Video & Transcript Research : 'classroom'
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TX
Texas 89th Regular
Press Conference: Legislative Update May 1st, 2025 at 09:05 am
Transcript Highlights:
- It will prohibit discussions of sex and gender ideology in the classroom and reinstate the requirements
Keywords:
immigration, children's rights, E-Verify, social transitioning, election integrity, Texas GOP, legislative session, urgent legislation
Summary:
The committee meeting was characterized by fervent discussions surrounding critical legislation, particularly regarding immigration, children's rights, and election integrity. Key bills such as HB2258, aiming to ban social transitioning for children, and E-Verify legislation were highlighted as urgent priorities. Several representatives expressed frustration over stalled bills and emphasized the necessity of decisive action to fulfill their commitments made during their campaigns. The urgency was marked by the approaching deadline for bill passage, with only days remaining in the legislative session. Members urged House leadership to prioritize these bills, warning that failure to act would undermine public trust in their capacity to fulfill the Republicans' campaign promises.
TX
Texas 89th 2nd C.S.
Press Conference: Legislative Update May 1st, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- Of sex and gender ideology in the classroom and reinstate the requirements for parents to opt their children
FL
Florida 2025 Regular Session
March 27, 2025 - 09:30 AM
Transcript Highlights:
- from the families, but you're also taking the opportunities away from the other children in the classroom
Summary:
The Health Professions and Program Subcommittee met and reported several bills favorably. PCS for HB 647, which allows physicians to use advanced practice registered nurses under written protocol to certify deaths and file death certificates for hospice patients, passed unanimously after brief supportive testimony from hospice, AARP, and physician assistant representatives. HB 803 on acupuncture updated outdated statutory language, clarified the definition of acupuncture, listed allowable point injection therapy items while prohibiting certain drugs, and affirmed referral authority for imaging and labs; it passed 16-1 amid support from acupuncture stakeholders and opposition from several medical groups.
PCS for HB 1545 would create recurring state funding for Parkinson’s disease research at the University of South Florida and a consortium of Florida universities; it drew support from USF, the Michael J. Fox Foundation, and Mayo Clinic, with concerns raised about limiting participation to universities, and it passed unanimously. HB 901, which clarifies procedures for parents challenging court-appointed psychologists in family law cases, passed 15-1 with support from a witness and no debate. HB 591, the children with developmental disabilities/autism bill, was presented as a broad early-diagnosis and intervention measure to help children enter treatment and mainstream life sooner; it received supportive testimony from the Florida PTA and strong floor support, and passed unanimously.
Finally, PCS for HB 1299, the Department of Health agency bill, made multiple changes including preventing the mRNA vaccine from sunsetting in statute, adding vaccination-status protections in the patients’ bill of rights, updating medical marijuana center screening and reporting requirements, revising nurse active-practice requirements, making technical compact changes, and extending sovereign immunity protections to dental students doing charitable clinic work. After a brief note that optician-related provisions had been removed, the bill passed unanimously. The committee adjourned after reporting all measures favorably.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- We share classroom space. Students take classes at different buildings.
Bills:
SB 49
Summary:
The Senate Committee on Education K-16 heard several higher education bills and took public testimony on each. Senate Bill 60 would let public junior college libraries donate outdated, duplicative, or valueless materials instead of treating them as surplus property; no public testimony was offered, and the bill was left pending. Senate Bill 49 would expand performance-tier funding incentives so community colleges are also rewarded for student transfers to private four-year universities; it also received no public testimony and was left pending.
Senate Bill 365 would allow higher education institutions to choose a transcript lookback period between 5 and 10 years for adult undergraduates seeking to waive older transcripts. Senator Eckhardt and witness Daniel Arrevalo described how old academic records can block adults from returning to college; the bill was left pending after testimony. Senate Bill 895 would expand the FAST dual-credit program beyond public school students to include eligible private school and homeschool students, with support from the Texas Private Schools Association, the Texas Homeschool Coalition, and a coordinating board witness explaining the funding structure; it too was left pending.
