control, air quality, public health, and equity, especially in environmental justice neighborhoods with low canopy cover and high heat. Several witnesses emphasized that consistent funding is needed because trees take years to mature and many municipalities lack staff or watering capacity. Some witnesses asked that the bill be funded at $100 million and tied to the Mass Ready Act or environmental bond funding. No votes or final committee actions were taken during the hearing.

Transcript Highlights:

• This is the new material.
• So that is new material, correct?
• So is this new material or not new material?
• We have the sunset; it's new material because then it would revert back to this material, but it's new
• So it's new, old material. So, Madam Chair, Mr.

Transcript Highlights:

• So means-tested programs have larger impacts in parts of California with relatively low costs.
• Through the USDA Local Food Purchasing Assistance Program, we have been able to test this concept and
• But I know for us, where we're working on some irrigation improvement projects, the cost of materials
• Irrigation improvement projects, the cost of materials have actually been very impacted, where a budget
• So right now we're seeing it in the cost of materials and inputs.

Summary: The joint oversight hearing focused on food insecurity in California and how state and federal nutrition programs, agricultural production, and food distribution systems intersect. Assemblymembers emphasized that many Californians, including farmworkers, seniors, children, and communities of color, remain food insecure despite California’s agricultural abundance. Panelists and members discussed CalFresh, WIC, school meals, Sun Bucks, food banks, and the impact of federal policy changes, including possible nutrition cuts, tariffs, and immigration enforcement, on access to food and the agricultural workforce. Secretary Karen Ross described CDFA programs aimed at improving access to fresh food and supporting local agriculture, including the senior farmers’ market program, California Nutrition Incentive Program, Healthy Refrigeration Grant Program, Community Food Hubs, Farm to School, urban agriculture, and a proposed tribal food sovereignty program. She said these efforts help connect local producers to consumers, expand healthy food access, and build infrastructure such as refrigeration, mobile markets, and aggregation hubs. Department of Social Services Deputy Director Alexis Fernandez Garcia outlined CalFresh, CFAP, Sun Bucks, CACFP, emergency food programs, and tribal nutrition assistance, noting that CalFresh and related programs significantly reduce poverty and food insecurity, but participation gaps remain for non-English speakers, some Asian American communities, and undocumented households. PPIC researcher Tess Thorman presented data showing that 13% of California households experienced food insecurity in 2023, with higher rates among households with children and Latino, Black, and other households. She said nutrition programs reduce poverty and food hardship, but federal rules, income thresholds, immigration restrictions, and high living costs limit their reach. Members asked about simplifying applications, improving call center access, increasing outreach in multiple languages, and adjusting benefits for inflation. Officials said the state has used available federal options to streamline enrollment, improve customer service, and target outreach, but many core rules and benefit levels are set federally. The second panel shifted to food production and market access. A farmer, a UC food systems leader, and a produce distributor described efforts to connect small and medium farms with food banks, schools, universities, and Medi-Cal food-as-medicine programs. They highlighted programs such as Farms Together, the USDA Southwest Regional Food Business Center, Farm to School, food hubs, and climate-smart infrastructure grants as ways to create stable markets for local growers while improving food access. Speakers also raised concerns about land tenure, consolidation, regulatory burdens, labor constraints, and the loss of federal funding, and members discussed whether state investments and Prop. 4 funds could help sustain and expand these efforts.