Video & Transcript Research : 'workforce development'
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CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Assembly Budget Subcommittee No. 3 on Education Finance May 19th, 2026
Transcript Highlights:
- And as of the spring, all four departments under the Labor and Workforce Development Agency, as well
- and Development Agency would have in the process, and the workforce development boards?
- First, the California Workforce Development Board has a key consultative role in terms of developing
- The California Workforce Development Board has a key consultative role in terms of developing the process
- In regards to Workforce Pell, as the state develops its workforce approval framework, we recommend the
Summary:
The committee heard an overview of the May Revision’s Proposition 98 changes for K-12 and community colleges. The Department of Finance said the minimum guarantee rises by $6.4 billion over the Governor’s Budget across the three-year window, with higher guarantees in each year, full payment of the prior settle-up, and larger deposits into the school rainy-day fund. The LAO said the revenue and LCFF updates were reasonable, but urged caution about the settle-up approach and recommended using more of the available funding to protect ongoing programs and build budget resilience. Members focused heavily on the size of the proposed $3.9 billion settle-up, the $10.3 billion reserve deposit, declining K-12 enrollment, and how much of the new funding should be ongoing versus one-time.
The committee then reviewed the community colleges portion of the budget. Finance described the May Revision’s higher SCFF COLA, additional funding for enrollment growth, a student support block grant, apprenticeship adjustments, and continued funding for deferred maintenance, Calbright, Common Cloud, and credit for prior learning. The Chancellor’s Office supported the core investments but asked for more funding for enrollment growth, changes to the growth formula, and a COLA for Student Equity and Achievement. The LAO recommended prioritizing the statutory COLA increase, noted that more than half of districts are already above current-year growth targets, and said the new adult learner demonstration project should be rejected because districts already have tools to support similar services. Members also discussed a $52 million current-year apportionment shortfall, which Finance said was discovered too late for the May Revision and would need to be addressed later.
Finally, the committee took up the proposed implementation of the federal Workforce Pell program. Finance proposed one-time funding for the California Student Aid Commission and Cradle to Career to build eligibility and data systems, along with trailer bill changes to set up state approval processes. CSAC said the program is promising but highly complex, that California lacks the needed infrastructure, and that the state will need emergency regulations, data linkages, and ongoing funding beyond the one-time proposal. The LAO agreed that some initial funding is needed but warned that the amounts and ongoing costs remain uncertain and that the Legislature should carefully draft the trailer bill language. Members asked about timing, other states’ actions, and how the state would ensure the program is ready for students and institutions.
MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
Status of Persons with Disabilities Jun 21st, 2026 at 12:00 pm
Transcript Highlights:
- Workforce Support Subcommittee meeting on addressing workforce barriers through apprenticeships.
- Development.
- Melissa Sebeli is the director of workforce development programs at Mass Higher Hampton County Workforce
- So now I would really like to introduce Melissa Chabelli, who is the Director of Workforce Development
- And so once they develop the need and we together develop what the missing component is, like is it just
Summary:
The Workforce Support Subcommittee met to discuss using registered apprenticeships to help address workforce shortages in disability services, human services, and other high-need fields. Co-chairs and staff introduced the session as a follow-up to earlier discussions with state labor officials and representatives from developmental disability and behavioral health provider associations. The panel focused on how apprenticeships can create paid, structured pathways into jobs while also supporting credentialing and retention.
Amara Ramon of the Division of Apprenticeship Standards explained how Massachusetts apprenticeship programs are registered and supported, including the roles of apprenticeship liaison staff, operations, quality assurance, and grant support. She described the core features of apprenticeships—paid on-the-job training, related technical instruction, wage progression, and industry credentials—and contrasted them with internships or co-ops. Melissa Chabelli of the MassHire Hampden County Workforce Board described the intermediary role her board plays in designing programs, registering apprentices, coordinating employers, and handling compliance. She emphasized flexibility, employer investment, tax credits, retention benefits, and the importance of mentors and local workforce partnerships.
