Video & Transcript Research : 'benchmark tests'

Page 102 of 419
WY

Wyoming 2026 Regular Session

House Floor Session-Day 18, March 3, 2026-PM

Wyoming House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • You know, we talked about how fourth graders test, eighth graders test, 11th graders test.
  • 15 states that test every kid. 15 states that test every kid.
  • This bill was<04:32:28.560> a<04:32:28.720> test, was a test, was a test, not<04:32:30.560
  • Remember last test. It's just a test.
  • That was a test. It was a two-year test. That was a test. It was a two-year test.
Keywords: 916, all
TX

Texas 89th Regular

Agriculture & Livestock Aug 19th, 2025

Agriculture & Livestock

Transcript Highlights:
  • We don't have any tests.
  • So we need the test kits, we need the bait, we need peace officers.
  • tubes, about half the size of a test tube.
  • I need to use that money for tests. There are no test kits out there.
  • They train for that, they test for that.
Keywords: 997, house, all
TX

Texas 89th Regular

Public Health Apr 7th, 2025 at 03:30 pm

Public Health

Transcript Highlights:
  • Testing protocols to include that? I'm asking. I don't know. That's a great question.
  • We basically put them to the test a lot more than anybody should have to go to.
  • This is not a situation where we have long-term studies or long-term tests.
  • We also test every batch of meat we sell.
  • They'll do a 24-hour test. Once all of them come back...
Summary: The meeting of the public health committee focused on the pressing issue of opioid addiction in Texas, with a particular emphasis on House Bill 3717. Chairman Harris detailed the bill's intent to fund a grant program for Ibogaine clinical trials, framing it as a critical response to the ongoing opioid crisis. He shared poignant testimonies highlighting the struggles of families and veterans battling addiction and mental health issues. The conversation underscored the necessity of innovative treatments, like Ibogaine, which showed promising results in studies for reducing symptoms of withdrawal and PTSD.
ND

