Transcript Highlights:

• <00:02:12.319> So that can supply the grid energy. So that can supply the grid energy.
• are flexible in when they use energy. are flexible in when they use energy.
• The value of energy spot prices.
• And I I to XL energy territory.
• <00:20:28.720> director energy as the renewable energy director energy as the renewable energy

Keywords: 919, house, all

Summary: Representative Craft presented House File 2986, as amended with the DE6, and asked that it be laid over for possible inclusion. He described the bill as an affordability measure centered on virtual power plants, explaining that aggregating distributed energy resources such as solar panels, batteries, EVs, smart thermostats, heat pumps, and water heaters can help utilities reduce peak demand and avoid costly generation and distribution investments. He said the bill would require utilities to reduce system peak through a virtual power plant program by 5% by the end of 2028 and 10% by the end of 2032, using an independent third-party RFP process, with plans incorporated into integrated resource planning and a savings clause if requirements prove infeasible. Testimony in support came from the Department of Commerce, Vote Solar, Solar United Neighbors, Kite Rocket, and Mincia. Supporters said virtual power plants can function like grid-scale resources, lower spot-market and peak costs, improve reliability and resilience, and make better use of existing distribution infrastructure. Commerce said the approach fits an all-of-the-above strategy and noted consumer protections in the bill, including standards for contracts, disclosures, dispatch frequency, notice, opt-out, and compensation. Several supporters cited estimates of significant savings, including a national DOE estimate of 10% to 20% of peak load by 2030 and a Minnesota-specific estimate from Solar United Neighbors of about $63.5 million in savings if 10% of peak demand were met with VPPs in 2030. Committee members raised questions about how much cheaper VPPs are than peaker plants and whether utilities, especially Xcel Energy, are already implementing similar programs. Representative Baker expressed concern that the bill could move faster than the technology or market would naturally develop and asked about the risk of forcing utilities into a mandate before the economics are fully proven. In response, a Solar United Neighbors witness pointed to a fact sheet and Brattle Group-based analysis comparing VPP costs and benefits in Xcel territory, while an Xcel representative said the company has been discussing the bill with Representative Craft for months. The bill was laid over for possible inclusion, and no final vote on the bill itself was taken in the transcript.

Transcript Highlights:

• energy industry. energy industry.
• energy?
• energy?
• energy?
• energy?

Keywords: 1191, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• potential, and even nuclear energy.
• Energy demands play a role as well. How much energy are they using?
• Department of Energy, a sibling organization to what is now the Department of Energy's National Energy
• That's our energy portfolio.
• and learn about how energy works.

Keywords: 908, all

Transcript Highlights:

• storage or distributed energy.
• storage, distributed energy, and backup assets.
• I'm a deputy director at California Energy.
• No funds have been received by the Energy Commission.
• Thank you, Luam Tesfai, Deputy Executive Director for Energy. I'm the head of our energy division.

Keywords: 988, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• of fusion energy.
• Fusion energy is made by mimicking the power of the sun, combining atoms to produce clean energy, and
• energy security.
• We think the Energy Commission is...
• Reduce, it creates a more reliable energy grid and reduces the cost of energy, which every family in

