Video & Transcript Research : 'utility tariffs'

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HI

Hawaii 2026 Regular Session

EEP-LAB Joint Public Hearing - Thu Mar 19, 2026 @ 9:30 AM HST

Energy & Environmental Protection

Transcript Highlights:
  • And then we have the Public Utilities And then we have the Public Utilities Commission.
  • costs and not direct utility costs. costs and not direct utility costs.
  • <00:20:12.680> that witch hunt against our utility that witch hunt against our utility that
  • <00:24:39.320> the as long as we continue to utilize the as long as we continue to utilize
  • relating to the Public Utilities relating to the Public Utilities Commission.
Bills: SB3326
Summary: The joint committees on Energy and Environmental Protection and Labor heard SB 3326, a bill concerning a study of separating transmission from generation in Hawaii’s electric system. Testimony was largely opposed. Life of the Land argued that true separation on an isolated island grid has not been shown to work anywhere and said the bill would waste taxpayer money. Hawaiian Electric and the Public Utilities Commission also opposed the measure, saying Hawaii already uses competitive bidding for new generation, that the bill would add cost, complexity, and reliability risks, and that a new study would duplicate prior work. In response to questions, the PUC explained its existing competitive bidding framework and said it had not seen an island system fully restructure in this way. The chair then amended the bill’s intent to require the PUC to open a proceeding for an independent, comprehensive analysis of the state’s energy pathways, including cost reduction, financial risk, state energy goals, and reliability, rather than narrowly focusing on separation. Both committees voted to pass SB 3326 SD2 with amendments, with the Energy committee adopting the recommendation unanimously and the Labor committee adopting it with one reservation and two no votes. The Energy and Environmental Protection Committee then took up SB 2497 SD2, which would require electric utilities other than cooperatives to provide transparent, publicly accessible customer bill impact analyses and annual reports to the PUC. The Department of Commerce and Consumer Affairs and the PUC offered comments, with the PUC supporting the intent. Life of the Land said the proposed disclosure requirements would be too complex for most ratepayers to use meaningfully, while Hawaiian Electric said the bill could raise costs and slow projects, though it acknowledged some of the language changes and said much of the information is already available through existing planning and regulatory processes. Hawaii Clean Power Alliance and one individual testified in support. No vote was taken on SB 2497 SD2 during the excerpt. The committee also heard SB 3183 SD2, which would bar higher-income taxpayers from claiming the renewable energy technologies income tax credit for certain residential solar systems and would change refundability rules. The Department of Taxation, the Hawaii State Energy Office, and the Tax Foundation offered comments, while the Hawaii Solar Energy Association and numerous companies and individuals opposed the bill. Opponents raised concerns about impacts on financing models and the solar market. Members asked the Department of Taxation for data on how credits are claimed by homeowners versus third-party owners and on the refundability of the credit; the department said it did not have the information immediately available but would follow up. The chair indicated decision-making would likely be deferred to allow further review, and no vote was taken in the excerpt.
WA

Washington 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Transportation Jun 8th, 2026