Senate Bill 1400 would clarify what counts as a transfer for performance-tier funding by allowing students with 30 or fewer prior university credit hours to still be counted as transfer students when moving from a public junior college to a general academic institution. Former Representative Leighton Schubert testified that the change would address funding losses and better reflect modern student pathways; after testimony, the bill was left pending. The committee then recessed subject to the call of the chair.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- But it also gives all the typical kids in the classroom an opportunity to not see our kiddos as taboo
Summary:
This was a press conference calling on the Texas Legislature to increase and reform funding for special education, with speakers arguing that the current system leaves a roughly $1.7 billion gap and forces districts to stretch general education dollars to cover mandated services. Sabrina Gonzalez Ocedo of The Arc of Texas opened by framing the issue as one of equity and self-determination for students with intellectual and developmental disabilities, and noted support for legislative efforts including Senate Bill 568 and House Bill 2. She also thanked a coalition of advocacy groups and legislators involved in special education funding work.
Representative Steve Toth spoke in favor of investing surplus dollars in special education, citing high rates of functional illiteracy and dyslexia among prison populations and saying earlier intervention could change life outcomes. Amy Litzinger described how accommodations and assistive technology helped her succeed in school and urged continued investment so other students can access similar supports. Sarah Harden, a parent and disability advocate, shared her daughter’s positive experience in a well-supported district but warned that many Texas districts cannot provide comparable services because of funding shortages and that families are increasingly worried about cuts.
Rachel Hull, a special education director, said well-resourced special education is transformational and outlined the need for individualized services, therapies, vocational training, and college readiness supports. Jean Mayer, a school trustee, said districts are struggling to meet state and federal requirements because funding does not match actual costs, pointing to staffing shortages and the need for parent engagement and professional development. The speakers repeatedly urged lawmakers to fully fund Senate Bill 568 and broader special education reforms this session; no votes were taken, as this was an advocacy event rather than a committee hearing.
FL
Florida 2026 Regular Session
Governmental Oversight and Accountability Mar 11th, 2025
Governmental Oversight and Accountability
Transcript Highlights:
- Senator Polsky asked what happens to maps already in classrooms and whether they would have to be replaced
Summary:
The Committee on Governmental Oversight and Accountability met and reported several bills favorably. Senate Bill 7000 repealed the sunset on a public records exemption protecting site-specific location information for threatened and endangered species; Senate Bill 7006 preserved exemptions for building plans and related records showing 911, E911, public safety radio, and NG911 infrastructure; and Senate Bill 7004 extended the exemption for property photographs and personal identifying information tied to certain housing assistance programs. Each of those bills drew no questions, no public testimony, and no debate before favorable votes.
The committee also considered Senate Bill 448 on administrative procedure, which proposed broader reforms to the Administrative Procedure Act, including agency rulemaking oversight and cost-benefit analysis requirements. An amendment removed the bill’s eight-year sunset. The Florida Bar’s Administrative Law Section testified with concerns that some provisions could chill agency guidance, increase costs and delays, and create standing issues for challenges. Supportive testimony also came from Americans for Prosperity and the James Madison Institute. After debate, the committee reported the bill favorably as amended.
Senate Bill 1058, as amended, updated state references to the “Gulf of America” in geographic and instructional materials and removed the road designation of Tamami Trail. Senator Polsky objected to the change as unnecessary and wasteful, while the sponsor said the bill simply aligns materials with the new name going forward. The committee adopted the strike-all amendment and then reported the bill favorably. Later, Senate Bill 924 was heard and amended to expand state employee fertility preservation coverage beyond cancer to other medically necessary treatments, remove age limits, require coverage of standard cryopreservation services, and set storage limits. Senators Polsky and Rodriguez praised the measure as important for young patients facing infertility risks, while one senator questioned whether the state group plan was the right vehicle. The committee reported SB 924 favorably, and members later recorded additional affirmative votes on SB 448 and SB 1058 before adjournment.