Keywords: 987, senate, all

Summary: The committee heard several bills related to energy, environmental regulation, recycling, and border pollution. SB 925 would direct the California Energy Commission to develop a statewide roadmap for fusion energy; the author and co-sponsor said it would help California retain fusion investment and jobs, while supporters emphasized the state’s leadership in fusion and the need for a future regulatory and permitting strategy. SB 1350 would allow renewable portfolio standard credit for power plants using green hydrogen, and testimony split between supporters who said it would support reliability, emissions reductions, and jobs, and opponents who warned about greenwashing, resource shuffling, and NOx emissions from combustion. SB 1145 would streamline CEQA and federal base-closure review for qualifying projects in the Concord Reuse Project Area; the author said it would advance a long-planned housing and mixed-use redevelopment with substantial prior environmental review, and the committee chair noted amendments limiting streamlining to projects consistent with existing plans. SB 1341 would let CalRecycle reduce processing fees for wine and spirits bag-in-a-box containers if collections exceed what is needed for recycling-center payments; supporters said the current fee increase was abrupt and excessive, while opponents argued the fee should remain tied to recycling costs and warned against giving CalRecycle too much discretion. SJR 13 urged the federal government to seek enforceable commitments to eliminate transboundary sewage pollution at the upcoming USMCA review, with strong support from border and farmworker advocates and no opposition heard. SB 1033 would require protein product manufacturers to test for and disclose heavy metals; supporters cited Consumer Reports findings of lead, cadmium, and arsenic in protein powders and shakes, while opponents sought narrower scope, QR-code labeling, and thresholds tied to health standards. SB 1010 would create a manufacturer-funded system for refrigerant recovery from discarded appliances; supporters said it would reduce greenhouse gases and shift costs away from local governments, while opponents argued existing federal and state rules already address the issue and that the bill could raise appliance costs and disrupt recycling markets. The committee took up votes after a quorum was established. SB 1010 was voted out 3-1 and kept on call, with the chair and several members supporting it and one member voting no. The consent calendar, including SB 899, SB 1313, SB 1253, and SB 1300, was approved and kept on call. SJR 13, SB 981, SB 1033, SB 925, SB 1350, SB 1145, and SB 1341 were each moved out on committee votes and kept on call. The chair repeatedly noted that several bills would be voted formally once the committee had a quorum, and the author of SB 1183 was heard after the voting sequence. SB 1183 would require the Governor’s Office of Land Use and Climate Innovation to study the environmental, land-use, and economic impacts of industrial solar in the Central Valley and make recommendations to ensure local communities benefit. The author and supporters, including the California Farm Bureau and American Farmland Trust, said the bill is meant to assess how large-scale solar development affects agricultural land, farmworker communities, and local economies. Opponents from the solar industry argued the bill duplicates existing work, understates the benefits of utility-scale solar, and should instead build on prior state studies; the author responded that the Valley is already seeing major solar siting pressure and that the study is needed to understand impacts as groundwater constraints and land-use changes accelerate.

Transcript Highlights:

• storage or distributed energy backup assets.
• They're all clean energy projects.
• No funds have been received by the Energy Commission.
• That energy wallet expands what we typically look at.
• I'm the head of our Energy Division. The Energy Division has about 270 staff.

Summary: The hearing was an informational budget session on energy agency proposals, with no votes taken. Early discussion focused on Proposition 4 climate bond implementation, including funding for demand-side grid support, offshore wind development, and transmission financing. The Department of Finance said the budget includes allocations for demand-side grid support and offshore wind, but not yet for the $325 million transmission financing piece pending a required study. The Legislative Analyst’s Office urged the Legislature to consider whether to wait on offshore wind funding, whether to keep shifting funds into demand-side grid support, and how to direct future transmission financing. Members also raised concerns about local technical assistance for offshore wind, Salton Sea priorities, and the need for more information before final decisions. The California Energy Commission and CPUC then reviewed the broader energy package. The CEC highlighted the demand-side grid support program’s growth, distributed energy backup assets, long-duration storage, hydrogen grants, and the SIRP clean energy reliability program. CPUC testimony emphasized affordability, wildfire mitigation costs, rooftop solar cost shifts, and efforts to reduce rates while maintaining reliability and clean energy goals. Members questioned CPUC staffing, delays in proceedings, coordination with the CEC and CAISO, and the impact of rate increases on customers. The agencies also discussed the AB 3264 transmission financing study, with CPUC saying work on the study had already begun and was on track for the July 1 deadline. Several trailer bill and implementation items were also discussed. The committee reviewed a proposal to extend the Deaf and Disabled Telecommunications Program surcharge, with members split over whether it should be handled in budget trailer bill language or policy legislation; the administration said the surcharge supports a critical program serving about three-quarters of a million Californians. The committee also heard a CPUC data-sharing proposal to allow nondisclosure agreements for transmission and reliability data, which members generally supported as a technical fix. DWR explained a proposal to clarify language for the Electricity Supply Strategic Reliability Reserve so it can potentially sell three gas-fired units it owns, and the CEC presented a federal transmission grant proposal tied to grid-enhancing technologies and ratepayer cost recovery. Finally, the committee discussed California Lifeline and possible broadband pilot reforms in light of uncertainty around federal Universal Service Fund support, with CPUC saying it is exploring a statewide standalone broadband option for eligible customers.