North Dakota 2026 1st Special Session

Higher Education Institutions Committee Jun 19th, 2026 at 09:00 am

Higher Education Institutions Committee

Transcript Highlights:
  • He said that challenge, the challenge of doing the hard things, is what tests the best of our energies
  • Because ACT changed some methodology, the science test was pulled out as a required score.
  • And in language, it said four test scores.
  • So all students, we take these test scores from that July 1 through June 30.
  • If they've taken multiple tests during that time period, those scores are going to be superscored so
Keywords: 908, all
TX
Transcript Highlights:
  • Just for your information, we will close signing up for test public testimony for the next two bills
  • Graham decision. in which the Supreme Court used the lemon test to strike down conditions.
  • Eliminating the Lemon test and instead looking more appropriately to America's history and tradition
  • Coercion is the new test that replaced the lemon test. that Senator King talked about.
  • But suffice it. it to say the big takeaway was that the lemon test was thrown out and if you want to
Bills: SB 10, SB 11
WA
Transcript Highlights:
  • So they had to work with the local health jurisdictions to find out who in their community had tested
  • And then, of course, we still have 13 that are being tested and are awaiting those results.
  • I wanted to start with a question about the proviso that provided for the genealogy testing.
  • doing that testing?
  • And then they outsourced the DNA testing to Othram Labs.
Summary: The House State Government and Tribal Relations Committee held a field hearing on the Puyallup Reservation, where members first received an overview of sports betting in Washington. Tribal casino representatives and the Washington State Gambling Commission explained that sports betting became legal in 2020 under HB 2638 and is currently limited to tribal casinos through sportsbook, kiosk, and on-premise mobile wagering. Testimony covered how odds are set, compliance with federal anti-money-laundering rules, and the role of third-party vendors. Tribal representatives said sports betting supports tribal economic development and asked to expand betting to include Washington college teams, while warning that prediction markets and other unregulated products pose a threat. Committee members asked about geo-fencing, betting limits, in-state college betting restrictions, and regulatory oversight. No votes were taken. The committee then heard from Vicki Lowe of the American Indian Health Commission on tribal data sovereignty and health data. She described tribal sovereignty and the federal trust responsibility, and said tribes should have equitable access to their own health data and control over how it is used. She explained that during COVID, tribes often lacked direct access to state health data, which complicated case tracing and other public health work. Lowe said the Department of Health stopped collecting tribal affiliation in some contexts because of Public Records Act concerns, and she argued that this is inconsistent with tribal data-sharing principles adopted through the Governor’s Indian Health Advisory Council. Members asked for clarification about what counts as tribal data and how public records concerns affected data collection. No formal action was taken. Finally, Lucy Smartlut gave an update on the Washington State Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and People Task Force. She reported on the task force’s structure, its extension through 2027, and progress on recommendations including a fully funded cold case investigation unit in the Attorney General’s office, an updated missing persons resource, and forensic genetic genealogy work on unidentified remains. She said the cold case unit has active investigations, has helped locate missing Indigenous people, and made its first homicide arrest. She also presented data showing Native people are disproportionately represented among homicide and missing persons cases, and noted survey findings that many law enforcement agencies rely on officer observation for race data and have limited consultation with tribes. Committee members asked about funding, interagency coordination, and whether the task force is shifting toward prevention. The presenter said sustainability, continued awareness, and stronger collaboration remain priorities, and no vote was taken.
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • notable learning gains compared to the similar non-community schools, with an improvement in math test
  • level in additional learning, and also showing larger than expected gains in English language arts test
  • You see dramatic gains in both math and English language arts test scores for the community schools in
  • Mayor, focusing on your LPI study, you know, you talk about how the greatest test score gains were at
  • And that also, again, we're talking about testing. People focus on so much data and testing.
Summary: The joint informational and oversight hearing focused on community schools in California, with members emphasizing that the purpose was to examine effectiveness, implementation, and sustainability rather than the Governor’s budget proposal. The California Department of Education described the California Community Schools Partnership Program, created in 2021 and funded with more than $4 billion, including planning, implementation, extension, and county coordination grants. Officials said nearly 2,500 schools are participating and highlighted the statewide technical assistance structure, including the State Transformational Assistance Center, eight regional centers, county offices, and CDE support. Researchers from the Learning Policy Institute and UCLA presented early findings and implementation data. LPI reported reductions in chronic absenteeism and suspensions, along with gains in math and English language arts, with especially large benefits for Black students and other historically underserved groups. UCLA described the Annual Progress Report as a statewide improvement tool showing growth in capacity-building, shared decision-making, whole-child supports, and continuous improvement. Members asked about how the reports measure outcomes, how to interpret outliers, and how to distinguish community schools effects from other concurrent initiatives; presenters said matched comparison methods and deeper case-study work are being used, with additional statewide findings expected in June. Panelists from Oakland Unified, LAUSD/UTLA, San Diego Unified, and advocacy organizations described key elements of success: integrated student supports, strong family and student engagement, collaborative leadership, community partnerships, and school-site decision-making. They gave examples such as wellness centers, dual enrollment, student senates, parent leadership, and community campaigns that built trust and increased participation. Members also raised concerns about sustainability, implementation fidelity, and whether community schools improve participation in LCAP processes. Presenters said major barriers include unclear early guidance, the need for a mindset shift away from top-down models, and uncertainty about long-term funding for coordinators and other staff. The panel’s recommendations centered on stable ongoing funding, stronger technical assistance, shared governance, and embedding community schools practices into district and county systems.
NH
Transcript Highlights:
  • , okay, the licensed social worker test is too high a bar?
  • <00:10:57.279> okay worker uh professional test okay worker uh professional test okay licensed
  • So my other question was whether there's some other test that might be a better fit for the position,
  • whether it's an academic test or practical skills test, that would actually just be more relevant to
  • academic test or practical skills test academic test or practical skills test uh<00:22:09.919>
Keywords: 928, house, all
Summary: The subcommittee heard House Bill 2712, which would remove the exam requirement for licensure as a Licensed Social Work Associate (LSWA). Members expressed concern that the exam requirement was only added in 2021 and has not been in place long enough to evaluate, but they also questioned whether licensure should be granted without a meaningful measure of competency. Testimony was split: supporters argued the exam is a barrier for applicants without formal social work education, while opponents said licensure should still require some standard of competency, especially because the title carries public expectations and insurance reimbursement implications. Karina Bonia, speaking for NASW New Hampshire, said there is very limited data because only one person in New Hampshire currently holds an LSWA. She explained that LSWA applicants may have degrees outside social work, unlike licensed social workers, and that the current exam is the same national social work exam used for higher levels of licensure. She argued that this creates a significant barrier for LSWA applicants and noted that LSWA holders are already required to complete 30 hours of training and substantial supervised hours. Members asked for data on pass/fail rates and whether a different exam or practical skills test would be more appropriate. Committee members and OPLC representatives discussed whether the current statute and board rules already provide enough authority for the board to set other criteria, and whether the exam requirement is tied to the social work compact. OPLC indicated that the current rule requires passage of a national proctored exam approved by the board, but that no national exam exists specifically for this level, and that the board may need legislative authority to develop different criteria. The discussion ended with interest in obtaining the existing rule language and possibly revisiting the issue through amendment or future legislation rather than immediately removing the exam requirement.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
  • So come in and we'll give her a strep test and a flu test.” We tested her for both of them.
  • So we did another test, and she tested positive.
  • They had tested her. She had tested positive for strep.
  • That's a $4 test, not a $50 to $100 test.
  • That's a $4 test, not a $50 to $100 test.
Keywords: 1185, senate, all
TX