Lisa Morris of UMass Chan/For Health Consulting described a developing apprenticeship for medical interpreters, built from an existing training foundation and designed to address the gap between classroom preparation and work experience. She said the model would combine pre-apprenticeship training, employer interviews, 2,000 hours of apprenticeship, and related technical instruction tied to national certification. Speakers also discussed examples for nursing, early childhood education, CNC machining, and programs serving neurodivergent learners, including Bridgewater State’s Excel program. In response to audience questions, panelists said state agencies can serve as intermediaries, recruitment can come through career centers, youth programs, community colleges, ESL centers, and incumbent workers, and accommodations or modified curricula can support apprentices with disabilities. No votes were taken; the session ended with encouragement for attendees to contact the presenters and Division of Apprenticeship Standards for help developing programs.
MN
Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session
Committee on Jobs and Economic Development - 03/03/25
Jobs and Economic Development
Transcript Highlights:
- > ensure of Workforce Development um to ensure of Workforce Development um to ensure that<00:07:35.879
- > looking Workforce Development first and looking Workforce Development first and looking at<00:17
- I am the senior director of the Sanaa Foundation's Workforce Development, or human development, as we
- from both Workforce Development Fund and general fund.
- from both Workforce Development funding from both Workforce Development Fund<01:27:41.000>
and
TX
Texas 89th Regular
Appropriations - S/C on Articles VI, VII, & VIII Feb 24th, 2025
Appropriations - S/C on Articles VI, VII, & VIII
Transcript Highlights:
- Workforce, material prices and workforce. shortages, and then inflation in equipment.
- In workforce development, we continue... to see increased interest in our apprenticeship program by both
- That's your workforce.
- This is a workforce issue.
- Now, with the governor and the legislature setting out to increase career training and workforce development
NM
New Mexico 2025 Regular Session
House - Appropriations and Finance Jan 24th, 2025
House Appropriations & Finance
Transcript Highlights:
- So that was the lens we took while developing the economic development recommendations at the LFC.
- Workforce training programs.
- to workforce.
- It's called the Immigrant Healthcare Workforce Development Act, and the goal of that is to get folks
- and workforce.
FL
Florida 2025 Regular Session
December 9, 2025 - 09:30 AM
Transcript Highlights:
- CALLING THE CAREER AND WORKFORCE SUBCOMMITTEE TO ORDER.
- NOT TO DEVELOPMENT OF THE TECHNOLOGY. THE TECHNOLOGY WILL DEVELOP.
- THIS RELATES TO AI AND DECISION MAKING IN THE WORKFORCE.
- WORKFORCE AND THEY FIGURE OUT HOW TO MAKE USE OF THIS WORKFORCE.
- IT WILL NOT SUPPLANT THE WORKFORCE. IT IS GOING TO BE SOMETHING THAT WILL HELP THE WORKFORCE.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- and Economic Development.
- programs and grants for to the Committee on Trade, Workforce and Economic Development.
- For the Committee on Creative Workforce and Economic Development, HB 1927 by Leo Wilson, relating to
- The Committee on Trade, Workforce and Economic Development, HB 2227 by Hinojosa relating to the period
- To disable certain stolen mobile devices in front of the Committee on Trade Workforce and Economic Development
FL
Florida 2025 Regular Session
December 9, 2025 - 03:00 PM
Transcript Highlights:
- And they're really represents U.S. commitment to stay at the forefront of a education workforce development
- But unity is for the set and development that affected.
- He's strong, believe on workforce development in a He's strong, believe on workforce development in a
- development, education programs.
- So last time Representative Young had asked if there were any workforce development programs experiencing
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- As part of this initiative, TEEX is expanding our Rio Grande Valley Workforce Development program into
- So, our focus is really multiple. ...but we'll just say, with the basics of workforce development, we
- So the TEES mission is supported by three... primary pillars: research, workforce development, and technology
- TEEX does other types of workforce development, like what...
- A workforce that serves rural regions will be a robust model for workforce development for mental health
HI
Hawaii 2025 Regular Session
WTL-HWN-HOU Public Hearing 01-29-2025
Transcript Highlights:
- develop how we are proposing to develop develop how we are proposing to develop we<00:47:52.559>
- So even if we were to start on Lot I with our first workforce development tower, it's going to take seven
- So even if we were to start on Lot I with our first workforce development tower, it's going to take seven
- c> OHA developments development plans with OHA developments development plans with OHA my<01:08:35.520
- SB 534 will empower the Office of Hawaiian Affairs to develop its land for workable workforce housing
Summary:
The joint hearing of the Water and Land, Hawaiian Affairs, and Housing committees on January 29, 2025 focused on SB 534, with the chairs outlining hearing procedures, public testimony limits, and plans to allow extended presentations from the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA) and the Hawaii Community Development Authority (HCDA) before moving to other testifiers. The hearing was presented as a public, transparent discussion of OHA’s plans for Kakaʻako Makai, with committee members noting that decision-making would follow if time permitted.