Transcript Highlights:

• Chris Wright to be Secretary of Energy.
• However, I was concerned to hear his belief that wind and solar energy represent unreliable energy sources
• Wright for Secretary of Energy.
• I am enthusiastic about what we heard about his vision on energy and viewing energy as an asset versus
• positive wind energy projects.

Transcript Highlights:

• And we've worked very closely with the Energy Commission in the last six code cycles with their energy
• The national energy code, which is far less stringent than California's own energy codes, shows that
• The California Energy Commission oversees all aspects of energy supply and demand, but really in this
• the energy code.
• also the energy code.

Summary: The Assembly Select Committee on Regulatory Authority held its first hearing to examine how California’s regulatory framework affects housing production, affordability, and timelines. Chair Pacheco and Assemblymember Haney framed the discussion around the state’s housing shortage and the need to reduce costs while maintaining environmental, safety, and community protections. The first panel featured housing experts and industry representatives who argued that state regulations, code complexity, utility constraints, and agency review processes add substantial cost and delay to development. Bill Fulton described overlapping state and local land-use authorities and the tension among housing, coastal protection, climate, and wildfire goals. CBIA’s Chris Ochoa and California Apartment Association representative Bob Raymer said building codes, energy mandates, and agency processes have materially increased per-home costs, and they urged more centralized affordability analysis and greater scrutiny of regulatory impacts. The Bay Area Council’s Louis Marante called for a statewide cost target for housing and stronger timelines and accountability for state agency reviews. The second panel brought in state agencies to explain their roles. HCD said its housing element enforcement, streamlining laws, and technical assistance have helped increase production, shorten entitlement timelines, and improve compliance by local governments. CARB said SB 375 is a planning law that does not directly regulate land use, and argued that regional housing assumptions in sustainable communities strategies are not being fully implemented on the ground. The Coastal Commission said it works with local governments to balance coastal protection, sea-level-rise risk, and housing, and noted recent guidance and pilot efforts to streamline housing approvals in the coastal zone. The Energy Commission said its building energy standards are designed to be cost-effective and save consumers money over time, though they can add some design and documentation complexity. Fish and Wildlife and DTSC both emphasized early engagement and collaboration to reduce delays while protecting natural resources and public health; DTSC said it is refining vapor intrusion guidance and using brownfield grants to support redevelopment. The State Water Resources Control Board said it uses general orders and basin planning to provide predictable permitting while balancing water quality, water rights, and housing needs, and noted billions in grants and loans for water infrastructure and site remediation that can support housing affordability. In response to questions from Assemblymember Haney, several agencies described ongoing coordination across departments, including regular meetings among HCD, CARB, the Coastal Commission, and transportation agencies, as well as broader interagency efforts to reduce redundancies and identify pinch points in project delivery. No formal votes or legislative actions were taken during the hearing; the main outcome was informational testimony and discussion of possible future reforms to improve coordination, predictability, and affordability in state regulatory processes.

Transcript Highlights:

• I'll prioritize state energy goals on the path to 100% clean energy in 2045.
• about what we're doing with energy. about what we're doing with energy.
• And why not energy?
• And why not energy? That's a goal. And why not energy?
• power and energy. power and energy.

