Video & Transcript Research : 'Duluth Promise'

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US

US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session

US House Floor Proceedings (Thursday, May 8, 2025)

US Federal House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Trump promised repeatedly not to cut Social Security.
  • <03:14:54.319> Trump<03:14:54.720> promised look at Social Security.
  • Trump promised look at Social Security.
  • Oh, he had these signs all over America, promising low prices.
  • nonprofit and its recruits, promising nonprofit and its recruits, promising college<03:56:17.760
US

US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session

US House Floor Proceedings (Tuesday, April 8, 2025)

US Federal House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • This is a violation of the sacred promise of Social Security.
  • Speaker, despite promising to support farmers and promote health, this is just another of many recent
  • <02:11:14.480> and<02:11:14.639> promote promising to support farmers and promote promising
  • The president promised lower prices in a booming economy, and we're going to get higher prices and a
  • The president promised lower prices in a booming economy, and we're going to get higher prices and a
US

US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session

US House Floor Proceedings (Wednesday, February 26, 2025)

US Federal House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Unfortunately, since taking office, the Trump administration has broken their promises to our families
  • <00:08:10.280> to<00:08:10.479> our<00:08:10.759> families broken their promises
  • to our families broken their promises to our families and<00:08:11.919> breached<00:08:12.440
  • you the American because I promise you the American people<00:21:29.440> won't<00:21:29.760><
  • The men and women who serve our country deserve our unwavering support, not broken promises.
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Assembly Floor Session May 26th, 2026

California House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • He encouraged her to try it, promising that he would bring more next time.
  • He encouraged her to try it, promising that he would bring more next time.
  • One of the promises is factory-built housing and modular housing.
  • They are asking for peace of mind and are placing their trust in a system that promises to protect them
  • But too often, that promise is not fully kept.
Keywords: 988, house, all
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Assembly Judiciary Committee Apr 21st, 2026

Transcript Highlights:
  • to protect people who pay for insurance or whose employers do and simply want the care they were promised
  • They are asking for peace of mind, and they are placing their trust in a system that promises to protect
  • But too often, that promise is not kept.
  • That tragedy is a painful reminder that a protective order must be more than a promise on paper.
  • Promise to be brief. Thank the author and her staff for her engagement.
Summary: The committee heard several bills, with most of the discussion focused on public safety, consumer protection, and youth harms. AB 1557 by Assemblymember Papin would clarify e-bike motor power limits and set lower speed-related standards for Class 1 and 2 e-bikes. Supporters, including the California Police Chiefs Association, cities, the California Medical Association, and the American Academy of Pediatrics, argued the bill would reduce severe injuries and deaths among young riders. Opponents from People for Bikes warned it could conflict with federal law, create legal uncertainty, and disrupt the bicycle market. The author and committee members acknowledged industry concerns and urged continued work on the bill. AB 1770 by Assemblymember Garcia would place large health care service plan arbitration under California Department of Justice oversight and require compliance with the California Arbitration Act. Supporters described cases where patients were forced into private arbitration with little transparency or accountability, arguing the bill would make the process fairer and more neutral. Kaiser Permanente and the Civil Justice Association of California said they were still reviewing amendments and had not settled on a final position. Committee members expressed sympathy for the personal stories shared and encouraged continued negotiations. The committee also heard AB 2075, which would require fire suppression equipment to be kept closer at hand during brush work, and AB 1864, which would require screening of gene synthesis orders to prevent misuse for bioterrorism. AB 2075 was presented as a response to a Ventura County wildfire, with support from the Ventura County District Attorney’s office and no opposition heard. AB 1864 was backed by the author, Stanford biosecurity expert Dr. Milana Trout, and Encode AI, while Biocom opposed unless amended and California Life Sciences remained neutral. Members discussed implementation details and the role of the Department of Public Health. A major portion of the hearing was devoted to AB 1709, which would set a minimum age of 16 for social media accounts on platforms with harmful features and create an e-safety advisory commission. Supporters, including youth advocates, parents, medical groups, and Common Sense Media, said addictive design features are harming children’s mental health and safety. Opponents, including EFF, the ACLU, TechNet, and other civil liberties and industry groups, argued the bill is overbroad, raises First Amendment and privacy concerns, and could limit access to important online communities. Despite those objections, the bill was moved forward after committee discussion, with members emphasizing the need to protect children while continuing to work on carveouts and implementation details.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Committee on Labor - 03/26/26