OHA testified in strong support of SB 534. The chair of OHA’s Board of Trustees said the bill was a novel proposal for the legislature and emphasized that OHA was bringing together a broad coalition of partners and stakeholders, including representatives from construction, hospitality, education, law enforcement, civil service, and schools, as well as longtime community advocates who have opposed development in Kakaʻako Makai. OHA’s presentation reviewed the history of the area, the creation and role of HCDA, prior master plans, the 2012 land conveyance to OHA, and the argument that OHA has not been able to realize the full economic value of the lands because desired entitlements were not secured. OHA linked the bill to its constitutional mission to improve conditions for Native Hawaiians and argued that the state’s housing crisis makes additional development, including residential use, especially important.
A major theme of the testimony was housing. OHA argued that Hawaiʻi faces severe affordability pressures, out-migration, and workforce shortages, and said that residential development in Kakaʻako Makai would help address those needs while also supporting the value of the trust lands. The presentation described HCDA’s authority over zoning and development in Kakaʻako, the existing reserved housing requirements, and the need for a master plan that could move forward if SB 534 becomes law. No votes or final committee action were taken in the portion of the hearing provided; the discussion remained in the presentation and testimony phase.
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Assembly Budget Subcommittee No. 3 on Education Finance Mar 25th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- into their schools and a workforce that is staying in the schools.
- , into a workforce collaborative.
- that's going to stay, to invest in the workforce.
- that's going to stay, to invest in the workforce.
- They don't have enough professional development.
Summary:
The Assembly Budget Subcommittee on Education Finance heard an extended discussion on state efforts to recruit, prepare, and retain teachers, with a focus on whether current programs are sustainable and well targeted. Testimony from the Learning Policy Institute, the Commission on Teacher Credentialing, the Department of Education, and the Legislative Analyst’s Office described persistent shortages, especially in special education, math, science, bilingual education, and high-need schools. Speakers emphasized that residency programs, Golden State Teacher Grants, National Board incentives, classified employee pathways, and undergraduate teacher pipelines have helped increase preparation and retention, but many of these efforts rely on one-time funding and lack long-term certainty. Committee members repeatedly raised concerns about the “leaky pipeline,” working conditions, the burden of student debt, and whether the state should simplify and institutionalize support for aspiring teachers rather than rely on a patchwork of grants.
The agencies presented data showing continuing shortages and uneven distribution of fully credentialed teachers. CTC reported projected hiring needs of roughly 20,000 to 25,000 teachers annually, with the highest needs in self-contained classrooms, special education, and certain regions of the state. It also noted that emergency permits, waivers, and intern credentials remain high, and that teachers entering through those routes have higher turnover. LPI cited research showing residency-prepared teachers are more effective and more likely to stay, and argued that Golden State Teacher Grants attract candidates who might not otherwise enter teaching and help them complete preparation. CDE stressed that most new demand comes from attrition and urged support for multiple entry points, tuition assistance, and campus-based coursework. Several members also discussed the role of community college pathways, dual credentialing, and support for school leaders as part of retention.
The LAO recommended rejecting the educator pipeline proposals under discussion, citing limited evidence of effectiveness and suggesting that any new spending should be more narrowly targeted to the highest-need schools and long-standing shortage subjects. The LAO also said that if the Legislature funds new programs this year, Proposition 98 would be preferable given the state’s fiscal condition. Committee members pushed back on the idea that declining enrollment or layoffs would solve shortages, noting that shortages and layoffs can coexist in different subject areas and regions. The discussion ended with agreement that staff would continue working with agencies on how to make teacher pipeline investments more consistent, coherent, and easier for candidates to navigate.