Keywords: 912, senate, all

Summary: The Senate Commerce and Consumer Protection Committee heard and considered a long list of Governor’s messages for appointments to state boards and commissions, including the Board of Dentistry, Barbering and Cosmetology, Speech Pathology and Audiology, Motor Vehicle Industry Licensing Board, Elevator Mechanics Licensing Board, Real Estate Commission, Board of Naturopathic Medicine, State Boxing Commission, Board of Professional Engineers, Architects, Surveyors and Landscape Architects, Hawaii Medical Board, Board of Physical Therapy, Board of Pharmacy, and the Public Utilities Commission. Most nominees and supporting agencies testified in support, and many nominees simply stood on their written testimony. Several nominees also answered questions about their experience and the issues facing their boards, including dental insurance and Medicaid concerns, condo and real estate disputes, pharmacy regulation and telepharmacy, boxing and MMA rule updates, and medical board service in rural areas. The committee discussed some contested or notable nominations in more detail. Richard Emery’s nomination to the Real Estate Commission drew opposition testimony tied to a condo management dispute, and he responded by emphasizing the need for factual evidence, mediation and complaint data, and better consumer education. Trinette Kahui and Andrea Ushijima were also nominated to the Real Estate Commission, with broad support. For the Boxing Commission, Robin Jumawan described ongoing statutory updates, MMA-related work, and delegation of amateur boxing rules. For the Hawaii Medical Board, Elizabeth Ignacio was strongly endorsed by state and industry witnesses as highly qualified and familiar with rural health issues, while Rebecca Sawai also received support from the board and Kaiser Permanente. In the decision-making portion, the committee moved to advise and consent to nearly all nominees on the agenda. Senator McKelvey stated reservations about Richard Emery due to opposition and possible conflicts, and also about nominees who were not present at the hearing, specifically Corrine Muldrow Soto and Stacie Kealoha Inouye; Senator Lamasao also noted reservations on those absent nominees. The chair disclosed personal acquaintance with Dr. Sawai and Andrea Ushijima. The committee then voted to adopt the recommendations, with the noted reservations and one no vote on GM 697 reflected in the record, and later reconvened to take up Governor’s Message 514/515 for John Etemura as chairperson of the Public Utilities Commission, where additional support testimony was heard from the Governor’s office, DCCA, and former consumer advocacy staff.

Transcript Highlights:

• potential, and even nuclear energy.
• Energy demands play a role as well. How much energy are they using?
• Department of Energy, a sibling organization to what is now the Department of Energy's National Energy
• That's our energy portfolio.
• and learn about how energy works.