Labor

Transcript Highlights:
  • Again, I do think AI has tremendous promise.
  • Again, I do think AI has tremendous promise.
  • Again, I do think AI has tremendous promise.
  • Again, I do think AI has tremendous<00:26:42.360> promise.
  • I think it can be tremendous promise.
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Judiciary Finance and Civil Law Committee 3/3/26

Judiciary Finance and Civil Law

Transcript Highlights:
  • Promises that in our state are nonpartisan and just common sense.
  • It upholds promises<00:54:23.440> that<00:54:23.760> were<00:54:24.000> made<00:
  • 54:24.160> to<00:54:24.400> people<00:54:24.640> with promises that were made to
  • <00:54:31.119> Promises federal political theatrics.
  • Promises federal political theatrics.
Summary: The committee approved the minutes from February 24 and February 26. It then took up House File 3661, a bill originally authored by Representative Gomez and presented by Representative Feist, which would ban government use of facial recognition technology and be re-referred to the Public Safety Finance and Policy Committee. The committee adopted the A1 amendment, described as a technical amendment based on House Research recommendations, before hearing testimony on the bill. Representative Feist said the bill is aimed at preventing serious privacy and civil-liberties harms, including secretive surveillance, racial and gender bias, and the lack of statewide rules governing government use of facial recognition. Supportive testimony came from Chad Marlo of the ACLU, who argued the issue is bipartisan, the technology has accuracy problems, and government use is expanding against vulnerable groups. Chris Wayland of Restore the Fourth Minnesota also supported a ban, emphasizing the inability to opt out of facial recognition and the lack of standards, disclosure, and community input. Rich Newmeister urged stronger transparency measures, including agency policies and public notice in buildings using the technology. Major Spencer Baky of the Hennepin County Sheriff's Office opposed an outright ban, saying facial recognition is used only as an investigative lead, not for positive identification or real-time surveillance, and that results are corroborated before use. He said the office has used the tool in hundreds of investigations and supports a statutory framework with safeguards instead of a ban. In member discussion, Representative Hudson argued a blanket ban was too broad and suggested a more targeted evidentiary approach, while Representative Moller and Representative Kurr expressed concern about misuse and the federal government's use of the technology. Representative Durant asked whether there was a current Minnesota problem and whether stakeholders and law enforcement had been involved in drafting the bill. No final vote on the bill was taken in the portion provided, beyond adoption of the amendment and the committee’s continued consideration of HF 3661.
HI
Transcript Highlights:
  • When we first moved into Makilo in 1981, there were a little over 7,000 people, and we were promised
  • Give the people of Makilo what we were promised from the '70s, in the '80s, the '90s, and now we are
  • <01:28:36.800> Here<01:28:36.960> we promised a second access then.
  • Here we promised a second access then.
  • from the 70s in what we were promised from the 70s in the<01:29:33.679> 80s,<01:29:34.159>
Keywords: 910, house, all
Summary: The committee heard testimony on several transportation-related bills. HB 1688, which would provide a general excise tax exemption for certain aircraft maintenance materials, parts, tools, and facility construction, received comments from the Department of Taxation and support from Alaska Airlines, Hawaiian Airlines, Kohala Coast Resort, the Activities and Attractions Association of Hawaii, and the Tax Foundation of Hawaii. Testimony indicated the measure was intended to clarify an existing exemption rather than create a new one. The bulk of the hearing focused on HB 2386, which would authorize the Public Utilities Commission to establish automatic adjustment mechanisms and a water carrier inflationary cost index. The Department of Transportation said it would change its testimony to support the bill, citing a 2020 working group recommendation, while the PUC and DCCA offered comments. Matson, the Maritime Group, Hawaii Harbors Users Group, and Young Brothers supported the measure, arguing it would modernize regulation, improve predictability, and help maintain reliable interisland shipping. Hawaii Farm Bureau offered comments, while Hawaii Food Industry Association, Maui Brewing Company, Lani Kai Brewing Company, and the Japanese Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Hawaii opposed it, arguing automatic rate increases were not the solution and that underlying costs and efficiencies should be addressed first. The chair noted the bill was essentially the same as one previously considered, and asked questions about how Hawaii’s water carrier regulation compares with other states. The committee also heard HB 1691, which would allow electronic signatures for certain motor vehicle title transfers after total-loss insurance settlements and remove the notary requirement for that narrow transaction. The City and County of Honolulu Department of Customer Services, Hawaii Insurers Council, Copart, American Property Casualty Insurance Association, and one individual supported it, with Copart saying the change would reduce delays and could allow a faster, largely electronic settlement process. Members asked about county impacts, and Copart said counties would only see a different form with no added cost or electronic integration. HB 1680, requiring county finance directors to notify agencies through a centralized system for vehicle transfers, drew opposition from the City and County of Honolulu Department of Customer Services and one individual in support. HB 2516, raising helmet requirements for electric foot scooters and bicycles and requiring helmets for high-speed or Class 3 electric bicycles, received support from DOT, DOH, AAA Hawaii, and the Hawaii Bicycling League. HB 193, allowing deaf vehicle owners to register a deafness designation visible to law enforcement, drew support from the City and County of Honolulu Department of Customer Services, the Hawaii Disabilities Rights Center, and an individual who suggested amendments to broaden the bill to deaf and hard of hearing individuals and adjust the proof standard. HB 2442, increasing required accessible and van-accessible parking spaces in larger parking lots, was supported by the Disability and Communication Access Board, the Council on Developmental Disabilities, and the Disability Rights Center, which said the bill would address shortages of accessible parking and may need technical amendments to align terminology with the ADA.
MN

Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session

House Housing Finance and Policy Committee 3/4/25

Housing Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:
  • The promise of association living has been one of affordable, well-maintained housing that offered home
  • ownership to a wide variety of people in every income level, and for some that promise delivered.
  • our laws have simply not kept<00:04:27.759> pace<00:04:28.759> the<00:04:28.960> promise
  • <00:04:40.840> delivered<00:04:41.840> and<00:04:41.960> for some that promise
  • delivered and for some that promise delivered and for others<00:04:42.479> the<00:04:42.720><
Keywords: 1183, house
MA

Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session

Joint Committee on Financial Services Jun 21st, 2026 at 10:30 am

Joint Committee on Financial Services

Transcript Highlights:
  • of this bill can transform anguish into relief, turning a chorus of there's no coverage into the promise
  • of this bill can transform anguish into relief, turning a chorus of there's no coverage into the promise
  • Transition is the cruelest of medical hoaxes, promising escape for one sex by mimicking regressive sex
  • How many thousands of young people who bought into the promise of a better life in the past few years
Keywords: 995, all
Summary: The committee heard testimony on a wide range of health insurance and public health bills, with most speakers focused on expanding coverage for specific treatments and services. Bills discussed included H. 1187/S. 792 on rehabilitation counselors, H. 1173/S. 692 on patient navigation, S. 2600 on scalp cooling for chemotherapy patients, S. 2599 on medically necessary treatment for port wine birthmarks, H. 1164 on licensed educational psychologists for child and adolescent mental health services, S. 754/H. 1254 on autism diagnosis and treatment by nurse practitioners and psychiatric nurse mental health clinical specialists, S. 714/H. 1137 on infectious disease response and coverage, and S. 791 on making nature a prescriptive therapeutic intervention. Speakers generally argued these bills would improve access, reduce out-of-pocket costs, and address gaps in current insurance reimbursement rules. Testimony in support emphasized personal stories and clinical evidence. Cancer patients and providers described the benefits of patient navigation and scalp cooling for dignity and quality of life during treatment. Boston Children’s Hospital staff and families said port wine birthmark treatment is medically necessary, can prevent complications, and should not be denied as cosmetic. Rehabilitation counselors and school psychologists argued their services are effective, cost-saving, and underused because they cannot bill insurance. Autism advocates said current insurance statutes are outdated because nurse practitioners and psychiatric nurse mental health clinical specialists already provide evaluations and should be recognized for reimbursement to avoid delays in early intervention. Public health and GLAD Law testimony supported stronger infectious disease coverage to remove barriers to testing, treatment, and PrEP access. The hearing also included extensive testimony on H. 1172, a bill requiring insurance coverage for detransition-related care. Supporters said it would ensure coverage for medically necessary care for people who regret or reverse gender transition, while opponents argued it would legitimize anti-trans narratives or, conversely, that detransition care is needed because transition procedures can cause harm. The committee also heard strong support for S. 791 from advocates who described nature access as a health intervention that could help with trauma, anxiety, substance use recovery, and environmental justice, with claims that insurance coverage and reduced park fees would improve access. No votes were taken during the transcript, and the chair repeatedly thanked speakers and moved through the long list of public testimony.
MA

Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session

Joint Committee on State Administration and Regulatory Oversight Jun 21st, 2026 at 10:00 am

Joint Committee on State Administration and Regulatory Oversight

Transcript Highlights:
  • It's a promise that we take pride in, and with the help of our representative and Senator Markey, we're
  • One more lastly, I promise.
  • He was only preparing for his future, focused, full of promise, and doing everything right, but he never
  • survivors calling themselves the unsolved homicide ambassadors, who described years of silence, broken promises
Keywords: 995, all
Summary: The committee heard testimony on several bills. Representative David Linsky supported HB 3383, which would designate the song “Roadrunner” as the official rock song of Massachusetts, describing its Boston roots and cultural significance. Representative Sean Garberle supported HB 3335 on public access to historical records, arguing that records from state institutions should be released after 75 years and that families and researchers should be able to identify people buried in unmarked graves at former state institutions. Representative Rodney Elliott and Lowell officials supported HB 4138, authorizing easements for a Lowell sewer separation project; they said the project is needed for Clean Water Act compliance, will reduce combined sewer overflows into the Merrimack River, and must proceed quickly to meet SRF and consent-decree timelines. Committee members asked about Article 97, the location and scope of the easement, environmental justice impacts, and minority/small business participation in construction. The committee also heard extensive testimony on Senate 2183 and its House companion, which would elevate the Massachusetts National Guard to a cabinet-level position reporting directly to the Governor. Senators Mike Moore and John Velis, along with the National Guard Association’s Matthew McKenna, argued the change would reduce bureaucracy, improve communication and readiness, and reflect the Guard’s broad domestic and military missions. Velis cited the Holyoke Soldiers’ Home tragedy as an example of a breakdown in communication, while committee members said they wanted more information, including input from the Governor’s office and Guard leadership, before acting. The committee noted the distinction between state-controlled and federalized Guard missions and said it would continue reviewing the issue. Senator Liz Miranda and a large panel of survivors, advocates, and Northeastern law students testified in support of S. 2174 and S. 2177, which would create an office and task force on unsolved homicides, allow families to petition for case review after three years, require written responses, and establish a tip line, database, and dedicated funding. Witnesses described long-standing lack of communication, low clearance rates, and the disproportionate impact on Black and Brown communities. Senator Becca Rausch also testified on S. 2210, extending public records law to the governor and Legislature, and S. 2207, creating stronger information-governance and records-retention standards; she said both would improve transparency and reduce waste. The transcript does not reflect any votes taken during the hearing, though chairs repeatedly indicated support for moving some bills favorably and said the committee would continue reviewing the National Guard proposal.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Floor Session - Part 1 - 05/13/26