Texas 89th 2nd C.S.

Higher Education Apr 15th, 2025

Higher Education

Transcript Highlights:
  • Can you talk about why testing is important versus, uh, actually getting a vaccine? Correct.
  • So, um, testing and detection has regularly been found to be the number one way to, um, To prevent the
  • If you remember Operation Warp Speed, that did not mean that we did, we, we went around the testing of
  • That came out of that work was um the testing for COVID, how, how that was led.
  • We're gonna test up, set up test beds at Reese Technology Center and EM effects on critical infrastructure
US
Transcript Highlights:
  • Just run the tests. Are you willing to do that?
  • Did he launch a stress test when inflation reached 40-year highs? No.
  • I, for one, think CCAR and stress testing are broken.
  • So, CCAR and stress tests.
  • At the appropriateness of the way the stress tests have been implemented.
Summary: The meeting involved significant discussions around key legislative proposals, primarily focusing on various bills such as HB2 and SB5. The committee examined the implications of these bills on issues like housing affordability and financial regulation. Notable members engaged in debates, providing differing perspectives on the potential economic impacts of the proposed bills. The meeting witnessed public testimony, which included a call for accountability in government actions and oversight of current financial policies. Members echoed concerns about following through on commitments to address critical issues affecting everyday Americans.
FL
Transcript Highlights:
  • are tested two times a week randomly.
  • are tested two times a week randomly.
  • The DNA testing grant program will provide dedicated funds and resources to assist DNA evidence testing
  • with specialized techniques for expedited testing when needed.
  • It would just be able to have this as a grant to pay for the test.
Summary: The committee heard and voted on a long agenda of criminal justice, public safety, and civil justice bills. Among the measures reported favorably were SB 984, which adds aggravating factors for capital sentencing when a murder occurs during religious, school, or public government gatherings; SB 1140, creating a Hillsborough County pilot program to address substance abuse among offenders on probation; SB 1180, expanding child pornography laws to cover lewd altered or filtered images and solicitation; SB 10, providing compensation to Sidney Holmes for a wrongful conviction; SB 500, creating a Spectrum Alert system and training for missing children with autism; SB 1054, increasing penalties for tampering with electronic monitoring devices; SB 1072, establishing an expedited DNA testing grant program; and SB 240, the Haven Act, which aligns domestic and dating violence protections and creates a feasibility study for a discreet emergency contact system for victims. Several bills were amended before passage, including funding for the Spectrum Alert program and technical changes to the DNA, juvenile justice, and other proposals. Members also advanced SB 494, creating a statewide FDLE animal abuse database and increasing sentencing consequences for aggravated animal cruelty, with strong support from animal welfare groups and county officials. SB 1422 was reported favorably to strengthen penalties for unmanned aircraft over critical infrastructure and for weaponized drones, though members raised concerns about the bill’s “reasonable force” language. SB 1268 updated FDLE statutes and increased reimbursement for retired police dogs. SB 1252 was amended into a feasibility study for a statewide pawn data database, and SB 1386 increased penalties for assaults and batteries on utility workers, drawing support from utility and industry groups. The committee also approved SB 1084 on sexual cyber harassment, which criminalizes dissemination of intimate images and digitally forged intimate images, and SB 1654, which revises sexual offender and predator registration rules, including online reporting for certain in-state travel residences. SB 1650 expanded the vexatious litigant law, and SB 1652 created a public records exemption for stricken non-criminal court filings. Finally, SB 1284, expanding Florida’s Wrongful Death Act to allow civil claims for the death of an unborn child, drew extensive testimony both for and against; supporters called it a life-affirming measure, while opponents warned it could increase litigation, affect abortion-related care, and discourage physicians from practicing in Florida. The bill was heard with multiple public comments, but the transcript excerpt does not show a final vote on SB 1284.
MD