Transcript Highlights:
  • Dramatically reduces utilities' costs if you can structure it that way.
  • Are the utilities generally being responsive?
  • It's dramatically reduces utilities costs if you can structure it that way.
  • Are the utilities generally being responsive?
  • So this funding is primarily being utilized for new infrastructure.
Summary: The House Transportation Committee held a work session focused on Climate Commitment Act transportation spending and electrification programs. Staff first reviewed overall CCA transportation allocations, saying about $2.2 billion has been allocated over three biennia, with major categories including public transportation, active transportation, ferry electrification, zero-emission vehicle programs, rail/ports, and planning. Members asked for additional breakdowns comparing CCA dollars with total program costs across categories. The Department of Ecology presented on the zero-emission school bus grant program. Ecology said the program was codified in 2024 and supports the transition from diesel to electric school buses, including buses, charging infrastructure, and training. For 2025-27, Ecology received $38.3 million in CCA funding; $21.4 million is already obligated or spent, replacing 91 diesel buses in 28 districts, with the rest to be awarded by the end of the biennium. Members asked about cost parity, exemptions for rural and extracurricular routes, health data, and whether the funding covers chargers as well as buses. Ecology said OSPI is developing the parity formula and exemptions are available when electric buses cannot meet district needs. The Department of Commerce described its clean transportation role, including EV rebates, tribal charging and electric boat projects, and the EV Coordinating Council. Commerce said its rebate program was designed to lower monthly costs and prioritize low-income households, with 89% of recipients saying the rebate was essential to their purchase. It also reported strong demand for charging grants, progress on tribal projects, and concerns about utility interconnection timelines, vandalism, and range anxiety. The Department of Enterprise Services reported on state agency EVSE projects, saying it has completed 82 sites with 567 Level 2 ports and 46 DC fast chargers, and that current projects will add 152 more Level 2 ports; members asked about replacing aging chargers and the state’s EV fleet purchasing mix. WSDOT closed with updates on charging, transit, and port electrification. It said its corridor charging program has awarded 23 sites this biennium, with 13 in overburdened communities and five tribal sites, and that the Washington Zero Emission Incentive Program opened with $112 million for vouchers for zero-emission commercial vehicles and equipment. WSDOT also described transit grants, including bus and bus facility funding, commute trip reduction, paratransit, tribal transit, and zero-emissions access car-share projects. The rail freight and ports division reported $89.8 million for port electrification projects, including shore power and drayage trucks, but noted only about 10% has been spent so far because projects are still in design and permitting. Members raised concerns about funding gaps, supply-chain delays, utility capacity, and whether the programs are sufficient to meet broader electrification needs.
OK
Transcript Highlights:
  • But you mentioned utilization, and so how do we know the actuarial projections on utilizations are accurate
  • We're talking missing 1.5% on my utilization request.
  • We're gonna see more utilization.
  • The second half of this program, so it is for utilization.
  • That's just more utilization in the system.
Keywords: 914, all
FL

Florida 2025 Regular Session

April 2, 2025 - 04:00 PM

Transcript Highlights:
  • Again, these are owned and operated by the utility.
  • So now we have a homeowner and the utility.
  • Why would the vendor contract with the utility contractor, or the utility contract with a vendor to install
  • So it could be a Representative Connelly: different from utility to utility, the rules or regulations
  • They were first utilized by the EPA in 2019.
HI

Hawaii 2026 Regular Session

EEP-TOU Joint Public Hearing - Thu Feb 12, 2026 @ 9:30 AM HST

Energy & Environmental Protection

Transcript Highlights:
  • the mandate that you know the utility the mandate that you know the utility along<01:14:07.280><
  • backsliding u as of late the um utility backsliding u as of late the um utility requested<01:14:
  • utility from the past to the future. utility from the past to the future.
  • performance based on other utilities. performance based on other utilities.
  • mean how how would how Is the utility mean how how would how Is the utility working<01:26:29.920
Bills: HB1617
Summary: The committees heard testimony on HB 1949, which would create a public dashboard for the green fee to improve transparency and accountability. Testimony from the Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Commission, the Office of Planning and Sustainable Development, and many community and conservation groups was generally supportive, with several speakers urging that the governor’s project recommendations remain largely intact and that community-driven projects continue to guide spending. One amendment was suggested to place the dashboard at the Department of Budget and Finance for fiscal expertise, while other testimony favored keeping it with the commission. Members asked about procurement, ETS involvement, recurring hosting costs, and whether the dashboard could be funded from green fee revenues; the commission said it could work with ETS and that green fee funds could reasonably be used. The committees then voted to pass HB 1949 with amendments. The committees also heard HB 2618, which would require the governor to submit a separate bill for amounts tied to any increase in the transient accommodations tax and, in later discussion, was expanded into a broader restructuring of future green fee allocations. Testimony from the Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Commission, Hawaii Reef and Ocean Coalition, and others supported the bill and emphasized the value of more predictable, dedicated funding for conservation and climate-related work. During decision-making, the chair described amendments creating several special funds under DLNR, including a watershed biodiversity and wildfire risk reduction fund, an aquatic resources conservation fund, a coastal restoration fund, a cesspool conversion revolving loan fund, and a green fee special fund for remaining revenues, with recommended amounts discussed for some of the funds. The committees voted to pass HB 2618 with amendments. The hearing then moved to HB 1644, a consumer protection measure for residential solar sales that would require compliance with consumer protection laws, licensing or contractor affiliation for sellers, and a standardized disclosure form. Testimony in support came from the Hawaii Green Infrastructure Authority, DCCA’s Office of Consumer Protection, Kauai Island Utility Cooperative, the Hawaii Solar Energy Association, and several solar companies and individuals. Supporters said the bill would address complaints about third-party sales practices and improve disclosure, especially around financing. The committee then began hearing HB 2243, which would require electric utilities to provide public, electronic customer bill impact analyses and annual reports to the Public Utilities Commission; the Division of Consumer Advocacy and the PUC offered comments supporting the measure’s intent.
VA