The committee then turned to the Golden State Teacher Grant Program. Finance proposed $50 million in one-time General Fund support to extend the program for one additional year, while the LAO recommended rejecting the proposal because the first CSAC evaluation is not due until later in the year and because the funding would be non-Proposition 98. CSAC supported the extension, saying demand has been strong, over 20,000 aspiring educators have been served since 2021, and the agency had to pause applications after receiving more than 9,200 this year; it also said more than 2,500 candidates had already expressed interest for next year. Members asked how many students the new funding would serve, and CSAC estimated just under 5,000 awards at $10,000 each. The discussion also covered whether the grant could be moved into Proposition 98 and how the one-time nature of the funding affects confidence among prospective teachers.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Committee on Jobs and Economic Development - 04/07/25
Jobs and Economic Development
Transcript Highlights:
- :17:27.039>
overall workforce development fund overall workforce development fund overall impact - <00:18:10.960>
development general fund, the workforce development general fund, the workforce - <00:20:45.120>
development 178, these are the workforce development 178, these are the workforce - Workforce Development Inc.
- 250,000 City of Brooklyn Park Workforce 250,000 City of Brooklyn Park Workforce Development<00:24
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- It's good to be back before this subcommittee again this session with another rural workforce development
- House Bill 4479 creates a rural workforce development program at the Texas Workforce Commission to support
- I'm here in support of House Bill 4479, which establishes the rural workforce development grant program
- I appreciate, again, your attention for this important rural workforce development bill and ask for your
- youth as a priority to cultivate the state's future workforce.
Summary:
The subcommittee heard testimony on a broad agenda of workforce, labor, and workers’ compensation bills. HB 4676 would require political subdivision workers’ compensation networks to follow the same notice, access, and complaint rules as certified TDI networks; supporters said public employees and first responders deserve equal access to care, while municipal risk pool representatives opposed added regulation and said existing 504 networks already perform well. HB 4479 would create a rural workforce development grant program at TWC to support college-and-career readiness and local workforce alignment, and HB 3844 would define “opportunity youth” in state law to improve data, coordination, and access to services for disconnected young Texans; both drew strong support from rural, education, and chamber witnesses. HB 5545 would clarify federal tax treatment for wage-replacement benefits in non-subscriber injury benefit plans, with proponents calling it a win for employers and injured workers. HB 5118 would direct TWC and DIR to study AI and automated employment decision tools in hiring, including bias and oversight concerns. HB 1667 would move existing PTSD workers’ compensation language into a broader Labor Code chapter so more first responders, including state and campus officers, could qualify for benefits; supporters called it a technical fix to extend coverage more evenly across agencies.
The committee also heard several first-responder and workers’ compensation bills. HB 2369 would speed up claims handling for injured first responders by allowing a single medical evaluation, giving carriers 60 days to accept or deny a claim, and letting workers seek treatment while disputes proceed; law enforcement supporters said it would help injured officers return to work faster, while opponents warned it would revive extent-of-injury waiver problems and increase litigation. HB 4483 would reclassify certain workers’ compensation maintenance taxes as surcharges to reduce retaliatory taxes imposed by other states on Texas-domiciled carriers, and HB 875, as revised by committee substitute, would create a small-project exception to municipal workers’ compensation and bonding requirements for certain low-value construction contracts in small cities; both were presented as cost-saving measures for Texas employers and local governments. HB 4415 would extend anti-retaliation protections for workers’ compensation claimants from first responders to all public employees and expressly waive sovereign immunity for those claims, with supporters describing it as closing a loophole that leaves public workers without the same remedy available in the private sector.
The committee also took testimony on HB 5400, which would expand remedies for sexual harassment victims by removing the requirement to first file an administrative charge, extending the filing deadline from 300 days to two years, clarifying retaliation, and eliminating current damages caps. Supporters, including employment lawyers and a parent of a victim, said the current deadlines and caps prevent many survivors from obtaining counsel or full relief, especially younger workers and those in small workplaces or franchises. Across the agenda, witnesses repeatedly emphasized access to care, fair treatment for injured workers, rural workforce development, and stronger protections for vulnerable employees. After each bill was laid out and testimony heard, the chair generally closed the public hearing and left the bill pending; no final votes were taken, and the subcommittee adjourned after completing the agenda.
FL
Transcript Highlights:
- The other is workforce development. There's a very big need has just grown exponentially.
- The other is workforce development.
- The other is workforce development.
- And workforce development on one of the pages.
- We also have an internal workforce development program.