AL
Alabama 2025 Regular Session
Alabama Joint Contract Review Legislative Oversight Committee Mar 6th, 2025
AL
Alabama 2025 Regular Session
Alabama House Ways and Means Education Committee Feb 26th, 2025
Ways and Means Education
Transcript Highlights:
- Um, especially this one has to be teachers in the classroom at least three-fourths of the day to a full
Keywords:
HB226, homestead exemption, ad valorem tax, property tax, property tax relief, widow, widower, unremarried spouse, surviving spouse, senior exemption, elderly, disabled, permanently and totally disabled, blind taxpayer, deed ownership, principal residence, school tax, county tax, municipal tax, Alabama Department of Revenue
US
US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session
US House Floor Proceedings (Tuesday, February 3, 2026)
US Federal House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- where they matter most, into life-saving biomedical research and resilient medical supply chains, classrooms
- where they matter most, into life-saving biomedical research and resilient medical supply chains, classrooms
- where they matter most, into life-saving biomedical research and resilient medical supply chains, classrooms
- where they matter most, into life-saving biomedical research and resilient medical supply chains, classrooms
- Into life-saving biomedical research and resilient medical supply chains, classrooms, and training that
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Higher Education Finance and Policy Committee 4/14/26
Higher Education Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- back to a lot of the issues that have been pointed in terms of security, cleanup, uh, and limited classroom
- back to a lot of the issues that have been pointed in terms of security, cleanup, uh, and limited classroom
- back to a lot of the issues that have been pointed in terms of security, cleanup, uh, and limited classroom
- back to a lot of the issues that have been pointed in terms of security, cleanup, uh, and limited classroom
- back to a lot of the issues that have been pointed in terms of security, cleanup, uh, and limited classroom
Keywords:
higher education, public university, college campus, postsecondary institution, Minnesota State Colleges and Universities, University of Minnesota, town hall, town hall meeting, elected official, legislator, public forum, constituent meeting, campus access, free meeting space, parking fees, civic engagement, public outreach, chapter 135A, HF4368, Minnesota State
Summary:
The committee approved the April 9 minutes and then took up House File 4479, which would require public postsecondary institutions to make space available for town halls and similar official events by elected officials, with limits intended to keep the events on the official side and not campaign-related. Representative Frederick said the bill is meant to prevent universities from creating barriers such as fees or parking charges and to ensure a neutral, accessible venue for community conversations. The bill was laid over for possible later action.
The committee heard supportive testimony from Jim Dimmick of Minnesota State University, Mankato, who argued that town halls should be public, open, moderated, and dialogic rather than speeches, and said universities should be centers for public discourse. He also said charging fees can undermine neutrality and that using partisan student groups to sponsor events can create the appearance of bias. Minnesota State official Mr. Omen said campuses often host these events, fees are set locally to cover costs, and student government sponsorship can sometimes avoid charges; he also noted the fee at Mankato is discounted and depends on room size.
Several members raised concerns about the bill. Representative Scott, Chair Robbins, Representative Schwarz, Representative Allen, and others argued that campuses should not be required by statute to give legislators special treatment, that fees and parking costs cover real expenses, and that universities should remain focused on education rather than political events. Questions also focused on who would decide what room size is reasonable, how disputes would be handled, and who would pay for security if protests or safety issues arose. Representative Frederick responded that room selection would be a good-faith partnership with the university, that the bill does not require a town hall or guarantee a specific room, and that security funding is not spelled out in the bill.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Committee on Jobs and Economic Development - 03/02/26
Jobs and Economic Development
Transcript Highlights:
- And we really do just become like supervisors of a classroom instead of teaching.
- do just become like supervisors<00:31:27.120>
of <00:31:27.279>a <00:31:27.520>classroom - of a classroom instead of teaching.<00:31:29.279>
Um, <00:31:29.760>lawyers <00:31:30.240 - We need teachers to be trained to not just be classroom managers.
- We need teachers to be trained to not just be classroom managers.
NH
New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session
Commission to Study Costs of Special Education (12/19/2025)
Transcript Highlights:
- c> to<01:24:35.360>
the when a person came back to the when a person came back to the classroom - , classroom, classroom, >> you<01:24:36.880>
had <01:24:37.040>teachers <01:24:37.520 - I haven't been doing right now because I haven't been in<01:25:01.280>
a <01:25:01.440>classroom - 02.239>
in <01:25:02.639>since <01:25:02.880>I've <01:25:03.120>been in a classroom - now in since I've been in a classroom now in since I've been down<01:25:03.520>
here <01:25:03.920
Summary:
The commission met to review and amend the minutes from its previous meeting, correcting the date, several spelling and wording errors, and clarifying references to a scholarship fund and a member’s title. The minutes were then approved as amended, with some members abstaining because they were not present at the prior meeting. The chair then turned to the commission’s work plan under SB 57, emphasizing the need to prioritize the statutory topics and identify which issues require additional research, documentation, and possible spreadsheets.