Virginia 2026 Regular Session

Labor and Commerce Mar 5th, 2026

Labor and Commerce

Transcript Highlights:
  • that the utility uses, the same assumptions, modeling inputs, and data used by the utility to evaluate
  • The bill prohibits an investor-owned utility, municipal utility, or co-op from imposing interconnection
  • Under the bill, no utility, municipal utility, or electric co-op can be liable for damage or injury caused
  • The bill requires any such agreement to provide that the locality pay the utility.
  • And finally, it shall be collected by the utility on behalf of the locality.
NH

New Hampshire 2026 Regular Session

House Science, Technology and Energy (01/20/2026)

Science, Technology and Energy

Transcript Highlights:
  • locate underground utilities. locate underground utilities.
  • > came field utility contractor or utility came field utility contractor or utility came up<00
  • leading cause of utility damage. leading cause of utility damage.
  • utility changes, utility Ongoing utility changes, utility companies<01:23:12.880> frequently<
  • utility.
Keywords: 1189, house, all
HI
Transcript Highlights:
  • Public Utilities Commission with comments.
  • We've been doing a utility providers.
  • collaboratively with our utility collaboratively with our utility partners<00:27:34.880> to
  • <01:11:57.120> And utilized this point-based system.
  • And utilized this point-based system.
Keywords: 910, house, all
Summary: The House Transportation Committee met on March 31 and heard a series of resolutions focused on roadway safety, transportation access, and infrastructure coordination. Early measures included HCR 104/HR 96 on advancing coastal trails on O‘ahu’s North Shore and HCR 63/HR 57 on clarifying responsibility for Honouliuli Bridge and addressing safety, wildfire, and emergency access concerns. The Department of Transportation supported both, and a resident testified that the Honouliuli bridge is a single-lane emergency replacement on state land that has limited access for fire protection, heavy vehicles, permits, and repairs. DOT said it was working with DLNR and that jurisdiction may ultimately lie with the County of Maui, with research ongoing. The committee also heard HCR 62/HR 56 on alternative vegetation management along Hana Highway, HCR 43/HR 39 on raised crosswalks near Ala Wai Elementary, and HCR 52/HR 48 on integrating the safe system approach into county road design; these drew support testimony and no opposition. The committee then considered HCR 120/HR 112 on regulating transportation network companies under motor carrier law. DOT and the Public Utilities Commission offered comments, while Lyft opposed, arguing the legislature already created a TNC-specific framework in 2022 and that motor carrier law is not a good fit for app-based ride platforms. In questioning, PUC explained that TNCs would fall under both PUC motor carrier jurisdiction and DOT permitting, and DOT said it would follow up on enforcement questions. Members also discussed HCR 119/HR 111 on an indirect traffic disruption grant program, with the chair asking DOT to clarify how it enforces penalties when contractors or others fail to follow road closure requirements. Other measures discussed included HCR 96/HR 88 on moving to a demerit-point driver licensing system, which DOT supported; HCR 128/HR 120 on coordinating capital improvement planning for Hawaiian Home Lands developments, which DOT and DHHL supported; HCR 127/HR 119 on a state highway police force, which DOT supported; and HCR 125/HR 117 on a statewide plan for derelict utility poles and lines, which drew support from DOT, Hawaiian Electric, and Hawaiian Telcom, with DOT acknowledging it lacks current statutory authority to force immediate removal. The committee also heard HCR 58/HR 54 on school crosswalk safety for Mililani Elementary, HCR 55/HR 51 on using artificial intelligence to mitigate traffic and improve road safety, and HCR 54/HR 146 on expanding the Hele-On Shared Ride program on Hawai‘i Island. Supporters of the Hele-On measure said expanded service would help rural residents, kupuna, and people with disabilities reach medical appointments and daily activities, while noting cost and technology-access concerns; they said missed or delayed appointments are a real issue in remote areas. The final item discussed in the excerpt was HCR 64/HR 58 on minimizing rumble strip dimensions on Kūhiō Highway on Moloka‘i, with DOT saying it had already removed some strips where large emergency vehicles were affected on narrow curves.
MN

Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session

Committee on Energy, Utilities, Environment and Climate - 03/12/25

Energy, Utilities, Environment, and Climate

Transcript Highlights:
  • certificate of need the Public Utilities certificate of need the Public Utilities Commission<00:
  • a blank check the Public utility a blank check the Public Utilities<00:04:40.800> Commission<
  • the tech uh industries that utilize the tech uh industries that utilize security<00:11:56.240>
  • centers um so the Public Utilities centers um so the Public Utilities Commission<00:19:28.280>
  • make more efficient use of uh utilities make more efficient use of uh utilities resources<00:25:
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
FL

Florida 2025 Regular Session

March 20, 2025 - 11:30 AM

Transcript Highlights:
  • Emergency room utilization...
  • , with a significant increase in utilization across most age ranges.
  • Further building upon the utilization management concept could be to introduce a more comprehensive utilization
  • incorporate the PBM's proprietary utilization management practice.
  • On slide 14, you talk about the different pharmaceutical utilization management.
Summary: The Budget Committee met with a quorum and took up several bills. HB 677, relating to state-covered fertility preservation for employees undergoing cancer treatment, was introduced as coverage for egg and sperm preservation for up to three years, with an estimated fiscal impact of about $813,000. After brief questions and no public testimony or amendments, the bill passed unanimously and was reported favorably. The committee then considered CS/HB 59, which would reform Florida’s wrongful incarceration compensation process by extending the filing deadline from 90 days to two years, removing the clean-hands requirement, and allowing exonerees to choose between the state compensation process and a civil lawsuit; it was supported by the City of Flagler Beach and passed unanimously. CS/HB 1313, which recreates the Resilient Florida Trust Fund in the Department of Environmental Protection before its scheduled termination in 2025, also passed unanimously after supportive testimony from advocacy groups. The committee received a lengthy presentation from the Department of Management Services on the State Group Insurance Program and the recent Revenue Estimating Conference. The presentation covered enrollment, revenues and expenditures, rising medical and pharmacy costs, emergency room utilization, GLP-1 drug spending, and options for tighter formulary and utilization management. Members asked about ER cost growth, GLP-1 coverage and copays, PBM oversight and potential conflicts, avoidable ER visits, cancer screening claims, dental and vision costs, specialty drug biosimilars, and possible savings from more restrictive pharmacy models. DMS said it would follow up on several questions and noted ongoing work on cancer coordination, preventive screening, biomarker testing, and a proposed member-facing benefits platform. The committee also heard extensive testimony on HB 301, which would raise sovereign immunity caps from $200,000 per person and $300,000 per incident to $1 million and $3 million, align limitations periods with private claims, and allow government entities to settle above the caps without a claims bill. Local governments, school-related entities, and county and city associations opposed the bill, warning of major fiscal impacts, higher insurance costs, and pressure on services; several speakers urged smaller increases or a tiered approach. Proponents, including families affected by catastrophic injury or death, argued the current caps are too low and the claims bill process is inefficient and unfair. After debate, the bill passed on a recorded vote, with some members voting no, and was reported favorably.
FL

Florida 2025 Regular Session

November 4, 2025 - 01:30 PM

Transcript Highlights:
  • risk from an electric utility perspective.
  • We brought in experts in the field from the nuclear field and from the utility industry.
  • It can be utilized for a number of uses power generation, of course.
  • The Voyager utilizes power modules to scale this more up and down and capacity.
  • We're delighted to be here. >> Scg is the the 25 utilities, their 25 utilities, members of SCG.
ND

North Dakota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Energy and Natural Resources Apr 3rd, 2025 at 08:30 am