Summary:
The Transportation Committee met to consider two bills and then held a lengthy discussion on Florida airport infrastructure. SB 246, presented by Senator Rodriguez on behalf of Senator Gruters, would authorize a UFC specialty license plate, with proceeds supporting the UFC Foundation’s charitable work. A UFC Foundation representative described community beneficiaries and said the plate would help raise funds for local charities. With no questions or debate, the committee voted SB 246 favorably. The committee also took up SPB 7012, a Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles public-records exemption bill that would remove the October 1, 2026 repeal date for certain active investigatory records. Senator Avila moved to submit it as a committee bill, there was no objection, and it was reported favorably as a committee bill.
The remainder of the meeting focused on the Comprehensive Airport Infrastructure Program. FDOT Secretary Jared Perdue outlined Florida’s aviation system, the department’s airport funding programs, and the state’s role as a financial partner in safety, capacity, preservation, and economic development projects. He said Florida has 128 public-use airports, 21 commercial-service airports, and four large-hub airports, and noted that airport funding is largely supported by gas-tax-related revenues, with additional support from documentary stamp revenue and other fees. He also discussed the new airport infrastructure planning requirements created last session and said all required airports had submitted plans. Committee members asked about the loss of aviation fuel tax revenue, workforce development, project timelines, and how FDOT prioritizes funding, with Perdue emphasizing safety, preservation, capacity, economic return, and matching funds.
A panel from Miami, Orlando, Fort Lauderdale, and Tampa international airports then described major capital programs, passenger growth, and funding needs. The airports highlighted terminal expansions, parking, baggage systems, airfield rehabilitation, people movers, and other modernization projects, along with the importance of maintaining aging facilities while accommodating growth. They said FDOT and FAA grants are helpful but increasingly insufficient for runway and taxiway costs, and several panelists said passenger facility charges and other revenue tools are important to future self-sufficiency. Members also asked about workforce shortages, small-business participation, landing-fee negotiations, and non-aeronautical revenue. The panel said workforce challenges are most acute in trades and maintenance, small-business programs are active at each airport, and landing fees are negotiated with airlines to keep airports competitive while funding needed improvements.
MN
Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session
Committee on Jobs and Economic Development - Part 1 - 04/02/25
Jobs and Economic Development
Transcript Highlights:
- <01:09:45.839>
Development <01:09:46.319>Fund 2026 from the Workforce Development Fund - <01:20:34.960>
development year 27 from the workforce development year 27 from the workforce - c> our support workforce development due to our support workforce development due to our strong<01
- the<01:35:21.360>
Rural workforce development fund for the Rural workforce development fund - <02:03:54.560>
development uh Otto who is the workforce development uh Otto who is the workforce
FL
Florida 2025 Regular Session
Education Postsecondary Feb 18th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- ALSO WITH A PARTICULAR INTEREST IN WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT.
- WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT AS WELL. I WILL TALK MORE ABOUT THAT.
- AS FAR AS WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT GOES, WE ARE STANDING UP SOMETHING WE ARE CALLING THE FAU WORKFORCE INNOVATION
- ADDRESSING DOMESTIC WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT.
- WE PROMOTE STEADY GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND CROSSOVER OF THE MARITIME WORKFORCE.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- We address challenges through workforce development.
- workforce shortage in Texas.
- UTSA has a major workforce and economic development role. Texas and the entire state.
- We provide education and training to develop a highly skilled workforce for in-demand, well-paying careers
- By developing these predictive models to forecast healthcare workforce demands, it would help better
NM
New Mexico 2025 Regular Session
IC - Legislative Finance Jul 22nd, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- This is an exciting development for our community.
- . nursing workforce.
- Are we putting nurses into the workforce, or are we graduating nurses who then go into the workforce
- Right now, we are looking at our economic development incentives.
- They explore the healthcare workforce and youth mentoring.
OK
Oklahoma 2026 Regular Session
Legislative Evaluation and Development Committee REVISED: Meeting room changed to House rm 450 May 13th, 2026
Legislative Evaluation and Development Committee (LEAD)
Transcript Highlights:
- Workforce. We don't have workforce responsibility anymore, as you know.
- My question goes back to workforce. We talk about that a lot.
- And we've got to focus on community development and housing as an economic development strategy.
- We need to continue to develop that relationship.