Members discussed a broad range of special education cost drivers and policy questions, including student referral rates, why students are classified as other health impaired, whether referrals increased after COVID school closures, intervention processes before referral, the cost of services required under IEPs and 504 plans, differences between federal law, state law, and DOE rules, reporting of special education costs, out-of-district and residential placements, district sharing of resources, dispute resolution, graduation rates, and adult learning outcomes. Several members raised concerns that school environments, mental health, bullying, and possible overidentification may be contributing to rising special education numbers and costs, while others cautioned that some reported district percentages may be inflated or unclear because of how the data are counted.
A major portion of the meeting focused on HB 742, which would eliminate prorated special education aid when state appropriations are insufficient and require the governor to draw a warrant to cover shortfalls. Representative Ames explained that the bill had been recommended for interim study because the commission is already examining special education costing, and he highlighted the gap between FY24 special education costs of about $977.1 million and state aid of $33.9 million for catastrophic aid, $67.4 million for differentiated aid, and $50.8 million in federal IDEA funds, leaving local districts to cover about $825.1 million. He argued the commission should ultimately make clear that both the federal government and the state should contribute more.
The Department of Education, through Melissa White, answered questions about data and oversight. She said special education counts come from IEPs entered into the state system using SASIDs, that DOE monitors districts through both desk audits and on-site visits, and that billing is checked against the services listed in each student’s IEP. She also said DOE’s special education work is largely federally funded, with roughly $56.7 million received through IDEA this year and about $49.1 million flowing through to LEAs, while the department retains a small amount for administration and statewide support activities. Members also discussed how adequacy calculations use special education counts from the state system and how those figures are reported.
NH
New Hampshire 2026 Regular Session
House Environment and Agriculture (02/03/2026)
Environment and Agriculture
Transcript Highlights:
- Moving along to HP 1511 relative to the membership of the agriculture in the classroom committee, and
- Moving along to HP 1511 relative to the membership of the agriculture in the classroom committee, and
- Moving along to HP 1511 relative to the membership of the agriculture in the classroom committee, and
- <02:20:51.600>
Um agriculture in the classroom program. - Um agriculture in the classroom program.
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- Stability in this funding is required to keep these resources in our classrooms. qualify under direct
- 01:12:18.120>
resources <01:12:18.920>in <01:12:19.080>our <01:12:19.200>classrooms - keep these resources in our classrooms. keep these resources in our classrooms.
- Classroom sizes or student counselor ratios go up, out-of-school time activities and academic supports
KY
Kentucky 2025 Regular Session
Make America Healthy Again Kentucky Task Force (12-16-25)
Transcript Highlights:
- Um, we adopted a thing called classroom-based physical activity and ... childhood obesity task force
- Um we um um adopted a a thing<00:05:29.840>
called <00:05:30.160>classroom <00:05:31.199 - >
class thing called classroom class thing called classroom class classroombased<00:05:32.720> physical <00:05:33.199>activity <00:05:33.680>and Classroom-based physical activity
Summary:
The committee approved the minutes unanimously and then heard extended testimony from Senator Jimmy Higdon, who reflected on Kentucky’s 2011 childhood obesity task force and said the state’s childhood obesity problem has worsened since then. He described prior recommendations from that task force, including more physical education, nutrition education, classroom-based physical activity, complete streets, bike lanes, sidewalks, and safe routes to school. Higdon also argued that government programs have contributed to obesity and drug abuse, focusing especially on SNAP and Medicaid, and said he has long advocated for a waiver to distribute SNAP benefits twice a month rather than once a month.
Higdon said SNAP fraud and abuse are significant, claiming some recipients sell benefits and some retailers bend the rules on eligible purchases. He also said spreading benefits through the month could help families keep fresh food in the home and stabilize grocery store business, especially in food deserts and rural areas. In response to questions, he said he would not support allowing hot prepared foods under SNAP, though he said a grocery-store produce incentive similar to the farmers market match could be beneficial if structured separately. He also said the WIC program is a model for how SNAP could be better administered.