Minnesota Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Uh, lots of prayers for you in these last days, I promise.
  • and justice for all. prayers for you in these last days, I prayers for you in these last days, I promise
  • 00:08:01.840> be<00:08:02.000> here<00:08:02.160> on<00:08:02.479> May promise
  • Uh it is fun to be here on May promise.
Keywords: 918, senate, all
Summary: The Senate opened under call, received a prayer and pledge, and then proceeded through routine business including roll call, quorum, and messages from the House. The chamber concurred in House amendments to Senate File 3210, a human rights bill concerning disability accommodations, and then passed the bill on final passage by a vote of 42-22. The Senate also received several House messages on conference committees and returned bills, including SF 4476, SF 4612, and SF 4760, and agreed to conference committees on House File 3426 (Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund appropriations) and House File 4252 (higher education student aid reporting). The Senate adopted committee reports and moved several bills through second reading and introduction stages. In motions and resolutions, the Senate adopted Senate Resolution 86, which governs Senate business during the interim between sessions; the sponsor explained that most changes were cleanup and modernization, with one substantive change allowing the Secretary of the Senate to appoint someone to fill a vacancy in an elected officer position for the remainder of the interim. The resolution passed 57-0. The Senate also adopted Senate Resolution 87, commemorating deceased senators Bruce Anderson, Carrie Dietick, Alice Johnson, Bob Kurlin, Don Samuelson, James Yuland, and Ray Vander, followed by a moment of silence. The Senate then took up confirmations of three Minnesota Tax Court judges: Jane Bowman, Bradford Deopena, and Beverly Luther Quest. Supporters cited their combined public- and private-sector tax law experience, and the appointments were confirmed. Later, the chamber designated special orders and debated Senate File 3891, which would allow eggs to be donated up to 30 days past their quality assurance date to food shelves; supporters emphasized food insecurity, food waste reduction, and the bill’s support from food shelves and retailers. The bill passed 65-0. The Senate also considered House File 4240 on election administration, adopting an amendment that replaced House language with Senate language, including polling-place requirements for certain school district elections, a ban on candidates betting on their own elections, and an effective date for Three Rivers Park District reporting; the bill then passed 36-28. The chamber then began consideration of House File 4239, another elections-related bill, taking it from the table and offering an A5 amendment, but the transcript cuts off before final action on that bill.
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Transportation Committee Apr 27th, 2026

Transportation

Transcript Highlights:
  • people of this authority has been, say, I'll say it's been a major failure, because what's been promised
  • new administration in a couple of years that they would restore the $4 billion that was originally promised
  • probably going to be a lack of ridership paying for the maintenance, because that was the other thing promised
  • I mean, so far, he's right that what was promised hasn't been delivered, and, you know, that can't continue
Keywords: 987, senate, all
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Committee on Commerce and Consumer Protection - 02/24/26

Commerce and Consumer Protection

Transcript Highlights:
  • We also have two labs that are really promising that we anticipate having licensed relatively soon, that
  • 57.360> really We also have two labs that are really We also have two labs that are really promising
  • that<00:12:58.320> we<00:12:58.480> anticipate<00:12:58.959> having promising
  • that we anticipate having promising that we anticipate having licensed<00:12:59.680> relatively
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
NM

New Mexico 2026 Regular Session

House - Judiciary Feb 11th, 2026 at 05:05 pm

House Judiciary

Transcript Highlights:
  • And I want to renew the interest and the promise in this room today that many of us have to do that,
  • Kentucky passed an early identical bill in 2011, promising improved access and safety.
  • Other states have expanded this laser surgery authority with similar promises.
  • What I wanted to speak about is that the optometrists promised this real access care is going to change
MN

Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session

Omnibus tax finance and policy bill, HF9, passed in Minnesota House 6/9/25

Minnesota House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Members, how many times are we going to go to the well and say we're making promises to veterans in the
  • going to go to the well and say we're going to go to the well and say we're making<00:26:10.720> promises
  • c> veterans<00:26:11.840> in<00:26:12.080> the<00:26:12.159> tax making promises
  • to veterans in the tax making promises to veterans in the tax bill<00:26:12.640> and<00:26:12.960
Keywords: 1183, house
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • fear that once you I know it says it will be paid back but sometimes in government we hear those promises
  • still don't have numbers, on an unnecessary RTO mandate while also delaying the payroll provisions. promised
  • I urge you to oppose rescinding the promised salary increases for state workers. Thank you.
  • We urge this committee to not make decisions on empty promises with no real costs audits.
Keywords: 988, house, all
NH
Transcript Highlights:
  • national group and wrote the recommendations, which have been submitted to Congress, but I can't promise
  • 50.800> can't been submitted to Congress, but I can't been submitted to Congress, but I can't promise
  • 52.239> Congress<03:17:52.560> will<03:17:52.880> act<03:17:53.120> on promise
  • you when Congress will act on promise you when Congress will act on those.<03:17:54.080> Uh,<
Keywords: 928, house, all
Summary: The committee first took up several liquor-related bills. Senate Bill 24, allowing students under 21 to taste wine in educational settings, drew no opposition or amendment and was reported out 6-0. Senate Bill 79, authorizing self-pour automated systems under the liquor commission, also faced no opposition and was voted ought to pass 6-0. Senate Bill 80, shifting licensing, auditing, and enforcement for wholesale and retail e-cigarette sales to the liquor commission, prompted discussion about whether the change would add cost; members heard that the liquor commission already handles similar enforcement and that the change was meant to address nonreporting. It was voted ought to pass 6-0. The committee then discussed Senate Bill 87, concerning alcohol service in salons, barbershops, and spas. Members and staff focused on how to limit the amount served, whether to require recordkeeping, and privacy concerns about tracking what patrons drank. The discussion settled on removing references to alcohol type and quantity and keeping only patron records, with the understanding that the agency would set the details by rule. The bill was not formally amended at the meeting, but members agreed an amendment would be drafted for the following week; the bill itself was reported ought to pass with that amendment to be determined. Finally, the committee heard testimony on Senate Bill 245, the EMS No Surprises Act and System Stabilization Act. The sponsor, Senator Suprena, said the bill would prohibit balance billing for emergency ambulance calls and unscheduled transfers, while setting reimbursement at either locally set public rates or 325% of Medicare. She explained that the proposal was based on national work on ground ambulance billing and was intended to stabilize struggling EMS providers. Committee members sought clarification that the bill did not eliminate balance billing for non-emergency transfers, and the sponsor confirmed it did not. A second witness, Jerry Stringham, testified in support, citing his reimbursement background.
TX