Summary: The committee met in Grand Forks, approved the February 26 minutes by voice vote, and recessed for a tour of Minnkota Power Cooperative before hearing presentations on large energy consumers and related infrastructure issues. The first presentation, from the North Dakota Transmission Authority, focused on the need for better local decision-making tools for counties, townships, and planning and zoning boards facing major projects such as transmission lines, pipelines, data centers, wind, solar, and large-scale agriculture. The speaker urged more objective, data-driven analysis, noted that local officials often have limited time and resources, and said the state should support training and tools through groups like the League of Cities and the Association of Counties. Members asked about proactive outreach, data center ordinances, and how to avoid subsidizing large loads or causing reliability problems. The Division of Air Quality then discussed environmental oversight of data centers, emphasizing that North Dakota’s air remains among the cleanest in the country and that the agency’s role is limited to air, water discharge, stormwater, and waste—not zoning or water use. The presentation explained that data centers generally have low direct emissions but may rely on diesel backup generators when the grid is unavailable, which creates air-quality concerns; the department said it is requiring air monitors at some projects to collect real-world data and guide future decisions. Members asked about generator emissions, misinformation, monitoring costs, and staffing succession, and the agency said permit applicants pay for the monitors while the state handles some QA work. The Department of Water Resources followed with an overview of North Dakota water law and data center water use. The director explained the state’s prior-appropriation system, the public-interest review for permits, and the large overall water supply available from groundwater and the Missouri River. He said most proposed data centers use closed-loop cooling systems and generally request relatively small amounts of water compared with other uses such as power plants, irrigation, and oilfield operations, and that even a worst-case data center scenario would use only a tiny fraction of Missouri River flow. Questions focused on downstream impacts and comparisons to fracking water use, and the director said the state’s use is too small to materially affect downstream users. Later, McLean County State’s Attorney Ladd-Erickson testified online about data center zoning and permitting. He asked the committee to have Legislative Council gather information on how other states handle data center permitting and to keep the topic on the interim agenda. He argued that local zoning should remain local, but said counties lack the technical and legal resources to manage complex reclamation or bonding requirements and that state-level enabling legislation may be more appropriate. He also recommended eliminating tax incentives for data centers. The committee chair said staff would prepare a document on other states’ zoning and permitting approaches. After a lunch recess, the committee reconvened at the EERC, where CEO Charles Gorecki gave an overview of the center’s 75 years of work and its role in oil and gas, carbon management, and other energy technologies, highlighting enhanced oil recovery and carbon dioxide utilization as major opportunities for future production and tax revenue.

Transcript Highlights:

• through investments in renewable energy. through investments in renewable energy.
• The initial establishment of energy efficiency regulations was a matter of energy security.
• The Energy Policy and choice.
• energy efficient. energy efficient.
• $500 in energy bills per year.

Keywords: U.S. House of Representatives Floor Proceedings on Tuesday, February 24, 2026, 1012, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• independent, honest voice on energy. independent, honest voice on energy.
• Kentucky's energy future. Kentucky's energy future.
• The energy stack works where the lowest cost energy comes first, and then most expensive energy comes
• reliable form of generating energy? reliable form of generating energy?
• that energy stack works?

Keywords: Meeting Start 00:00 Attendance Roll Call 02:25 SB 100 Discussion 02:59 SB 100 Roll Call Vote 31:10 SJR 134 Discussion 32:41 SJR 134 Roll Call Vote 33:43 SB 222 Discussion 34:43 SB 222 Roll Call Vote 39:55, 958, all

Transcript Highlights:

• thermal energy and not allowing electric energy.
• :05:20.960> energy.
• within the Department of Energy? within the Department of Energy?
• of energy.
• statute, energy policy, what we would prefer to see our energy happen.

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• that Fresh Energy.
• ENERGY.
• My name is George Came to Go to Fares for Clean Energy, to also scene.
• ENERGY FUTURES 1500 MEMBER Member on cooperative.
• Ronald, no call are energy. Since bought Louis... Apartment.

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• The cost has not been associated with the production of energy. It's been everything else. Energy.
• > has<00:47:19.520> stated nuclear energy institute has stated nuclear energy institute
• the Retail Energy Supply Association. the Retail Energy Supply Association.
• lot of like you say computation, energy. lot of like you say computation, energy.
• energy markets that the wholesale energy energy markets that the wholesale energy market<02:40:57.680

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• the Macalester College geothermal energy the Macalester College geothermal energy system.
• Welcome to the Energy Committee. Welcome to the Energy Committee.
• into the Senate Energy Omnibus Bill. into the Senate Energy Omnibus Bill.
• with their home energy costs. with their home energy costs.
• Welcome to the Energy Committee. Welcome to the Energy Committee.

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• On our thermal energy in Hawaii.
• our energy needs energy storage can meet our energy needs much<00:36:45.520> more<00:36:45.760
• Energy Information Administration. Energy Information Administration.
• Way better than waste your energy.
• energy. Thank you. Thank you, chair. energy. Thank you. Thank you, chair.