Maryland 2026 Regular Session

Senate Floor Session, 4/13/2026 #1

Maryland Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • In that process, we hope by the test.
  • The supervision is leading up into the successful passage of the test.
  • if you take the test right now and pass it, there's no provisional.
  • if you take the test right now and pass it, there's no provisional.
  • successful at passing the test. successful at passing the test.
Summary: The Senate convened on the final day of session, heard an invocation, recognized guests and pages, and outlined a tentative plan for multiple sessions and breaks through the day. The chamber then took up several messages between the Senate and House, including a refusal to concur in House amendments to Senate Bill 311 on the Blueprint for Maryland’s Future and the appointment of conferees, as well as a House message on House Bill 9007 establishing a conference committee on third-degree assault. The Senate also considered a series of second-reader bills. House Bill 6, requiring MHEC to collect data on pregnant and parenting students, was amended to exempt Maryland Global Campus and limit certain provisions to public senior higher education institutions and community colleges before being ordered to third reading. House Bill 182, concerning replacement of faithless electors, was amended to conform with Senate Bill 237 and then passed. House Bill 575, creating excused absences for student civic engagement, drew the most discussion; senators asked about the definition of civic engagement, county discretion, and whether students could use the bill for repeated protests. The floor leader explained that county boards would retain discretion and that the bill would not require weekly absences. The bill’s two amendments were adopted and it was sent to third reading. Additional measures passed with little or no opposition. House Bill 640 revised boards, commissions, and reporting requirements; House Bill 1335 required an independent study of IT and cybersecurity staffing and pay; House Bill 587 created a work group to review transportation procurement procedures; House Bill 854 established a nonpublic special education school renovation program; and House Bill 898 adjusted economic development provisions, including VLT proceeds and film tax credit language, after questions about the general fund impact. The Senate also advanced House Bill 1247 on Prince George’s County tax increment financing for an immersive entertainment venue, with amendments making it an emergency bill and addressing zoning and outdoor advertising issues.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Capital Investment Committee 3/17/26

Capital Investment

Transcript Highlights:
  • Fun fact, I did a DNA test. It sounds like a song, right? I did a DNA test.
  • Um, no, I did a DNA test and I thought I was a lot more Native American than I am. I'm 10%, okay?
  • for testing in that area.
  • We also have high demand for digital evidence. testing services in Minnesota. testing services in Minnesota
  • for testing in continue to see demands for testing in that<00:09:38.160> area.
NH

New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session

House Transportation (03/04/2025)

Transcript Highlights:
  • materials and testing or training materials and testing for the Hampshire driver licenses.
  • this bill is about the DMV's testing this bill is about the DMV's testing materials<01:06:03.400
  • <01:16:39.000> materials the the training and testing materials the the training and testing
  • Again, with the original bill, it just spoke or dealt with testing materials, training, and testing materials
  • <01:41:29.480> that be during the actual driving test that be during the actual driving test
Keywords: 928, house, all
Summary: The Transportation Committee met in executive session on several House bills. HB 212, allowing a 180-day operation waiver when a vehicle fails an emissions test, was retained at the sponsor’s request for possible modifications. HB 249, which would have let bicyclists treat stop signs as yields and stop lights as stop signs, was recommended inexpedient to legislate (ITL) by a 9-7 vote, with a minority report expected. The committee then retained HB 298, creating an exception for removing VIN tags from pre-1981 vehicles when needed for repair or restoration, by a 15-1 vote. HB 411-FN, making handheld device use while driving a secondary offense, was recommended ITL by consent after members argued the current primary-offense law is more effective for enforcement and safety. On HB 414, which would have barred DMV license suspensions based on debts owed to private towing or storage companies, the committee rejected ITL and instead retained the bill 16-0 after members split over whether the current law unfairly ties driving privileges to private debt collection. HB 441, addressing visible diesel emissions and “rolling coal,” was recommended ITL 16-0 because members said the conduct is already illegal under existing state and federal law. The committee then took up HB 461, concerning Department of Safety and DMV training and testing materials, where members debated whether driver testing should be limited to English and whether multilingual materials are a safety necessity or discriminatory; the transcript cuts off before a final vote is shown.
MN

Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session

Committee on Taxes - 02/06/25

Taxes

Transcript Highlights:
  • <00:15:20.600> um set aside the um the butt for test um set aside the um the butt for test
  • that matches the renewal and test that matches the renewal and Redevelopment<00:16:01.160> um
  • or not um now meets the but for test or not um now there<00:32:10.440> is<00:32:11.039> um
  • . ...you were wrong about the but-for test.
  • the um the blight Tex the blight uh test the um the blight Tex the blight uh test needs<00:42:54.119
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
Summary: The Minnesota Senate Taxes Committee met on February 6, 2025, and first approved the February 5 minutes. The main item was the Office of the State Auditor’s annual report on tax increment financing (TIF), presented by Jason Nord in place of Auditor Blaha, who was ill. Nord explained how TIF captures new property value to finance development, and reviewed statewide data for 2023 reported in 2024. The report said TIF was used by 382 authorities statewide, with 378 authorities reporting on 1,678 districts. Redevelopment and housing/economic development districts made up the vast majority of districts, with housing districts becoming especially common in Greater Minnesota. Of the $238 million in tax increment generated in 2023, 78% came from the metro area, and most dollars came from redevelopment districts. The report also noted $7.4 million in increment returned to counties, cities, and school districts, and described long-term trends showing early growth in TIF use, reforms in the 1980s and 1990s, a drop after 2002 property tax changes, and another decline after many older districts reached maximum duration. Committee members asked about uncodified districts, the location of the remaining pre-1979 district, whether the same cities continue using TIF over time, and how Minnesota compares with other states. Nord said the uncodified districts include housing replacement and special-law districts, the pre-1979 district is in Princeton, and the number of authorities starting or stopping use each year is usually small. He also said Minnesota differs from many states, including by allowing pooling. The presentation highlighted that TIF debt statewide is a little over $1.8 billion, mostly in pay-as-you-go notes rather than general obligation bonds, and that many districts decertify early—often years before their maximum term—supporting the chair’s interest in legislation to shorten redevelopment district duration and repeal renewal and renovation districts. No votes were taken on the report.
TX

Texas 89th Regular

S/C on County & Regional Government Mar 10th, 2025

S/C on County & Regional Government

Transcript Highlights:
  • Started testing, but my brothers and sisters across the state do not have that same benefit.
  • Do not test their firefighters for cancer. Do not screen them.
  • His fight actually tested him.
  • In Flower Mound, we test. 140 line personnel and that that tag is on the expensive side.
  • There's a much more cost burden to the cities than stepping up and actually testing for cancers.
FL

Florida 2026 5th Special Session

FL House Floor Session - 2025-04-16 (2:00PM Session)