Texas 89th Regular

Trade, Workforce & Economic Development Apr 15th, 2025

Trade, Workforce & Economic Development

Transcript Highlights:
  • I promise it'll be a softball.
  • Is that a promise or a threat? I promise. Members, any questions? Okay, we'll call you back.
  • Go ahead and point out, because I have promised the members we’re going to get it done before 10 o'clock
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • Denzel Hankinson: Lease-type PPPs, which I think are probably the most promising in this case, allow
  • So, three strategies that we've been engaged in that we think could be really promising for the state
  • And our colleague had to run to another one, but I promised her I would ask: given what we've seen where
  • And we had a great presentation a couple of weeks ago on this, and it seems like there's a lot of promise
Summary: The committee first heard AB 13, which would restructure the CPUC to increase legislative oversight, add legislative liaisons, require more detailed and timely reporting on rate-setting decisions, and add a public advocate member. The author and supporters argued the bill would improve transparency, accountability, and geographic diversity in CPUC decision-making amid rising utility rates. Witnesses from TURN, San Joaquin County, SDG&E, and former CPUC Commissioner Loretta Lynch offered support or support-in-principle, while no opposition testimony was presented. Members generally praised the bill’s transparency goals, and AB 13 passed 10-0 to Appropriations, with the roll left open for absent members. The committee then adopted the 2025-2026 committee rules and approved three consent items: AB 61, AB 365, and AB 406. The next bill, AB 99, would cap investor-owned utility rate increases above inflation except for specified costs such as safety, modernization, and fuel/commodity costs. The author and supporters, including a representative of the California Senior Legislature, said the bill was needed to protect ratepayers, especially seniors and low-income customers, from repeated rate hikes. Opposition came from utility labor, utilities, the Chamber of Commerce, and others, who argued the bill was too simplistic, could suppress labor costs, and did not account for major cost drivers such as wildfire mitigation, mandates, and net metering. Several members supported moving the bill forward as a starting point on affordability, while others criticized it as overly blunt. AB 99 passed 11-0 to Appropriations, with the roll left open. The hearing then shifted to an informational panel on strategies to reduce California transmission costs. A Public Advocates Office staffer described a growing backlog of approved-but-unbuilt transmission projects, rising transmission access charges, and long project timelines driven largely by utility pre-application and construction periods. Panelists from Net Zero California and consulting firms presented research suggesting that public financing or public-private partnership lease models could reduce transmission costs by lowering financing, tax, and capital costs, with estimated savings of up to 57% and as much as $123 billion over 40 years. PG&E’s representative said the utility is already pursuing federal loan guarantees, grants, and a public-private partnership with Citizens Energy, but warned that state ownership could create tax, wildfire-liability, and governance risks. Members asked about the CPUC’s role, the causes of delays, and whether public financing could complement existing competitive solicitation processes.