Energy and Natural Resources

Transcript Highlights:
  • This is the version that the insurance companies and utility companies came to an agreement with.
  • But the rebuttable presumption protection for utilities goes beyond that, doesn't it? Mr.
  • But the rebuttable presumption protection for utilities goes beyond that, doesn't it? Mr.
  • The solvency of utilities, that is a shared interest. Continue.
  • Ultimately, the utilities would like to get to that space.
Keywords: 908, all
Summary: The subcommittee met on Senate Bill 2339 and worked from engrossed version 02001, which members said reflected an agreement between insurance companies and utility companies. Representative Olson moved to recommend that version to the full committee, and Representative Johnson seconded. Representative Conmy raised concerns about keeping strict liability in the bill but removing a rebuttable presumption provision on page 3, arguing it favored utilities and shifted burdens unfairly to landowners. Levi Andres, speaking for North Dakota power companies, opposed removing the language and said the bill was a negotiated, incremental step that still leaves the plaintiff with the burden of proof in court. The discussion also clarified that the bill’s language was intended to codify negligence standards and encourage wildfire mitigation plans, with the utility side noting the Public Service Commission was not yet ready for a mandatory review-and-approval process. A technical correction was noted on page 4, line 2, changing “shall” to “may,” and members confirmed that change was already reflected in the version before them. The committee did not pursue additional amendments, including a proposed Mincota-related change, and voted unanimously to recommend the bill as presented. The motion passed 4-0, and the subcommittee adjourned.
MN

Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session

Committee on Energy, Utilities, Environment, and Climate - 03/24/25

Energy, Utilities, Environment, and Climate

Transcript Highlights:
  • capacity do we have to utilize wood waste in the seven-county metro?
  • <00:11:10.880> and would greatly help the utilization and would greatly help the utilization
  • These savings are based on 2021 utility rates.
  • savings are based on on 2021 utility savings are based on on 2021 utility rates.<00:53:24.000>
  • > each<00:53:49.280> of<00:53:49.359> these utility costs for each of these utility
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
NM

New Mexico 2025 Regular Session

IC - Water and Natural Resources Aug 19th, 2025

Water & Natural Resources Committee

Transcript Highlights:
  • Those are getting a good utilization rate.
  • As an electric utility, we see electric vehicles as assets that can help us improve utilization of our
  • And you said that the utility that El Paso Electric pays for that.
  • You said that the utility provides that.
  • versus the residential rates of that utility.
TX

Texas 89th Regular

Culture, Recreation & Tourism Apr 15th, 2025

Culture, Recreation & Tourism

Transcript Highlights:
  • And I can tell you that there are landowners in those areas that would like to utilize this same thing
  • the same time, if we wanted to leave it open to where those landowners just east of the Pecos could utilize
  • And I can tell you that there are landowners in those areas that would like to utilize this same thing
  • And I can tell you that there are landowners in those areas that would like to utilize this same thing
  • And I can tell you that there are landowners in those areas that would like to utilize this same thing
TX

Texas 89th Regular

S/C on Telecommunications & Broadband Mar 31st, 2025

S/C on Telecommunications & Broadband

Transcript Highlights:
  • Under current Texas law, investor-owned utilities... ...municipally owned utilities and telecommunications
  • We have utilized both buried and aerial facilities in the past.
  • The remedy that's available is just not being utilized.
  • But nor is the Public Utility Commission.
  • We have some services in some utilities in towns. Linegar does too.
Bills: HB3445, HB3448
MN

Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session

Committee on Taxes - 03/26/25

Taxes

Transcript Highlights:
  • ,<00:03:53.040> road to things like utilities, road to things like utilities, road alignment
  • <00:43:55.839> Advanced<00:43:56.240> Metering Utilities Advanced Metering Utilities Advanced
  • I am the general manager for Rochester Public Utilities.
  • Rochester Public Utilities is the largest municipal utility in the... Mr.
  • McCulla said Rochester Public Utilities is the largest municipal utility in the state of Minnesota, and
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
MS