Florida House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • urine testing they conduct to treat possible drug overdose or poisoning.
  • It requires follow-up testing if test results are positive.
  • Committee Substitute for House Bill 1195, a bill to be entitled an act relating to fentanyl testing.
  • Committee Substitute for House Bill 1195, a bill to be entitled an act relating to fentanyl testing.
  • It's tested twice a week.
Summary: The Florida Senate convened with a quorum, opening prayer, Pledge of Allegiance, and several introductions and gallery recognitions, including students, university basketball coaches, and other visitors. The chamber then moved through a long special order calendar of bills, with most measures explained by sponsors, often substituted with identical House companions, and many passing on unanimous or near-unanimous votes. Several bills were temporarily postponed, including measures on the Council on the Social Status of Black Men and Boys, utility services, higher education, pre-arranged transportation services, the Uniform Commercial Code, altered sexual depictions, firearms during emergencies, brownfields, false reporting, health care billing and collection, and motor vehicles. Among the bills passed were measures on the Florida Trust Code, school district reporting requirements for educator arrests and misconduct, debt collection email communications, service of process, public lodging and food service establishments, lien waivers and releases, public records protections for Crime Stoppers personnel, foreign ties affecting health care licensure, diabetes management in schools, platting procedures, fentanyl testing in hospitals and emergency departments, third-party reservation platforms, electronic delivery of landlord-tenant notices, restitution for leaving the scene of a crash, background screening of athletic coaches, and surrendered infants. Debate was especially notable on the surrendered infants bill, where some senators raised concerns about safety, anonymity, and liability, while supporters argued the devices could save lives. The affordable housing/Live Local bill also drew extensive discussion and a late-filed amendment, with the sponsor describing major land-use and permitting changes and the chamber adopting the amendment before final passage. The most contentious floor debate came on the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services bill, where senators argued over its fluoride-related provisions and broader policy package. Opponents criticized the bill as an overbroad preemption and raised public health concerns, while the sponsor defended it as a farm-and-consumer package with multiple unrelated provisions. That bill ultimately passed 27-9. At the end of the session, the Senate agreed to certify all bills passed that day to the House, recognized a resolution honoring Florida’s sister-state relationship with Taiwan, made additional announcements, and then adjourned until the next scheduled meeting.
FL

Florida 2026 Regular Session

Senate in Session Apr 16th, 2025

Florida Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • urine testing they conduct to treat possible drug overdose or poisoning.
  • It requires follow-up testing if test results are positive.
  • Committee substitute for House Bill 1195, a bill to be entitled an act relating to fentanyl testing.
  • Committee substitute for House Bill 1195, a bill to be entitled an act relating to fentanyl testing.
  • It's tested twice a week.
Summary: The Senate convened with a quorum, opened with prayer and the Pledge of Allegiance, and recognized several guests and groups in the gallery, including students, business groups, and university basketball coaches. The chamber then moved through a long special order calendar, taking up a series of bills on trust law, school district reporting, debt collection, service of process, lodging and food service establishments, lien waivers, public records protections for Crime Stoppers personnel, foreign ownership/health care licensure issues, diabetes management in schools, platting, fentanyl testing, third-party reservation platforms, electronic landlord-tenant notices, leaving the scene of a crash, background screening for athletic coaches, surrendered infants, and affordable housing. Several bills were temporarily postponed, and multiple House companion bills were substituted where the measures were identical or had only drafting differences. Debate focused on a few measures. Senators questioned the trust code bill’s effect on out-of-state attorneys general; the school reporting bill was described as strengthening arrest and misconduct reporting for instructional personnel; and the service-of-process and lodging bills were presented as technical and consumer-protection fixes. The fentanyl testing bill drew emotional support from the sponsor and families affected by overdose deaths. The surrendered-infant bill prompted opposition over safety, anonymity, and the limited use of baby boxes, while supporters argued it could save lives. The affordable housing bill, updating the Live Local Act, was amended to adjust parking reductions and allow certain properties to use the administrative approval process, with additional limits and exclusions added. Most measures passed overwhelmingly, including the trust code bill, school reporting, debt collection, service of process, lien waivers, public records, foreign-country business interest restrictions, diabetes management in schools, platting, fentanyl testing, third-party reservation platforms, electronic landlord-tenant notices, leaving-the-scene restitution, athletic coach background screening, surrendered infants, and affordable housing. The day’s most divided vote was on the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services bill, which drew extended debate over fluoride policy and other provisions; it passed 27-9. At the end of the session, the Senate agreed to immediately certify all bills passed that day to the House, recognized a Taiwan-related resolution for the journal, made additional announcements, and adjourned until the next scheduled meeting.
NM
Transcript Highlights:
  • Testing, sound check, test. Test. Testing, testing, sound check. Test, test, let's try it again.
  • This does not include things like closed track testing or simulation.
  • I know that New Mexico has looked at legislation to allow for AV testing and all that.
  • Is New Mexico only approving testing right now? No, New Mexico allows for deployment as well.
  • The testing that we did resulted in the bridge; it's hard to tell.