- Senator Thompson, you mentioned research and development.
Summary:
The LEAD Committee met with the Department of Commerce to review a high-level strategic plan for Oklahoma economic development. Commerce Director Bud presented a plan centered on the state’s competitive advantages: central location and logistics, low cost of doing business, energy availability, labor force, tax environment, and partnerships with tribes, local communities, universities, and workforce organizations. He said the agency must focus on industries where Oklahoma has a “right to win,” identifying aerospace and defense, energy, agribusiness, manufacturing, and cybersecurity as priority sectors, with other sectors such as transportation logistics, automotive, finance/shared services, federal offices, bioscience, and broader IT treated as secondary or longer-term opportunities.
Members asked about workforce, entrepreneurship, infrastructure, incentives, research and development, housing, and how Commerce should stay focused on its core mission. Commerce said CareerTech remains a major asset, but the state needs better coordination among agencies, universities, and workforce partners. Officials also said entrepreneurship should be encouraged within target industries, infrastructure readiness should be mapped and aligned to industry needs, and incentives should be evaluated against total cost of operations rather than compared only on percentage terms. They noted that the Incentive Evaluation Commission is comparing Oklahoma’s incentives with other states and that closing deals begins early, with the right people and partners involved from the start.
The discussion also emphasized the need for stronger statewide marketing, better use of regional development staff, more robust research/data capabilities, and a stronger international strategy. Legislators raised concerns about Commerce being tasked with programs outside its core mission, and Commerce said it must administer those programs unless the Legislature changes the law, though it would like to streamline and reallocate resources where possible. The meeting ended with broad support for the strategic direction, appreciation for Commerce’s work on recent projects, and adjournment without any formal vote or action taken.
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Senate Budget and Fiscal Review Subcommittee No. 4 on State Administration and General Government May 21st, 2026
Transcript Highlights:
- Development Board.
- development programs as an example.
- I mean, these are policy choices about what we as California means as workforce development and who we're
- I mean, these are policy choices about what we as California means as workforce development and who we're
- And we've decided on a random Thursday in May that this is going to be the new main workforce development
Summary:
The subcommittee heard several May Revision proposals, primarily from the Department of Food and Agriculture, the Government Operations Agency, the Department of Technology, and the Franchise Tax Board. CDFA presented funding for the animal care program under Proposition 12, a transition away from the state hemp program to USDA oversight by January 1, 2028, ongoing support for agricultural statistics reporting after USDA reorganization, and trailer bill changes to the department’s indirect cost cap. The LAO generally supported the animal care, hemp transition, and statistics proposals, while also urging future review of the Prop 12 funding once litigation is resolved. The indirect-cost-cap language was described as technical and not increasing charges to programs, and it was held open with no objections from the LAO or Finance.
The committee also discussed the new federal Workforce Pell program and related Cradle to Career funding and trailer bill language. Finance said the state is still reviewing federal rules and is focusing on basic implementation steps, with the trailer bill assigning eligibility determinations to the California Student Aid Commission, requiring data sharing through Cradle to Career, and prioritizing public institutions first. The LAO urged caution because the federal rules were just finalized and said the Legislature should better define the process and costs before appropriating the $1.3 million requested for Cradle to Career. Members raised policy concerns about limiting the program to certain institutions and about aligning the proposal with pending legislation and broader workforce policy.
The Department of Technology presented a $1 million request for Poppy, the state’s digital assistant, to expand a secure GenAI platform for state employees. Members asked detailed questions about data security, model training, bias controls, and whether the system could eventually support local governments; CDT said the system uses state-controlled cloud infrastructure, does not use user data for training, and quarantines new models for review. CDT also sought provisional authority for the Middle Mile Broadband Initiative to cover possible operating shortfalls while the network is still being built; the LAO remained concerned about broad spending authority, and several members questioned the revenue assumptions and oversight. FTB then proposed retaining a smaller set of CalFile resources after the federal Direct File program was discontinued, with the LAO saying the reduced staffing level was broadly reasonable but still worth legislative scrutiny. The committee also began hearing the administration’s revenue proposals, including a permanent limitation on business tax credits and a tax on electronically delivered prewritten software, with the LAO generally supporting the goal of raising ongoing revenue but recommending changes to the software proposal’s exemptions and business-use treatment.