Members thanked Higdon for his service and discussed whether the issue is food insecurity or poor nutrition. Senator Douglas emphasized adding stronger guardrails to nutrition-related programs, and Representative Proctor asked about the challenges of operating grocery stores in rural areas and food deserts. Higdon said independent grocers face thin margins, competition, and cyclical market pressures, and that SNAP distribution patterns can worsen those challenges. After Higdon’s testimony, the committee heard from Ann Cressilious, a registered dietitian with the Kentucky Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, who began a presentation on the profession and on efforts to improve nutrition and access to nutrition information in Kentucky.
KY
Kentucky 2025 Regular Session
Interim Joint Committee on State Government (11-13-25) - Reupload
Transcript Highlights:
- While the intent is primarily to ensure that the taxpayer dollars go to classrooms and toward student
- go<00:09:34.800>
to that the taxpayer dollars go to that the taxpayer dollars go to classrooms - and<00:09:36.080>
toward <00:09:36.880>student <00:09:37.279>learning, classrooms - and toward student learning, classrooms and toward student learning, I<00:09:38.480>
must <00: - we can save public tax dollars and make sure that they're going towards students, teachers, and classrooms
Keywords:
Discussion of BR 25 (2026 RS) 04:15
Presentation on voting systems by ES&S 48:14
Presentation on voting systems by Hart InterCivic and Harp Enterprises 01:13:07, 958, all
Summary:
The committee met to approve the October 21 minutes and then took up BR 25 for the 2026 regular session, a proposal relating to prohibited uses of tax dollars and public resources. The sponsors said the bill is intended to strengthen existing law by adding civil and criminal penalties for taxpayer-funded advocacy on ballot questions, especially in light of controversies during the 2024 election over school officials and districts using public resources to oppose a constitutional amendment. They also described related concerns about school districts hiring third-party lobbyists and public relations firms, particularly in Fayette County, and said the proposal was meant to keep tax dollars focused on public services rather than political persuasion.
Committee members raised several concerns about scope and drafting. Some asked whether the bill should specifically mention schools, school boards, and school employees, and the sponsors said they would add that language. Others questioned whether the measure would also affect local government lobbying through groups like KLC and KCO, and the sponsors said they intended to focus narrowly on schools while exempting certain advocacy organizations and internal government lobbyists. Members also asked whether public employees could still speak as private individuals, and the sponsors said yes. Several members suggested splitting the lobbying and ballot-advocacy issues into separate bills, and the sponsors said they would consider that.
Members also pressed for clarification on how the bill would apply in practice, including whether it would cover legal challenges to petition drives or only advocacy after a question is on the ballot. Counsel for the sponsors said the bill would not cover some petition-related litigation as drafted, though they believed it should. The sponsors and supporters argued the proposal was needed to give the existing prohibition real enforcement, while some members warned that the language could unintentionally limit legitimate public representation or be too broad if not carefully drafted. No final vote was taken during the discussion.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- already under attack for being who they are, for students facing harassment in hallways, bullying in classrooms
- Outside of classroom instruction, teachers Outside of classroom instruction, teachers also have responsibilities
- Republican Party priority because we have seen how radical gender ideology is creeping into our classrooms
- You belong here in our workplaces, in our classrooms, and our communities.
Keywords:
gender designation, civil penalties, private civil rights, multiple-occupancy spaces, Texas Women's Privacy Act, law enforcement, confidentiality, personnel files, employee records, misconduct
Summary:
The Committee on State Affairs heard testimony on Senate Bill 7, the Texas Women’s Privacy Act, with the author and committee substitute explaining that the bill would require public facilities to designate multi-use private spaces by biological sex, restrict access to women’s restrooms, locker rooms, showers, sleeping quarters, shelters, and correctional facilities, and create civil penalties and enforcement mechanisms. Members asked about how the bill would apply to family violence shelters, children in mixed-family settings, venue layout, and venue for lawsuits; the author said the bill was similar to prior legislation but with stronger penalties and the 15th Court of Appeals as the exclusive intermediate appellate court for challenges, while clarifying that trial venue should generally be local except for state agencies. The committee also heard that the bill would be amended to better address local venue concerns and shelter-related issues.
