Sale and possession of ghost guns prohibited, 3D printing of guns limited to federally licensed firearms manufacturers, distribution of 3D printer firearm design files prohibited, firearm serial numbers required, public notice required, and limits on assembling firearms without license provided.
HF3407 creates a new set of restrictions in Minnesota aimed at so-called “ghost guns” and other unserialized firearms. The bill defines ghost guns broadly to include firearms and unfinished frames or receivers that lack a unique serial number, are undetectable by metal detector, or are made by 3D printers or CNC milling machines by someone who is not a federally licensed firearms manufacturer. It makes it a crime to possess, sell, transfer, or distribute ghost guns, and it also prohibits altering serial numbers or possessing firearms with altered serial numbers.
The bill also regulates home assembly and manufacturing of firearms. A person who is not a federal firearms licensee would be limited to assembling or manufacturing no more than three firearms in a calendar year, must obtain a unique serial number before assembly if the firearm lacks one, and must have the firearm serialized within ten days after assembly. Separate provisions prohibit non-licensees from manufacturing firearms using a 3D printer or CNC milling machine and ban the sale or distribution of digital firearm design files intended to program a 3D printer to make a ghost gun. The bill requires federal firearms licensees who perform serialization services to use a specified serial-number format, keep records indefinitely, and make those records available to law enforcement.
For existing unserialized firearms and unfinished frames or receivers, the bill creates transition rules. As of August 1, 2026, current possessors would have 180 days to have the item serialized by a federal firearms licensee, remove it from Minnesota, render it permanently inoperable, or surrender it to law enforcement. Similar deadlines apply to inherited items and to new residents bringing such items into the state. The commissioner of public safety must also issue a public notice by August 1, 2026 to educate the public about the new requirements.
The bill would significantly change Minnesota firearms law by adding new offenses and compliance obligations in chapter 624 and by repealing the existing serial-number offense in section 609.667, replacing it with a more detailed framework focused on ghost guns, serialization, and digital manufacturing. It also classifies certain serial-number records as data under the state data practices law. Affected parties include gun owners, people who build firearms at home, sellers of firearm parts and design files, federal firearms licensees, and law enforcement agencies responsible for enforcement and destruction of prohibited items.
The overall sentiment in the available record appears to be policy-driven and safety-focused, with the bill framed as a public safety measure to prevent untraceable firearms. No committee transcript or vote record is provided, so there is no documented debate or recorded support/opposition in the materials supplied. The main likely points of contention are the breadth of the ghost-gun definition, the limits on home firearm assembly, the ban on distributing 3D-printable gun design files, and the practical burden of serialization and recordkeeping requirements on gun owners and licensed dealers.
HF3407 would add new Minnesota Statutes sections 624.7145 to 624.7147 governing ghost guns, firearm serialization, and limits on non-licensed firearm assembly and 3D printing. It would create criminal penalties of up to five years in prison and/or a $10,000 fine for possession, sale, transfer, distribution, or alteration of ghost guns and serial numbers, while also imposing compliance duties on federal firearms licensees and deadlines for current possessors, heirs, and new residents. The bill repeals Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 609.667, and replaces it with a more detailed regulatory scheme.
The bill is presented as a public safety and gun-tracing measure, suggesting a generally supportive framing around reducing untraceable firearms and preventing illegal manufacture. However, because no committee discussion or votes are included, the record does not show specific bipartisan or partisan sentiment. Based on the text alone, the bill appears likely to draw support from gun-control advocates and law enforcement-oriented policymakers, and opposition from gun-rights advocates, home gunsmithing interests, and those concerned about speech or manufacturing restrictions.
The most notable areas of contention are the bill’s broad definition of “ghost gun,” which covers unfinished frames or receivers, undetectable firearms, and firearms made by 3D printer or CNC machine by non-licensees; the prohibition on distributing digital firearm design files; and the restriction limiting non-licensees to assembling or manufacturing no more than three firearms per year. Another likely dispute is the requirement that existing unserialized firearms be serialized, removed from the state, rendered inoperable, or surrendered, which could be seen as burdensome for lawful owners, heirs, and new residents. The record provided does not identify named opponents or supporters, but the affected groups would include gun owners, hobbyist builders, federal firearms licensees, and law enforcement.