Keywords: 912, senate, all

Summary: The joint Committee on Energy and Intergovernmental Affairs and Committee on Transportation, Culture, and the Arts heard several resolutions, with most public testimony focused on Senate Concurrent Resolution 159 and Senate Resolution 129, which urge continued U.S. support for the Ukrainian military. Testimony on those measures was largely opposed, with witnesses arguing Hawaii should prioritize local needs such as homelessness, infrastructure, and cost of living over additional aid to Ukraine; one support testimony was noted from the Democratic Party of Hawaii. Despite the opposition, both committees recommended passage with technical, nonsubstantive amendments, and the recommendations were adopted. The committees also considered transportation-related resolutions. Senate Concurrent Resolution 182 and Senate Resolution 152 would initiate a summer streets pilot program, and Senate Concurrent Resolution 200 and Senate Resolution 180 would ask AMPO to coordinate a transportation management training program. Testimony on the summer streets proposal included support and opposition, with one witness saying community input should be gathered through existing district and community meetings rather than creating a pilot. The training-program measure drew opposition from a witness who argued it would add unnecessary bureaucracy. Both pairs were recommended for passage, with the summer streets resolutions passed unamended and the training-program resolutions passed with technical amendments. In the Energy and Intergovernmental Affairs committee, Senate Concurrent Resolution 18 and Senate Resolution 14, concerning relocation of the Pearl City post office to Navy property, were recommended for passage with technical amendments. The committee also heard extensive testimony on Senate Concurrent Resolution 136 and Senate Resolution 150, which call for a geothermal energy working group. Supporters included the State Energy Office, PUC, consumer advocate, and others, though the energy office asked to move the report deadline to 2027. Opponents raised concerns about cost, health impacts, environmental risks, and Native Hawaiian representation. The chair proposed amendments to add a Native Hawaiian member, the consumer advocate, and the House and Senate energy committee chairs, clarify participation by utility, geothermal, and nonprofit representatives, and extend the report deadline to 2027. The resolutions were then recommended for passage with amendments, and all recommendations were adopted before adjournment.

Transcript Highlights:

• Arianna Montes, on behalf of the Affordable Energy Campaign, representing over two dozen energy advocacy
• Alfredo Arredondo on behalf of GeoKil, Yosemite Clean Energy, GeoAmmonia Energy, GeoAmmonia Energy Volt
• Thank you. ...on behalf of GeoKil, Yosemite Clean Energy, GeoAmmonia Energy, Energy Volt, and Hanwha
• sources. ...produced with RPS-eligible energy sources.
• costs and to expand solar energy.

Keywords: 988, house, all

Summary: The Assembly Committee on Utilities and Energy heard several bills focused on utility affordability, transparency, and clean energy. SB 327 would bar investor-owned utilities from using ratepayer funds to oppose municipal utility formation and would clarify the Public Advocates Office’s authority to inspect utility books; supporters framed it as a ratepayer protection measure, while utilities and telecom/broadband interests opposed it unless amended, citing concerns about scope and participation in regulatory proceedings. After questions about how it differed from AB 1167 and how PAO discovery disputes are handled, the committee passed SB 327 as amended to Appropriations on an 11-2 vote, later reopening the roll to 12-2. SB 1350 would allow renewable portfolio standard credit for power plants using green hydrogen, with the author and supporters emphasizing hydrogen’s role in decarbonization, grid reliability, jobs, and the Lancaster/ARCHES project. Environmental groups opposed the bill unless amended, warning about NOx emissions, paper transactions, and the need for stronger safeguards on hydrogen sourcing and delivery. The committee discussed amendments, including a minimum 20% hydrogen blend and emissions-related guardrails, and passed the bill to Natural Resources on a 14-0 vote, later reopening the roll to 18-0. SB 868, the Plug and Play Solar Act, would create a framework for small plug-in balcony solar devices for renters and others without rooftop solar access, while setting safety standards and limiting system size. Supporters said it would lower bills and expand access to solar; utilities and some public power entities raised safety and backfeed concerns, arguing interconnection review under Rule 21 remains necessary. After extensive discussion of safety, certification, and export limits, the committee passed SB 868 as amended to Appropriations on a 17-0 vote, later reopening the roll to 18-0. SB 1233, a transparency bill requiring additional disclosure about utility cash on hand, capital structure, and related reporting, drew utility opposition over duplicative processes and possible delays, but was passed as amended to Appropriations on a 10-3 vote, later reopened to 11-3. The committee also approved the consent calendar unanimously and adjourned after reopening the rolls for absent members to add on.