Invited testimony was largely in support of the bill from witnesses who described personal experiences in women’s sports, prisons, shelters, and public facilities, arguing that single-sex spaces are necessary for privacy and safety. Supporters included parents, former incarcerated women, a Republican county chair, a legal advocate, and a prison educator, who cited incidents involving transgender-identifying individuals in locker rooms, shelters, prisons, and restrooms, and said the bill would restore sex-based boundaries and protect vulnerable women and girls. One witness from Texas Values said the bill was needed despite the recently enacted Women’s Bill of Rights, and another ADF witness said the measure would protect privacy in schools and shelters.
Opponents testified that the bill would harm transgender and intersex Texans, create harassment and “gender policing,” and expose cisgender women and children to invasive enforcement. Several witnesses argued there is no evidence that transgender women pose a restroom safety threat, while others said the bill would worsen mental health, employment, and school conditions for trans people and could conflict with prison standards and federal law. Family violence advocates urged changes to protect shelter operations and clarify that children can stay with parents, while other witnesses said the bill would create barriers for victims seeking help. The hearing featured extensive public testimony on both sides, but no final vote or committee action was taken in the portion provided.
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- doesn't come back that following year, it really can be difficult for that child, difficult for the classroom
- It can be difficult for that child, difficult for the classroom teacher because now they're dealing with
- 00:59:08.799>
difficult <00:59:09.200>for <00:59:09.440>the <00:59:09.599>classroom - child, difficult for the classroom child, difficult for the classroom teacher<00:59:10.640>
because
HI
Hawaii 2025 Regular Session
HSH Public Hearing - Tue Mar 11, 2025 @ 10:00 AM HST
Human Services & Homelessness
Transcript Highlights:
- We had the pilot program having one full classroom at a licensed infant and toddler child care center
- language from the House bill that the pilot program may provide contracts for at least one full classroom
- at<01:47:05.040>
least <01:47:05.360>one <01:47:05.600>full <01:47:05.920>classroom - <01:47:06.719>
at <01:47:06.960>one at least one full classroom at one at least one - full classroom at one licensed<01:47:07.760>
in <01:47:08.159>infant <01:47:08.560>
Summary:
The committee heard testimony on SB 281 SD1, which would define and prohibit torture as a Class A felony. The Honolulu Prosecutor’s Office, HPD investigators, and other supporters said the bill is needed because existing laws do not adequately capture torture, especially cases involving children and vulnerable persons. Several testifiers emphasized that starvation is a common method of torture that often leaves little visible evidence, and they urged the committee to restore the original starvation language removed from the measure. The Office of the Public Defender said it did not oppose the bill’s purpose but raised concerns that the language was too broad and could create trial issues, particularly around minors and vulnerable people, and suggested narrowing amendments. The chair indicated the testimony had made a strong impression and said the committee would try to move the bill forward.
The committee then heard SB 292 SD1, relating to sexual exploitation and safe harbor protections for survivors seeking medical or law enforcement help. The Honolulu Prosecutor’s Office supported the measure, noting that a prior version raised equal protection concerns that were no longer present, and said survivors should be able to seek help without fear of prosecution. Written support was also noted from several advocacy and state groups. Testimony in support focused on retaliation fears, trafficking, and the need for manpower and resources to address exploitation and related crimes.
Finally, the committee took up SB 295 SD1, which would increase penalties for violating temporary restraining orders and orders for protection and treat a violation of one as a second offense for the other. The Public Defender’s Office objected to the mandatory jail component, arguing judges should retain discretion and that there was no clear evidence mandatory jail deters violations. The transcript cuts off before any final committee action or vote on SB 295 was recorded.
MN
Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session
Committee on Housing and Homelessness Prevention - 03/11/25
Housing and Homelessness Prevention
Transcript Highlights:
- on any given day there are more than 9,000 empty seats in Richardson Independent School District classrooms
- on any given day there are more than 9,000 empty seats in Richardson Independent School District classrooms
- Independent empty seats in Richardson Independent School<01:01:59.839>
District <01:02:00.160>classrooms - <01:02:00.799>
according <01:02:01.119>to School District classrooms according to School - District classrooms according to figures<01:02:01.760>
released <01:02:02.000>by <01:02