Mississippi 2026 Regular Session

Energy - Room 210, 2 February, 2026; 4:15 PM

Energy

Transcript Highlights:
  • <00:03:48.159> act to this Gulf Coast regional utility act to this Gulf Coast regional utility
  • Seeing none, I'll entertain a motion. uh utilities such as uh gas initial gas uh utilities such as uh
  • It says current language says municipally owned and operated utility, utility electric utility.
  • <00:09:56.560> utility<00:09:57.600> electric and operated utility utility electric
  • and operated utility utility electric utility<00:09:58.560> I'm<00:09:58.800> sorry<00
Summary: The committee took up several energy, utility, and infrastructure bills. Bill 2527 on solar decommissioning was presented as a landowner consumer-protection measure that would set statewide baseline requirements for solar lease agreements, preserve some freedom of contract, preempt duplicative local rules, and protect landowners from reclamation costs; after no questions, it was moved and passed. The committee also discussed changes to the Gulf Coast Regional Utility Act in HB 2058 and HB 2309, including new first-right-of-refusal language, prohibitions on unauthorized service, civil penalties and enforcement tools, and legislative intent language aimed at preventing duplication and protecting public investment; both were adopted as committee substitutes and passed. HB 2018 was amended to extend similar oversight to water systems, and it was reported after questions about the scope of the change. Several bills focused on water and wastewater oversight. SB 2311 and SB 2312 would create statewide A-to-F grading systems for drinking water and wastewater systems, require annual public reporting, and direct the health and environmental agencies to adopt objective scoring rules; both were passed. SB 2526 would create a Mississippi Rural Water Oversight Committee, require rate studies, capacity studies, and asset management plans for water associations, and provide staffing and funding support from existing revolving-fund resources; it was adopted as a committee substitute and reported, with supporters saying it would help identify and assist troubled associations. The committee also heard a bill creating the Metro Jackson Water Authority, allowing a lease of city system assets, special revenue bonds to refinance legacy debt, and supplemental revenue sources such as sanitation fees and possibly sales tax revenues; the sponsor said no general fund money would be used, and the bill was reported. The committee also advanced HB 2641, which was stripped down to a study committee on wind turbine facilities, grandfathered existing projects, and imposed a moratorium on new construction until the study is completed; members asked about existing projects and were told current projects under construction would not be penalized, and the committee substitute passed. SB 2783 would make targeted definition changes to BEAD-related broadband grant programs so remaining federal funds could support other state initiatives, including AI workforce training, and it was reported after questions about future federal guidance. Finally, HB 2787 would add propane to the school gas-leak testing statute; the sponsor said the inspections would not require additional state funding because propane dealers and the State Fire Marshal’s office already handle the checks, and the bill passed.
MN
Transcript Highlights:
  • It all has to get reviewed and questioned and approved by the Public Utilities Commission.
  • It all has to get reviewed and questioned and approved by the Public Utilities Commission.
  • It all has to get reviewed and questioned and approved by the Public Utilities Commission.
  • It all has to get reviewed and questioned and approved by the Public Utilities Commission.
  • It all has to get reviewed and questioned and approved by the Public Utilities Commission.
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
KY
Transcript Highlights:
  • Private sector and utility use cases.
  • Electric utilities.
  • Uh, wastewater utilities are using it, water utilities, oil and gas, especially inspectors here in the
  • 00:08:56.080> water<00:08:56.560> utilities, utilities are using it, water utilities, utilities
  • to maintaining and updating our utility to maintaining and updating our utility infrastructure.<
Summary: The committee first approved minutes from prior meetings after a motion and second, then heard a presentation from Kent Annis and Boyd Sheerer of the Kentucky Division of Geographic Information on the state’s “KY from Above” aerial imagery and elevation program. The presenters described the program’s goals of creating openly accessible statewide imagery and elevation basemaps, reducing duplicative local and state spending, and supporting uses such as transportation, emergency response, utilities, broadband planning, property taxation, economic development, and education. They said the data is owned by the Commonwealth, distributed in the public domain, and has strong return on investment, with statewide ortho imagery coverage completed in 2022 and elevation phases completed or underway in multiple stages. The witnesses emphasized that the program relies on cost-sharing among state, local, and federal partners and that a small state “seed” appropriation is needed to leverage larger federal contributions. They said about $300,000 a year in seed money could help secure additional federal funds, while a three-year imagery refresh cycle would cost about $5.7 million annually and storage/processing about $150,000 a year. They also noted that no subscription fee is charged for access, opposed charging for use of the data even by for-profit users, and said the program is intended as an economic development tool that avoids multiple entities paying for the same geography. Members asked about the funding request, the potential federal match, and whether the state should charge private companies for access. The witnesses explained that the requested amount was for aerial photography and LAR seed money, that federal funds would not cover aerial photography directly, and that the program already uses a cost-share model with 28 partners rather than subscriptions. They also clarified that imagery is refreshed every three years and elevation data on a longer cycle, with elevation prioritized because it supports accuracy for roads, water lines, and broadband planning. The presentation concluded with no formal vote on the program itself; after questions ended, the chair thanked the witnesses and adjourned the meeting.