Transcript Highlights:

• :05.680> energy, electric generation equipment, energy, electric generation equipment, energy,
• small energy Energy, deer are typically small energy generation<00:51:15.680> and<00:51:16.000
• energy for a period of time, and redelivering energy.
• energy and then discharge that energy energy and then discharge that energy for<04:23:31.760>
• We have our energy energy faster.

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• and the cost of energy on each household in New York State.
• and the cost of energy on each household in New York State.
• and the cost of energy on each household in New York State.
• and the cost of energy on each household in New York State.
• One theme we hear across New York State is the impact of energy and the cost of energy on each household

Keywords: 993, senate, all

Summary: The Joint Conference Committee on Environment, Agriculture and Housing opened budget negotiations for the 2026-2027 enacted budget, with Senate and Assembly leaders outlining their one-house proposals and committee members giving brief remarks. The discussion covered environment, agriculture, housing, parks, and energy, with repeated emphasis on affordability, climate resilience, and support for rural and urban communities. Senate and Assembly chairs described the process and noted the agencies present, while minority members criticized the overall size of the budgets and urged more attention to housing affordability, building stakeholders, and energy costs. On the environment and energy side, the Senate highlighted proposals for $138 million in additional clean water infrastructure funding, a $75 million increase to the Environmental Protection Fund, $95 million in restored parks capital, $200 million for the Energy Affordability Program, and $1 billion for Sustainable Futures 2.0, including a proposed revival of the NY STUN program. The Assembly said it increased the EPF to $500 million, raised clean water infrastructure funding to $800 million, and included targeted amounts for cities, rural housing-related water projects, Cornell Ag Tech, and the Center for Sustainable Materials Management. Democrats argued that high utility bills are driven by natural gas costs rather than clean energy, while Senate and Assembly Republicans said the CLCPA and other energy mandates are increasing costs and should be reconsidered. Agriculture remarks focused on research, farm support, and resilience. Senator Hinchey described funding for Cornell’s COWS program, Farm to School amendments, $7 million for farm worker housing, and a new $20 million Farm Weather Resiliency Grant Program. Chair Lupardo said the Assembly added $16 million over the Governor’s proposal for educational research and outreach, restored support for beginning and disadvantaged farmers, and backed dairy, livestock, hemp fiber, and natural fibers initiatives, while also accepting $30 million in farmer tariff relief if guidelines are set. Minority Assembly Member Tague supported dairy infrastructure funding but criticized the farm labor overtime phase-down and the CLCPA’s impacts on farms. Housing discussion centered on major capital and assistance programs. The Assembly proposed $200 million more for the Housing Access Voucher Program, $100 million for Mitchell-Lama and NYCHA, $50 million for down payment assistance, $4 million for fair housing testing, land banks, and $40 million for the Homeowner Protection Program. The Senate outlined similar priorities, including $500 million for NYCHA, $100 million for Mitchell-Lama preservation, $250 million total for HAVP, and additional funding for mixed-income rental development, vacant rentals, senior housing, and block-by-block infill. Chair Rosenthal said rent stabilization was not being changed in the budget, while Republican members argued that affordability requires lower taxes, lower utility costs, and fewer regulatory burdens. No votes were taken; the meeting was an opening round of budget negotiations and ended with closing remarks from both sides.